文章目录
- Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
- Section C
- Passage One
- Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
- 2023-03-01-46.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—“error”替换为“mistake”
- 2023-03-01-47.—细节辨认题—难—同义替换—“Too much faith in”替换为“overconfident in”
- 2023-03-01-48.—细节辨认题—难—同义替换—“feel like a personal attack”替换为“offend冒犯”
- 2023-03-01-49.—细节辨认题—难—定位难，同义替换“difficult to accept suggestions”替换为“have a hard time accepting feedback”，—由“hinder their growth and performance阻碍他们的成长和表现”推出“suffer in their professional and private life会在职业和个人生活中受挫”
- 2023-03-01-50.—推理判断题—由“push people too hard把别人逼得太紧了”推出“increasing pressure越来越大的压力”
- Passage Two
- Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
- 2023-03-01-51.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—new set of employer standards or skills requirements替换为help them to meet new employment standards
- 2023-03-01-52.—细节辨认题—找关键词“courses for free”和“refugees”
- 2023-03-01-53.—推理判断题—难—由“employment is becoming a global concern就业正成为全球关注的问题”推出“Refugees find it more difficult to get a job难民发现更难找到工作”
- 2023-03-01-54.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换“language barriers can be a big obstacle”替换为“Lack of language skills”
- 2023-03-01-55.—推理判断题—找到最核心的词“benefit”，而不是“career”
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
It’s good to be smart.After all,intelligent people earn more money,accumulate more wealth,and even live longer.But there’s another side to the story.The brightest people and strongest leaders sometimes make errors others don’t,especially in situations that require common sense.
Travis Bradberry,president at TalentSmart,explained in his post Why Smart People Act So Stupid that "Rational thinking and intelligence don’t tend to go hand in hand.Intelligent people are more prone to silly mistakes because of blind spots in how they use logic.These blind spots exist because smart people tend to be overconfident in their reasoning abilities."They are so used to being right and having quick answers that they don’t even realise when they’re making a mess by answering without thinking things through.
A lifetime of praise leads smart people to develop too much faith in their intelligence and abilities.They often fail to recognise when they need help,and when they do recognise it,they tend to believe that no one else is capable of providing it.
"It’s hard for anyone to graciously accept the fact that they’re wrong.It’s even harder for smart people because they grow so used to beingright all the time that it becomes a part of theiridentity,"Bradberry wrote.“For smart people,being wrong can feel like a personal attack,and being right,a necessity.”
Smart people also have a hard time accepting feedback.They tend to undervalue the opinions of others, which means they have trouble believing that anyone is qualified to give them useful feedback.Not only does this tendency hinder their growth and performance,it can lead to harmful relationships,both personally and professionally.
Smart people develop overachieving personalities because things come so easily to them.They simply don’t understand how hard some people have to work to accomplish the same things,and because of that,they push people too hard.They set the bar too high,and when people take too long or don’t get things quite right,they assume it’s due to a lack of effort.So they push even harder.
- 概览
本文节选自网站www.bbc.com 2015年11月19日发表的一篇题为“Why Smart People Act So Stupid”的文章。文章指出，聪明人有时会犯一些其他人不会犯的错误，因为他们对自己过于自信。聪明人除了很难接受自己错了的事实之外，还很难接受反馈。他们往往会把人逼得太紧。
- 全文翻译
聪明是好事。毕竟，聪明人赚得更多，积累的财富也更多，甚至寿命也更长。但是，故事还有另一面。[46] 最聪明的人和最强的领导者有时候会犯一些其他人不会犯的错误，尤其是在需要常识的情况下。
TalentSmart公司的总裁特拉维斯 ·布拉德伯里在他的帖子“为什么聪明 人表现得如此愚蠢”中解释道：“理性思维和智力往往不是密切相关的。 [47]聪明人更容易犯愚蠢的错误，因为他们在运用逻辑方面存在盲点。这些 盲点之所以存在，是因为聪明人往往对自己的推理能力过干自信。 ”他们 太习惯于正确和快速回答，以至于当他们因为没有进行充分的思考就作答复 而把事情搞得一团糟时，他们甚至都没有意识到。
一生的赞美会导致聪明人过于相信自己的智慧和能力。他们常常无法意 识到自己什么时候需要帮助，而当他们的确意识到自己需要帮助时，他们往往认为没有其他人能够提供帮助。
“任何人都很难欣然接受自己错了的事实。对聪明人来说就更难了，因 为他们已经习惯于自己总是对的，以至于这成了他们身份的一部分。”布拉德伯里写道。[48]“对于聪明人来说，犯错就像是一种人身攻击，而正确则是必要的。”
[49]聪明人也很难接受反馈。他们倾向于低估其他人的意见，这意味着 他们很难相信有人有资格给予他们有用的反馈。[49]这种倾向不仅会阻碍他们的成长和表现，还会对个人和职业上的人际关系有害。
聪明人会养成争强好胜的性格，因为事情对他们来说太容易了。他们根本不明白一些人为了完成同样的事情需要付出多大的努力，正因为如此，他们把别人逼得太紧了。[50]他们把标准定得太高了，当人们花了太长时间或者没有把事情做得很好的时候，他们会认为这是由于缺乏努力所致。所以他们会逼得更紧。
- 重难点词汇及短语
- intelligent adj.聪明的
- accumulate v.积累
- error n. 错误
- common sense常识
- rational adj.理性的
- go hand inhand密切相关
- be prone to易于 …… ，有 ……的倾向
- blind spot 盲点
- logic n.逻辑
- make a mess 弄得一团糟
- graciously adv.有风度地，优雅地
- identity n.身份；特性
- feedback n.反馈
- undervalue v.低 估
- qualified adj.有资格的
- hinder v.阻碍
- professionally adv.在职业上
- overachieve v.争强好胜；过于进取；学习或工作得比预期好
- push v.逼迫，督促；推
- set the bar 设定标准
- assume v.以为；假定
2023-03-01-46.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—“error”替换为“mistake”
- What do we learn from the passage about the brightest people? 【原文：The brightest people and strongest leaders sometimes make errors others don’t,especially in situations that require common sense.】
A. They can make silly mistakes in straightforward situations.
B. They usually turn a blind eye to their own weaknesses.
C. They are admired by people around them.
D. They can differ in their personalities.
46.关于最聪明的人，我们从文章中了解到什么?
A. 他们会在简单的情况下犯愚蠢的错误。
B. 他们通常对自己的弱点视而不见。
C. 他们受到周围人的钦佩。
D. 他们的个性可能不同。
根据题干关键词the brightest people可以将答案定位到第一段最后一句。
第一段最后一句指出，最聪明的人和最强的领导者有时候会犯一些其他人不会犯的错误，尤其是在需要常识的情况下。需要常识的情况，其实就是简单的情况，因为常识应该是人人都知道的。由此可知，最聪明的人在一些简单的情况下会犯愚蠢的错误，故本题应选A。
选项B 、C 、D的内容文章都没有提及，可以排除。
2023-03-01-47.—细节辨认题—难—同义替换—“Too much faith in”替换为“overconfident in”
- What accounts for the existence of intelligent people’s logical blind spots?【原文：These blind spots exist because smart people tend to be overconfident in their reasoning abilities."They are so used to being right and having quick answers that they don’t even realise when they’re making a mess by answering without thinking things through.】
A. Their irrational way of thinking.
B. Too much faith in their ability to think.
C. Their ignorance of behavioural science.
D. Too much concern about their work.
47.是什么原因导致聪明人存在逻辑盲点?
A. 他们的非理性思维方式。
B. 他们过于相信自己的思考能力。
C. 他们对于行为科学的无知。
D. 他们过于关心自己的工作。
根据题干关键词logical blind spots可以将答案定位到第二段。
第二段引语中的第二句指出，聪明人更容易犯愚蠢的错误，因为他们在运用逻辑方面存在盲点。接着下一句指出原因，这些盲点之所以存在，是因为聪明人往往对自己的推理能力过于自信。由此可知，本题应选 B 。B选项中的Too much faith in与原文中的overconfident in是同义替换。
其余三项文中未提及，故排除。
2023-03-01-48.—细节辨认题—难—同义替换—“feel like a personal attack”替换为“offend冒犯”
- How do smart people react when they are found to be wrong?【原文：“For smart people,being wrong can feel like a personal attack,and being right,a necessity.”】
A. They shift the blame to others.
B. They graciously accept the facts.
C. They may feel shocked.
D. They may get offended.
48.当聪明人被发现自己错了时，他们会有什么反应?
A. 他们把责任推到别人身上。
B. 他们欣然接受这一事实。
C. 他们可能会感到震惊。
D. 他们可能会被冒犯。
根据题干关键词found to be wrong可以将答案定位到第四段。
第四段指出，任何人都很难欣然接受自己错了的事实，对聪明人来说就更难了。第四段最后一句指出，对于聪明人来说，犯错就像是一种人身攻击。对比四个选项，只有 “他们可能会被冒犯” 与原文一致，故选 D。
选项A和C文章没有提到，可排除。选项B与原文意思相反，也可以排除。
2023-03-01-49.—细节辨认题—难—定位难，同义替换“difficult to accept suggestions”替换为“have a hard time accepting feedback”，—由“hinder their growth and performance阻碍他们的成长和表现”推出“suffer in their professional and private life会在职业和个人生活中受挫”
- What may happen to smart people who find it difficult to accept suggestions?【原文：Smart people also have a hard time accepting feedback.They tend to undervalue the opinions of others, which means they have trouble believing that anyone is qualified to give them useful feedback.Not only does this tendency hinder their growth and performance,it can lead to harmful relationships,both personally and professionally.】
A. They may suffer in their professional and private life.
B. They may lose faith in theiradministrative abilities.
C. They may commit more errors than ever before.
D. They may experience a lot of emotional stress.
49.对于那些觉得难以接受建议的聪明人来说，可能会发生什么?
A. 他们可能会在职业和个人生活中受挫。
B. 他们可能不再相信自己的管理能力。
C. 他们可能会犯比以往更多的错误。
D. 他们可能会经受很大的情绪压力 。
根据题干关键词difficult to accept suggestions可以将答案定位到倒数第二段。suggestions 与原文中的 feedback属于同义替换。
倒数第二段指出，聪明人也很难接受反馈，这种倾向不仅会阻碍他们的成长和表现，还会对个人和职业上的人际关系有害。也就是说，因为聪明人很难接受别人的建议，所以这会导致他们在个人生活和职业上遭受一些挫折，故选项A正确。
其余三项文章中均没有提及，故排除。
2023-03-01-50.—推理判断题—由“push people too hard把别人逼得太紧了”推出“increasing pressure越来越大的压力”
- What is said about those working with or under overachieving people?【原文：Smart people develop overachieving personalities because things come so easily to them.They simply don’t understand how hard some people have to work to accomplish the same things,and because of that,they push people too hard.They set the bar too high,and when people take too long or don’t get things quite right,they assume it’s due to a lack of effort.So they push even harder.】
A. They put a lot of effort into their work.
B. They set higher goals for themselves.
C. They are under increasing pressure.
D. They take less time to get things done.
50.对于那些与争强好胜的人一起工作或在其手下工作的人，文章中说了什么?
A. 他们在工作中付出了很多努力。
B. 他们为自己设定了更高的目标。
C. 他们承受着越来越大的压力。
D. 他们花更少的时间来完成工作。
根据题干关键词overachieving people可以将答案定位到最后一段。
最后一段指出，聪明人会养成争强好胜的性格，因为事情对他们来说太容易了。他们根本不明白一些人为了完成同样的事情需要付出多大的努力，正因为如此，他们把别人逼得太紧了。他们把标准定得太高了，当人们花了太长时间或者没有把事情做得很好的时候，他们会认为这是由于缺乏努力所致。所以他们会逼得更紧。由此可知，与争强好胜的人一起工作或者在其手下工作的人会承受越来越大的压力，故本题选 C。
选项A比较容易误选，原文是说要想完成相同的事情，其他人要付出很多努力，并没有说争强好胜者的同事或部下工作都特别努力，故排除。
选项B 与原文不符，原文是说聪明人设定了太高的标准，而不是其同事或手下，故排除。
选项D与原文相反，他们应该是花更多的时间来完成工作，故排除。
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Of the endless troubles that come with being driven from one’s home country,losingeducational certificates may seem small.But it isn’t.Refugees who settle in other countries often find themselves unable to continue on their previous career path due to a new set of employer standards or skills requirements.To solve this problem, the U.S.State Department is posing a solution:online learning.
The State Department will announce a partnership with an online education platform called Coursera.The platform will allow refugees worldwide to take thousands of online courses for free.“Coursera for Refugees” will be available for any non-profit group that supports refugees in any country,as well as individual refugees. They can apply for fully funded access to Coursera’s course catalog,which means they can take all of the platform’s classes and obtainprofessional certificates for free.The platform currently offers professor-led lectures on a broad range of topics,from data science to fashion design.
As the world migrant crisis intensifies,employment is becoming a global concern.The new program aims to aid refugees by offering"important skills that will help them in the global economy,"Evan Ryan,U.S.assistant secretary of state for educational and cultural affairs,said on a press call last week."What we don’t want to do is not act,"added Coursera chief operations officer Lila Ibrahim.
The idea isn’t without problems.For one,starting a new career path isn’t as simple as watching a few videos and obtaining an online certificate;even those looking to continue previous careers can’t simply rely on an online lecture to get them up-to-date on standards,policies,and practices.For another,most of the classes on Coursera are in English,and though there are plans to add translations,language barriers can be a big obstacle.Then there are the questions over the value of massive open online courses(MOOCs)themselves—both for refugees and for average learners.
But it’s still early days and there are signs of hope.In 2015,a joint study found 72%of people taking the MOOCs saw career benefits afterwards.
2023-03-01-51.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—new set of employer standards or skills requirements替换为help them to meet new employment standards
- Why is the U.S.State Department launching an online learning program for refugees?【原文：Refugees who settle in other countries often find themselves unable to continue on their previous career path due to a new set of employer standards or skills requirements.To solve this problem, the U.S.State Department is posing a solution:online learning.】
A. To enable them to settle down in host countries.
B. To allow them to learn as many job skills as possible.
C. To offer them a platform to pursue advanced degrees.
D. To help them to meet new employment standards.
51. 美国国务院为什么要为难民启动一个在线学习项目？
A.使他们能够在东道国定居。
B.让他们学习尽可能多的工作技能。
C.为他们提供攻读更高学位的平台。
D.帮助他们达到新的就业标准。
根据题干关键词U.S. State Department和online learning program可以将答案定位到第一段最后一句。但是题干问的是原因，在定位句前后寻找，发现原因在第一段倒数第二句。
第一段最后两句指出，在其他国家定居的难民经常会发现，由于有一套新的雇主标准或技能要求，他们无法继续自己原来的职业道路了。为了解决这个问题，美国国务院提出了一个解决方案：在线学习。由此可知，美国国务院为难民启动在线学习计划是为了帮他们达到新的就业标准，故选项D正确。其余三项都是利用原文出现的词设置的干扰项，意思与原文不符，故排除。
2023-03-01-52.—细节辨认题—找关键词“courses for free”和“refugees”
- What do we know about “Coursera for Refugees”?【原文：The platform will allow refugees worldwide to take thousands of online courses for free.“Coursera for Refugees” will be available for any non-profit group that supports refugees in any country,as well as individual refugees. 】
A. It provides refugees with a wide range of courses free of charge.
B. It offers free online data services for refugees around the world.
C. It allows refugees to obtain degrees in various academic fields.
D. It supplies refugees with a great variety of job opportunities.
52. 我们对“难民课程”了解多少？
A.它为难民免费提供各种课程。
B.它为世界各地的难民提供免费的在线数据服务。
C.它允许难民获得各种学术领域的学位。
D.它为难民提供了各种各样的工作机会。
根据题干关键问“Coursera for Refugees可以将答案定位到第二段。
第二段第三句指出，“难民免费公开课”项目将适用于任何支持各国难民的非营利组织以及难民个人。接着指出，他们可以免费学习该平台的所有课程，并获得职业证书。该平台目前提供教授主导的讲座，主题十分广泛，从数据科学到时装设计都有。由此可知，“难民免费公开课”为难民免费提供广泛的课程，故选项A正确。选项B错在提供的不是免费的“数据服务”，而是课程。原文提到可以获得职业证书，但是没有提到可以获得学位和就业机会，故选项C和D可以排除。
2023-03-01-53.—推理判断题—难—由“employment is becoming a global concern就业正成为全球关注的问题”推出“Refugees find it more difficult to get a job难民发现更难找到工作”
- What does the passage say is a consequence of the global migrant crisis?【原文：As the world migrant crisis intensifies,employment is becoming a global concern.The new program aims to aid refugees by offering "important skills that will help them in the global economy,"Evan Ryan,U.S.assistant secretary of state for educational and cultural affairs,said on a press call last week."What we don’t want to do is not act,"added Coursera chief operations officer Lila Ibrahim.】
A. Instability increases in host countries.
B. The global economic crisis intensifies.
C. A lot more refugees die during migration.
D. Refugees find it more difficult to get a job.
53. 文章说全球移民危机的后果是什么？
A.东道国的不稳定性增加。
B.全球经济危机加剧。
C.更多的难民在移民过程中死亡。
D.难民发现更难找到工作。
根据题干关键词global migrant crisis可以将答案定位到第三段。
第三段第一句指出，随着世界移民危机的加剧，就业正成为全球关注的问题。然后接着说，这一新计划旨在通过提供重要技能来帮助难民。上文也一直在讲难民就业难的问题。由此可知，移民危机的后果之一就是难民很难找到工作，故选项D正确。其他三项原文没有提及，可以排除。
2023-03-01-54.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换“language barriers can be a big obstacle”替换为“Lack of language skills”
- What does the author say causes refugees’difficulty in taking online courses?【原文：For one,starting a new career path isn’t as simple as watching a few videos and obtaining an online certificate;even those looking to continue previous careers can’t simply rely on an online lecture to get them up-to-date on standards,policies,and practices.For another,most of the classes on Coursera are in English,and though there are plans to add translations,language barriers can be a big obstacle.Then there are the questions over the value of massive open online courses(MOOCs)themselves—both for refugees and for average learners.】
A. Cultural environment
B. Changed academic requirements.
C. Lack of language skills.
D. Difference in teaching platforms.
54. 作者认为是什么原因导致难民难以接受在线课程？
A.文化环境
B.改变了学术要求。
C.缺乏语言技能。
D.教学平台的差异。
本题的题干关键词是dificulty in taking onlinc courses，原文虽然没有原词重现，但是根据出题顺序与原文顺序基本一致的原则可将答案定位到第四段。
C 第四段指出了在线课程的一些弊端。一方面，光靠看视频并获得在线证书并不够，也不能简单地依靠在线讲座来了解最新的标准、政策和实践。另一方面，因为大多数课程是英语授课，所以语言障碍也是一个很大的阻碍。最后是大型开放式网络课程本身的价值问题。由此可知，缺乏语言技能是导致难民参加在线课程有困难的原因。其余三个选项的内容原文没有提及，均排除。
2023-03-01-55.—推理判断题—找到最核心的词“benefit”，而不是“career”
- What did the joint study find about the MOOCs several years ago?【原文：But it’s still early days and there are signs of hope.In 2015,a joint study found 72%of people taking the MOOCs saw career benefits afterwards.】
A. They helped solve learners’financial problems.
B. They benefited most of the learners.
C. They changed some learners’career path.
D. They provided the most needed vocational skills.
55. 几年前关于MOOC的联合研究发现了什么？
A.他们帮助学生解决经济问题。
B.他们使大多数学习者受益。
C.他们改变了一些学习者的职业道路。
D.他们提供最需要的职业技能。
根据题干关键词the joint study和MOOCs将答案定位到最后一段第二句。
最后一段第二句指出，2015年，一项联合研究发现，有72%的人在学习了MOOC课程之后看到了职业发展的好处。由此可知，学习了MOOC课程之后，大部分人(72%)从中受益了，故选项B正确。选项A和D原文没有提及，可以排除。选项C错在原文只是说人们承认在职业方面受益了，并没有说改变了职业道路，故排除。
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