词根词缀

词缀

-acle【n】物品 状态

-ad 【n】东西， 状态

-al, -ial 【adj】…的

-ant 【adj】 …的

ante-, anti- 前面，前

• anti.cip.ate 预料 预期

-ary【n】人，场所，物

-ate 【v】做 造成

com-; con-; co-

来自拉丁语介词com，表示‘与…一起（with together）’。

• 部分单词前无意义，仅表强化作用。
• 在元音字母和h前缩写为co-
• 在bmp前使用原型com-
• 在lr前col-，cor-
• 在g前缩写为co-或con-
• 在f前应使用con-，但由于历史原因，comfort例外

dis-

分开，散开

• dis·tinct：dis+stinct刺→与众不同的→明显的，独特的clearly different or belonging to a different type
  
  • ~alleles /genetic backgrounds /genetic properties /patterns /populations /biochemical pathways /environments /characteristics /classes /groups /types
  • By late autumn, metabolic profiles were highly similar between the northern and central populations, whereas profiles for the southern popu- lation were relatively dis·tinct.
  • similar–distinct
  • A total of 189 distinct compounds were revealed in the GC-MS profiles of the foliar tissue, and quantified in all samples.
  • Yield overdominance from SFT heterozygosity is robust, occurring in distinct genetic backgrounds and environments.
  • The experimental population is one of two genetically distinct (no common parents) western larch seed orchards
• distinguish
• distinction
• distinctive

不，非

du-, dub-, doub- =two

• doub.le
• doubt
• du.al
• dub.ious
• du.plic.ate

-ence 【n】性质 状态

-ent 【adj】…的

hypo-下面，次等

• hypo.thes.is

-ial 【adj】…的

-ible 【adj】能…的

-ic 【adj】…的

-ice 【n】 行为 状态

-ify, -fy 接在n、adj后 构成使…成， …化， 作成…的动词

-ion, -ation, -ition 【n】行为 动作 状态 过程 结果 物品

-ist 【n】信仰者 专家或从事某活动的人

-istic 【adj】有-ist+-ic构成 …的

-logy =science 学科，由表示说（-log）的词根引申而来；-logy表示…学；-logist表示…学家；-logical表示…学的

-ive, -ative, -itive【adj】

-ory, -atory 【adj】 …的

-ous, -itious, - eous, -ious, -uous 【adj】 …的 化学中表示亚酸的，低价的

per- 始终，完全，向前，贯穿

pro- 变体por- pur

suc-, suf-, sup-, sur-, sub在同辅音词根前表示在…下面

syn-, sym- 共同

-ular 【adj】 有…性质或形状

-ury 【n】

词根

agri-, agro-, agr- =field land

• agro.nom.y
• agri.cult.ure

ambi-两个，两边，周围

• ambi.ent
• ambi.ig.uous
• amb.it.ion

ana- =1. upward 2.back 3. agian

• ana.log.y
• ana.lys.e
• ana.tom.y

ann-, enn- =year

• ann.als
• anni.vers.ary
• annu.al
• bi.enn.ial
• mill.enn.ium
• per.enn.ial
• sol.emn: emn- =enn=ann

apt-, ept- =fit, ability

• ad.apt
• apt.itude
• att.itude

arm-, art-, arti-, arth-, arthr- =skill, joint, trick 技巧 关节 诡计

bacillo-, bact- 细菌

• bachel.or
• bacteria

cap-, capt-, cept-, ceiv-, cip-, cup- =take, hold, seize 拿 抓 握住

• ac.cept
• anti.cip.ate
• cap.able
• cap.acity
• caps.ule
• capt.ure
• con.ceiv.e
• dis.cip.l.ine
• ex.cept
• sus.cept.ible

cap-, cipit-, chiev- = head

• a.chiev.e: a-= ad-, chieve = chief 头
• cab.b.age: cab-=cap-, age- 表状态
• capit.al
• capt.ain
• cattle 来自 capital
• chapt.er
• ex.cape 从斗篷里钻出来
• mis.chiev.ous
• pre.cipit.ate

ced-,ceed-,cess- =go away, withdraw, yield 走开，撤退，屈服

• pre.ced.e
• an.cest.er
• inter.ced.e

card-, cord- =heart

• ac.cord
• cour.age
• re.cord

celebr- =honor

• celebr.ate

cent-, hund- =hundred

• cent.enn.ial
• centi.grade
• cent.ury
• per.cent

cern-, cert-, cret-, crimin- =sure separate

• cert.ain
• certi.fic.ate
• con.cern
• dis.cern
• dis.crete
• dis.crimin.ate
• ex.crete
• se.cret.e

cid-, cis- =cut

• ce.ment
• con.cis.e
• de.cid.e
• ex.cis.e
• herbi.cid.e
• pesti.cide
• pre.cise
• sciss.or
• sui.cid.e

clear-, clar-, clair =clear, bright

• clar.ify
• de.clar.e

clos-, clud-, clus-, =close

• clos.e
• con.clud.e
• dis.clos.e
• en.clos.e
• ex.clud.e
• in.clud.e
• pre.clud.e

commod- 方便 复合词根 com-+mod-

• ac.commod.ate
• commod.ity

corp-, corpor- =body 身体，团体

• corpor.ate
• corpor.ation
• in.corpor.ate
• corpor.al

counter反对，相反

• counter.act
• counter.feit
• counter.part
• country 相对于他国的土地，相对于城市的土地
• en.counter

contra- =against com-+tr-本意为放在一起比较

• contra.dict
• contra.ry
• contra.st
• cont.rol
• contro.vers.y

cre-, creas- =grow, make 增长，产生

• ac.cret.e
• con.cret.e
• cre.ate
• in.creas.e
• de.creas.e
• in.cre.ment
• re.cru.it

cumul- =heap 堆积

• church 由堆积到膨胀到强大
• ac.cumul.ate

cur-, curr-, curs-, cours- =run 跑，发生

• con.cur
• curr.ent
• curr.iculum
• cours.e
• oc.cur

cur- =care

• ac.cur.acy
• curi.osity
• cur.ious
• se.cure

dict-, dic-, digim-, teach- =say, declare 说话，断言

• ad.dict
• con.dit.ion
• de.dic.ate
• in.dic.ate
• para.digim 在旁边说-范例
• pre.ach传道
• pre.dict
• ver.dict

dom-, domin-, tam- =house

• danger
• daunt
• dom.ain
• dom.est.ic
• domin.ant
• tame

dra- =to perform

• drama
• dramat.ic

duc-, duct- =to lead 引导，带来

• con.duct
• de.duce
• e.duc.ate
• in.duce
• intro.duce
• pro.duc.e
• re.duce
• sub.due

em-, empt-, ampl- =take, procure

• ex.ampl.e
• ex.empl.ify
• pre.em.ium
• pro.mpt
• s.ampl.e

ent-, ess-, est- = to be

• ab.sent
• ent.ity
• ess.ence
• inter.est
• poss.ess
• pre.sent

equ-, equi- =equal even

• ad.equ.ate
• euq.al
• equi.libr.ium
• equi.val.ent
• equi.vac.ate

esthet- ,aesthet- =feeling

• aesthete

estim-, esteem- =value

• estim.ate
• esteem

fac-, fact-, fect-, fic-, fig- =make ,do 做，制作

• af.fair
• af.fect
• arti.fact
• bene.fic.ial
• de.feat
• de.fect
• de.fic.i.ent
• de.fic.it
• dif.fic.ult
• ef.fic.iency
• fac.il.it.ate
• fact.or
• facult.y
• fash.ion
• feas.ible
• fear.ure
• fict.ion
• fig.ure
• in.fect
• magni.fic.ent
• manu.fact.ure
• of.fice
• per.fect
• pro.fic.i.ent
• pro.fit
• sacr.i.fic.e
• satis.fact.ory
• sign.suf.fice
• suf.fic.ant

face- 说，与之相关的词根fess，说，profess宣称，本意是‘’在众人前面说‘’；dict说话，断言

• pre·face前言
• pre·dict

fer =bring, carry带来

• circum.fer.ence
• con.fer
• coni.fer
• de.fer延期
• de.fer.ence遵从 顺从
• fert.ile
• in.fer
• of.fer to bring
• pre.fer
• re.fer
• suf.fer
• trans.fer
• voc-.fer.ous 喊叫的

fin- =end, boundary 表示结束，范围，限制

• con.fin.e
• de.fin.e
• fin.al
• fin.ance
• fine
• fni.ish
• fin.ite
• in.fin.ite
• re.fine

flect-, flex- =bend

• de.flect
• flex.ible
• re.flect

flu- =flow

• af.flu.ent
• flu.ent
• super.flu.ous

found-, fund- =base

• found
• found.ation
• pro.found

fract-, frag-, fric- =break

• break
• brick
• bruise
• fract.ion
• frag.ile
• frag.ment

funct- =perform 活动

• funct.ion

gen-, gener-, genit-, -genesis, gn-, kin- =birht produce

• beni.gn bene- 善 好
• carcino.gen 致癌物质 carcino- 螃蟹 癌症
• gen.der
• gene
• gen.ea.log.y研究出生的学科

gest-, gister- =carry bring

• di.gest
• gest.ure
• re.gister
• sug.gest

gn-, gnos-, gnor-, cun-, know =know

• co.gn.itive
• dia.gnose
• i.gnore
• pro.gnos.is
• re.co.gn.ise
• re.co.gn.ise

greg-, gor-, gyr- =group

• ag.greg.ate
• cat.egor.y
• se.greg.ate

habit- =dwell

• habit.at
• habit.ual
• in.habit

heir-, hered-, herit- =succession

• herit.age
• in.herit

hibit- =hold

• ex.hibit
• in.hibit
• pro.hibit

hor- 边界 视野 范围

• hor.izon

id-, ident-, it- =same

• ident.ify
• ident.ity

intergr- =whole, in- 不,tegr- 接触，不接触，保持完整

• en.tir.e
• in.tegr.al
• in.tegr.ate

lap-, laps-, lab- =slip

• col.lapse
• e.lapse

lat- =bring out

• re.lat.e
• trans.lat.e

lect-, lig-, leg- =choose, gather

• col.league
• col.lect
• di.lig.ent
• e.lect
• e.leg.ant
• intel.lect
• intel.lig.ent
• intel.lig.ible
• neg.lect
• se.lect

lev-,liev- =raise, lighten

• al.lev.i.ate
• e.lev.ate
• lev.el
• re.lev.ant
• re.lief

limin-, lim- =threshold

• e.limin.ate
• limit
• limp
• pre.limin.ary
• sub.lim.e
• sub.limin.al

line-, lign =line

• a.lign
• de.line.ate
• line.age
• line.ar

luc-, lust- =light,shine 光，照亮

• il.lustr.ate
• luc.id 透彻的
• trans.luc.ent 半透明
• e.luc.id.ate

man-, mani-, manu- = hand

• main.tain
• mani.fest: fest-=handle
• mani.pul.ate: pul- = 多ple-
• manu.fact.ure

ment-, mind- =mind 思考，神智

• auto.mate
• com.ment
• ment.al

meth- 甲，一

• meth.yl.ate: yl-基

mess-, mis-, miss-, mit- = send, cast

• ad.mit
• com.mit
• de.mis.e
• dis.miss
• e.miss.ion
• e.mit
• mess.age
• miss.ile
• miss.ion
• o.mit
• pre.mis.e
• pro.mis.e
• per.mit
• sub.mit
• trans.mit

mol- =heap 堆

• mol.ec.ec.ule

mut- =change

• com.mon
• com.mut.e
• mut.ate
• mut.ual

myri- 一万 无数

• myri.ad

nect- = bind

• con.nect

neg- =deny

• de.ny
• neg.lect
• neg.lig.ible
• neg.oti.ate

opt- =choose

• ad.opt
• opt.ion

organ- = instrument

• organ.ize

ori-, orig-, ort- =rise,begin

• ori.ent
• orig.in
• ab.ort流产

ortho- =right正，直

• ortho.dox
• ortho.log

pact-, pag-, pect- = fastened

• com.pact
• fast
• im.pact
• pro.pag.anda
• pro.pag.ate

path- =feeling, suffering

• sym.path.etic

para-

par-, pear- =come in sight 看见

• ap.par.ent
• ap.pear
• trans.par.ent

par- =equal

• com.par.e

ped-, =foot

• im·pede: im=in+ped=foot→把脚放进去→妨碍
  
  • Modeling epistasis in genomic selection is impeded by a high computational load.
  • In a progeny trial of P. pinaster seedlings, spatial heterogeneity and autocorrelation of neighbour mortality caused by A. ostoyae impeded proper analysis of the disease incidence.
  • the lack of a high-quality genome sequence has been an impediment to our understanding of its biology and evolution
  • Developing a predictive capacity that scales from genotype to phenotype is impeded by biological complexities associated with genetic controls, environmental effects and inter.act.ions among plant growth and development processes.
  • Similar efforts are made towards representation of space–time data, another important shortcoming of GIS that is impeding the integration of spatial and temporal processes in ecology

pel-, plus-, pol-, flit- = drive, push

• ap.peal
• com.pel
• com.puls.ion
• dis.pel
• ex.pel
• filt.er
• im.pel
• inter.pol.ate
• puls.e
• re.pel

pend- =hang 悬挂

• de.pend
• im.pend
• in.dis.pens.able
• sus.pend

per-, pir-, par-, peri- = try

• ex.per.ience
• em.pir.ic.al
• ex.peri.ment
• ex.pert
• parl.ous
• pir.ate

peri- 周围

• peri.meter
• peri.od
• peri.pher.al

pet- =seek

• ap.pet.ite
• com.pet.e
• im.pet.us
• per.pet.u.ate
• pet.ition
• re.peat

phan-, phen-, phas-, fant-, fan- = show 显示

• em.phas.is
• fant.asy
• phan.tom
• phas.is
• pheno.men.a
• syco.phant奉承，拍马屁

pict-, pig-, panit =paint

• de.pict
• pict.ure
• pig.ment

ple-, plen-, plet-, pli- = full, fill

• ac.com.pli.sh
• com.ple.ment
• com.plete
• com.pli.ment
• plen.ty
• sup.ply

plex-, plic-, pli-, ply- =fold 重叠 折叠

• com.plex
• im.plic.ate
• du.plic.ate
• ex.plic.it
• com.plic.ate
• im.ply
• simple

plor- =cry, weep

• ex.plor.e

popul-, publ- = people

• people
• popul.ar
• publ.ic
• publ.ish
• re.publ.ic

pos-, posit- =put

• ap.pos.ite
• com.pos.e
• de.posit
• ex.pos.e
• im.pos.e
• op-pose
• pos.ition
• pos.itive
• pro.pos.e
• pur.pos.e
• sup.pos.e
• trans.pos.e

port-, ford- =harbor引申为门口、搬运

• op. port.une
• port.folio: folio-=leaf 文件夹、公文包
• sup.port

poss-, pot- 有力的 powerful， capable of

• poss·ess
• poss·ible

prag-, pract-, prax- =deed 行为

• pract.ice

prais-, preci-, pret-, pric- =value 价值 引申为买卖

• ap.prais.e
• ap.preci.able
• ap.preci.ate
• inter.pret
• prec.ious

prehens-, prehend- =catch 来自pre+hend抓住

• ap.prehens.ion
• com.prehend

prim- =first chief

• prim.ary
• prin.cip.al

pris- =take

• ap.pris.e
• com.pris.e
• enter.pris.e
• entre.pren.eur
• pris.on
• re.prise
• sur.prise

prob-, prov- =test

• ap.prov.e
• dis.prove
• im.prove
• prob.able
• prob.e
• prob.ity

proli- =offspring

• proli.fer.ate

prot-, proteo- 蛋白质

• prot.ein: - ine 化学名词后缀

pur-, purg- =pure

• im.pure
• prug.e

put- =think

• com.put.e
• im.put.e
• put.ative

quant- =amount

• quant.ify
• quant.it.ative

quest-, quir-, quis-, quer =seek search

• ac.quir.e
• ac.quis.ition
• con.quer
• en.quir.e
• in.quest
• pre.re.quis.ite
• quest.ion
• re.quire
• re.quis.ite

rang- =rank

• ar.rang.e

rect-, rig- =straight, right

• ad.dress: -dress同direct指导，导引
• cor.rect
• di.rect
• rect.angle
• rig.id
• rig.or

reg- =rule 规则, 直 move in a straight line. rack &reach是同根词，由拉伸、垂直演变出来

• rack
• rail
• reach
• realm
• reg.ime
• reg.ion
• reg.ular -ular形容词 有…性质或形状
• reign
• rich
• royal
• rule

riv- =stream

• ar.riv.e
• de.riv.e
• riv.al

robor- =strength

• cor.robor.ate
• robust

scend-, scens-, scent- =climb

• a.scent
• de.scend
• tran.scend

scrib-, script- =write

• a.scrib.e 把…写上去——归因于
• de.scribe
• manu.script
• pre.scribe
• sub.scribe
• sub.script 下标
• trans.scrib.e

secut-, sequ-, su- =follow

• con.secut.ive
• con.sequ.ence
• exec.ute
• extrin.sic
• intrin.sic
• pre.secute
• pro.secute
• pur.sue
• sub.sequ.ent

seri- =heavy

• seri.ous

serv- =serve, keep

• con.serv.e
• de.serv.e
• ob.serv.e
• pre.serv.e
• re.serv.e

sid-, sed-, sess- =sit

• as.sess
• re.side
• sad.dle
• sed.ent.ary
• sedi.ment
• sess.ion
• situ.ate
• super.sede

sider- =star

• con.sider

simil-, simul-, sem-, sembl- =alike, same 相类似，一样

• as.semble
• as.simil.ate
• re.semble
• seem
• simil.ar
• simul.ate
• simult.aneous

sist- =stand

• as.sist
• con.sist
• ex.ist
• per.sist
• re.sist

sol-, solid-, sold- =firm, whole

• con.solid.ate
• soldi.er
• solid

solv-, solu-, solut- =loosen

• ab.solut.e
• dis.solve
• in.solv.ent
• re.solute
• re.solve
• solut.ion
• sovl.e

soph- =wise

• philo.soph.er: philo- =love
• sopho.ore

speci- =look kind 外观 种类

• spec.ial
• speci.es
• speci.men
• speci.ous

spect-, spic- =look,see

• a.spect
• con.spic.uous
• de.spic.able
• de.spise
• ex.pect
• in.spect
• per.spect.ive
• pro.spect
• re.spect
• retro.spect
• spect.acle
• spectr.um
• specul.ate
• sus.pect
• sus.spic.ious

spond-, spons-, spous- =promise

• e.spous.e
• re.spond
• re.sponse
• spons.er
• spont.aneous
• spouse

soci-, socio- =companion 同伴 社会

• as.soci.ate
• soc.ial

sting-, stinct-, stimul- =prick 刺 刺激

• di.stinct
• di.stingu.ish
• stimul.ate

strain-, strict-, string-, stress- =tighten 拉紧

st-, sta-, stat-, stan-, stand-, stin- =stand

• circum.st.ance
• con.stant
• contra.st
• co.st
• de.stine
• di.st.ance
• ec.stas.y
• epi.stat.ic epi- 在…上面 在…外面
• e.stab.lish
• e.state
• in.st.ance
• in.st.ant
• in.stead
• ob.st.acle
• st.able
• stad.ium
• st.aff
• st.age
• stand
• state
• stat.ic
• stat.ion
• stat.ist.ics ics- 学科 学术
• stat.ue
• stat.ure
• stay
• steer
• still
• store
• sub.st.ance
• sub.stant.ial
• sy.stem

struct- build

• con.struct
• de.stroy
• indu.stry
• in.struct
• in.stru.ment
• ob.struct
• struct.ure

sult- =leap

• as.sault
• in.sult
• re.sult

sum-, sumpt- =take 复合词根 sub- + empt-（买）

• as.sum.e
• con.sum.e
• pre.sum.e
• re.sum.e
• sub.sum.e

tact-, tag-, tig-, ting- =touch

• con.tact
• con.tag.ious
• con.tig.uous
• con.ting.ency
• in.tang.ible
• tang.ible

tail- =cut

• de.tail
• en.tail
• re.tail
• tail.or

tain-, ten- ,tin- =hold

• at.tain
• con.tain
• con.tent
• con.tin.ent一块未分割的土地
• con.tin.ue
• de.tain
• enter.tain
• main.tain
• ob.tain
• per.tain
• per.tin.ent
• re.tain
• sus.tain
• ten.able
• tenure a tenured pro.fess.or

tect- =cover

• de.tect
• pro.tect

tend-, tent-, tens- =strech 伸展

• at.tend
• con.tend
• ex.tend
• ex.tent
• hyper.tens.ion
• in.tend
• in.tent.ion
• pre.tend

term-, termin- =limit 界限

• de.termin.e
• long.term
• termin.al
• termin.us

thet-,the-,thes-,thec-=setting

• syn.thet.ic
• hypo.thes.is
• par.en.thes.is

trad-, treas- 移交 由trans-+don-组成

• be.tray
• tra.dit.ion: dit- 给予
• trait.or

trag-, tract- =draw

• ab.stract
• at.tract
• con.tract
• ex.tract
• in.tract.able
• pro.tract
• trig.g.er

trench-, trunc- =cut

• en.trench
• trunc.ate

tribut- 部落，引申为贡品，给予

• con.tribut.e
• at.tribut.e
• dis.tribut.e

tric-, trig- =preety obstacle

• in.tric.ate
• in.trig.ue
• trick

ubiqu- =everywhere到处

• ubiqu.ty
• ubiqu.it.ous

ultim- =last

• ultim.ate

und- =wave

• ab.o.und
• red.und.ant
• sur.ro.und

- ule 小…

• caps.ule
• mod.ule
• mol.ec.ule

vail-, val- =strong worth 强壮 价值

• ambi.val.ent
• equi.val.ence
• pre.vail
• val.i.ant
• val.id
• val.ue

vel-, velop- =to cover 盖上;=veil膜

• de.velop
• en.velop
• re.veal
• re.vel.ation

vent-,ven-, =come

• ad.vent
• con.ven.e
• con.ven.i.ent
• in.vent
• inter.vent.ion
• re.ven.ue→回来的东西→收入

verg- = to turn, to bend

• con.verg.e
• di.verg.e

ver-, vert-,vers-, vir-, wr- =turn

• ad.vers.e
• ad.vert
• anni.vers.ary
• contro.vers.y
• di.vers.e
• wr.eck
• wr.ench
• wr.est
• wr.ist

vestige- =foot, print, track

• in.vestig.ate

vis-, vid-,hist-, view, g.uid =see

• ad.vic.e
• en.vis.age
• e.vid.ent
• dis.guise
• guide
• hist.roy
• pro.vid.e
• tele.vis.e
• vis.ual

voc-, vok-, vouc-, vow-, voic- =call voice喊叫 声音

vol-,volv-,volut- =roll, turn卷 转

• e.volut.ion
• e.volv.e
• in.volv.e
• re.volut.ion
• vol.ume