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After each PAT, the PAT Center will announce the ranking of institutions based on their students’ performances. Now you are asked to generate the ranklist.Input Specification:Each input file contain...

1146 Topological OrderThis is a problem given in the Graduate Entrance Exam in 2018: Which of the following is NOT a topological order obtained from the given directed graph? Now you are supposed to ...

1073 Scientific NotationScientific notation is the way that scientists easily handle very large numbers or very small numbers. The notation matches the regular expression [±][1-9].[0-9]+E[±][0-9]+ wh...

1077 KuchiguseThe Japanese language is notorious for its sentence ending particles. Personal preference of such particles can be considered as a reflection of the speaker’s personality. Such a prefer...

1081 Rational SumGiven N rational numbers in the form numerator/denominator, you are supposed to calculate their sum.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts wit...

1084 Broken KeyboardOn a broken keyboard, some of the keys are worn out. So when you type some sentences, the characters corresponding to those keys will not appear on screen.Now given a string that...

1088 Rational ArithmeticFor two rational numbers, your task is to implement the basic arithmetics, that is, to calculate their sum, difference, product and quotient.Input Specification:Each input f...

1133 Splitting A Linked ListGiven a singly linked list, you are supposed to rearrange its elements so that all the negative values appear before all of the non-negatives, and all the values in [0, K]...

1134 Vertex CoverA vertex cover of a graph is a set of vertices such that each edge of the graph is incident to at least one vertex of the set. Now given a graph with several vertex sets, you are sup...

1145 Hashing - Average Search TimeThe task of this problem is simple: insert a sequence of distinct positive integers into a hash table first. Then try to find another sequence of integer keys from t...

1026 Table TennisA table tennis club has N tables available to the public. The tables are numbered from 1 to N. For any pair of players, if there are some tables open when they arrive, they will be a...

1030 Travel PlanA traveler’s map gives the distances between cities along the highways, together with the cost of each highway. Now you are supposed to write a program to help a traveler to decide th...

1142 Maximal CliqueA clique is a subset of vertices of an undirected graph such that every two distinct vertices in the clique are adjacent. A maximal clique is a clique that cannot be extended by in...

1129 Recommendation SystemRecommendation system predicts the preference that a user would give to an item. Now you are asked to program a very simple recommendation system that rates the user’s prefe...

1130 Infix ExpressionGiven a syntax tree (binary), you are supposed to output the corresponding infix expression, with parentheses reflecting the precedences of the operators.Input Specification:Ea...

1054 The Dominant ColorBehind the scenes in the computer’s memory, color is always talked about as a series of 24 bits of information for each pixel. In an image, the color with the largest proportio...

1058 A+B in HogwartsIf you are a fan of Harry Potter, you would know the world of magic has its own currency system -- as Hagrid explained it to Harry, "Seventeen silver Sickles to a Galleon and twen...

1061 DatingSherlock Holmes received a note with some strange strings: Let’s date! 3485djDkxh4hhGE 2984akDfkkkkggEdsb s&hgsfdk d&Hyscvnm. It took him only a minute to figure out that those str...

1065 A+B and C (64bit)Given three integers A, B and C in [−2​63​​ ,2​63​​ ], you are supposed to tell whether A+B>C.Input Specification:The first line of the input gives the positive number ...

1069 The Black Hole of NumbersFor any 4-digit integer except the ones with all the digits being the same, if we sort the digits in non-increasing order first, and then in non-decreasing order, a new ...

1092 To Buy or Not to BuyEva would like to make a string of beads with her favorite colors so she went to a small shop to buy some beads. There were many colorful strings of beads. However the owner ...

1096 Consecutive Factors1096 Consecutive Factors （20 分）Among all the factors of a positive integer N, there may exist several consecutive numbers. For example, 630 can be factored as 3×5×6×7, where ...

1100 Mars NumbersPeople on Mars count their numbers with base 13:Zero on Earth is called “tret” on Mars.The numbers 1 to 12 on Earch is called “jan, feb, mar, apr, may, jun, jly, aug, sep, oct, nov...

1140 Look-and-say Sequence题目链接Look-and-say sequence is a sequence of integers as the following:D, D1, D111, D113, D11231, D112213111, …where D is in [0, 9] except 1. The (n+1)st number is a kind o...

1144 The Missing NumberGiven N integers, you are supposed to find the smallest positive integer that is NOT in the given list.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case. For each ca...

1148 Werewolf - Simple Version题目链接Werewolf（狼人杀） is a game in which the players are partitioned into two parties: the werewolves and the human beings. Suppose that in a game,player #1 said: “Player ...

1015 Reversible PrimesA reversible prime in any number system is a prime whose “reverse” in that number system is also a prime. For example in the decimal system 73 is a reversible prime because its ...

1022 Digital LibraryA Digital Library contains millions of books, stored according to their titles, authors, key words of their abstracts, publishers, and published years. Each book is assigned an un...

1018 Public Bike ManagementThere is a public bike service in Hangzhou City which provides great convenience to the tourists from all over the world. One may rent a bike at any station and return it t...

1053 Path of Equal Weight题目链接Given a non-empty tree with root R, and with weight W​i​​ assigned to each tree node T​i​​ . The weight of a path from R to L is defined to be the sum of the weights ...

Subway MapIn the big cities, the subway systems always look so complex to the visitors. To give you some sense, the following figure shows the map of Beijing subway. Now you are supposed to help peop...

1136 A Delayed Palindrome题目链接Consider a positive integer N written in standard notation with k+1 digits a​i​​ as a​k​​ ⋯a​1​​ a​0​​ with 0≤a​i​​ <10 for all i and a​k​​ >0. Then ...

1132 Cut IntegerCutting an integer means to cut a K digits lone integer Z into two integers of (K/2) digits long integers A and B. For example, after cutting Z = 167334, we have A = 167 and B = 334. ...

1150 Travelling Salesman ProblemThe “travelling salesman problem” asks the following question: “Given a list of cities and the distances between each pair of cities, what is the shortest possible rou...

1104 Sum of Number SegmentsGiven a sequence of positive numbers, a segment is defined to be a consecutive subsequence. For example, given the sequence { 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 }, we have 10 segments: (0....

1108 Finding AverageThe basic task is simple: given N real numbers, you are supposed to calculate their average. But what makes it complicated is that some of the input numbers might not be legal. A ...

1120 Friend NumbersTwo integers are called “friend numbers” if they share the same sum of their digits, and the sum is their “friend ID”. For example, 123 and 51 are friend numbers since 1+2+3 = 5+1 ...

1116 Come on! Let’s C“Let’s C” is a popular and fun programming contest hosted by the College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University. Since the idea of the contest is for fun, the aw...

1124 Raffle for Weibo FollowersJohn got a full mark on PAT. He was so happy that he decided to hold a raffle（抽奖） for his followers on Weibo – that is, he would select winners from every N followers w...

1128 N Queens PuzzleThe “eight queens puzzle” is the problem of placing eight chess queens on an 8×8 chessboard so that no two queens threaten each other. Thus, a solution requires that no two queens...