2023 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）——阅读版——仔细阅读题

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Team-building exercises have become popular for managers trying to increase organisational and team harmony and productivity. Unfortunately many employees resent compulsory bonding and often regard these exercises as a nuisance.
  A paper published this week by University of Sydney researchers in Social Networks has reported participants’ feelings about team-building interventions (干预), revealing ethical implications in forcing employees to take part.
  “Many people see team building activities as a waste of time, so we decided to look in more depth at what’s behind this,” said the paper’s lead researcher, Dr Peter Matous.
  “Teams are formed, combined and restructured. Staff are relocated and office spaces redesigned. All this is done with the aim of improving workplace efficiency, collaboration and cohesion. But does any of this work?” said Dr Matous .
  The study found that team-building exercises which focused on the sharing of and intervening into personal attitudes and relationships between team members were considered too heavy-handed and intrusive, although the researchers say some degree of openness and vulnerability is often necessary to make deep, effective connections with colleagues.
  “Some participants were against team-building exercises because they were implicitly compulsory. They didn’t welcome management’s interest in their lives beyond their direct work performance,” said Matous. “Many people don’t want to be forced into having fun or making friends, especially not on top of their busy jobs. They feel management is being too nosy or trying to control their lives too much.”
  In this study the researchers recommended a self-disclosure (表露) approach where participants were guided through a series of questions that allowed them to increasingly disclose personal information and values. The method is well-tested and has been shown to increase interpersonal closeness. However, to be successful it must be voluntary.
  The researchers said there are numerous schools of thought that propose differing psychological methods for strengthening relationships. “With caution, many relational methods to improve teams and organisations can be borrowed from other fields. The question is how to apply them effectively to strengthen an entire collective, which is more than just the sum of individual relationships,” said Dr Matous.

  团建活动对于试图提高组织性、团队和谐以及生产力的管理者来说已经变得很流行。(46)不幸的是，许多员工对于这种强制性的感情联络感到反感，且经常将其视为令人讨厌的事情。
  本周，悉尼大学的研究人员在《社交网络》上发表了一篇论文，报告了参与者对团队建设干预的感受， 揭示了强迫员工参与团建活动的道德问题。
  这篇论文的主要研究者彼得 · 马图斯博士说：“很多人认为团建活动是浪费时间，所以我们决定更加 深入地研究这背后的原因。”
  (47) 马图斯博士说：“形成、结合、重组团队，重新安置员工以及重新设计办公室。所有的这些都是为 了提高工作效率，提升合作及团队凝聚力。但是这些有用吗?”
  (48)研究发现，专注于分享和干预团队成员之间的个人态度和关系的团建活动被认为是拙劣且有侵犯性的，尽管研究人员表明一定程度上的开放性及脆弱性对于和同事发展深入的、有效的关系是有必要的 。
  马图斯博士说：“一些参与者反对团建活动，因为它们实际上是强制性的。他们并不欢迎管理者们对 他们的生活感兴趣，除了直接的工作绩效。很多人不想被强制获得乐趣或是结交朋友，尤其是不想在繁忙 的工作之余做这些。他们认为管理者们太爱管闲事并试图过多地控制他们的生活。”
  在这项研究中，研究者们推荐了一种自我表露方法，参与者们被引导回答一系列问题，这些问题让他 们逐渐地透露自己的个人信息和价值观。这种方法经过了充分的测试且已被证明可以提升人际关系的亲密度。(49)然而，想要成功，这必须是自愿的。
  研究者们说，有众多的流派提出不同的心理学方法来加强人际关系。(50)马图斯博士说：“在谨慎的情况下，很多相关的优化团队及组织的方法可以借鉴其他领域。问题是，如何有效地运用它们来加强整个集体，而不仅仅是个体关系的总和。”

2023-06-02-46.—细节辨认题—难—关键单词不认识nuisance/ˈnjuːsns/n. 麻烦事，讨厌的人（或事物、情况）；损害，妨害；骚扰行为，妨害行为。—同义替换，nuisance替换为annoying

46. Why are many employees opposed to team-building exercises?【原文：Unfortunately many employees resent compulsory bonding and often regard these exercises as a nuisance.】
    A. They consider such exercises annoying.
    B. They deem these exercises counter-productive.
    C. They see such exercises as harmful to harmony.
    D. They find these exercises too demanding.

46. 为什么许多员工反对团队建设活动？
A.他们认为这种练习很烦人。
B.他们认为这些演习适得其反。
C.他们认为这种运动对和谐有害。
D.他们觉得这些练习要求太高。

46.【定位】由题干中的 employees 和 opposed to team-building exercises定位到第一段第二句。

A【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，不幸的是，许多员工对于这种强制性的感情联络感到反感，且经常将其视为令人讨厌的事情，故答案为A。

【避错】B. “他们认为这些活动会适得其反”、C. “他们认为这些活动有碍于和谐”和D. “他们发现这些活动费时费力”在文中均未提及，故排除。

2023-06-02-47.—细节辨认题—难—“office spaces redesigned重新设计办公室”替换为“rearranged the staff and office spaces”

47. What did Dr Matous and his team do to find out whether team-building activities would improve productivity?【原文：“Teams are formed, combined and restructured. Staff are relocated and office spaces redesigned. All this is done with the aim of improving workplace efficiency, collaboration and cohesion. But does any of this work?” said Dr Matous .】
    A. They relocated team leaders and their offices.
    B. They rearranged the staff and office spaces.【rearrange v. 重新排列，重新整理；重新安排】
    C. They redesigned the staff’s work schedules.
    D. They reintroduced some cohesive activities.

47. 马图斯博士和他的团队做了什么来发现团队建设活动是否会提高生产力？
A.他们搬迁了团队领导和办公室。
B.他们重新安排了员工和办公空间。
C.他们重新设计了员工的工作时间表。
D.他们重新引入了一些有凝聚力的活动。

47.【定位】由题干中的Dr Matous and his team 和 improve productivity定位到第四段第一至三句。

B【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，形成、结合、重组团队，重新安置员工以及重新设计办公室。所有的这些都是为了提高工作效率，提升合作及团队凝聚力，故答案为B。

【避错】A. “他们重新安置了团队领导和他们的办公地点”、C. “他们重新设计了员工的时间表”和 D.“他们再次引入了一些凝聚性活动”在文中均未提及，故排除。

2023-06-02-48.—细节辨认题—难—选项A太多原词复现，大概率是错的；—同义替换“intrusive侵犯性的”替换为“intrusion侵犯”

48. What did the study by Matous’ team find about some team-building exercises?【原文：The study found that team-building exercises which focused on the sharing of and intervening into personal attitudes and relationships between team members were considered too heavy-handed and intrusive,although the researchers say some degree of openness and vulnerability is often necessary to make deep,effective connections with colleagues.】
    A. They were intended to share personal attitudes and relationships.
    B. They implicitly added to the vulnerability of team members.
    C. They invariably strengthened connections among colleagues.
    D. They were regarded as an intrusion into employees’ private lives.

48. Matous团队的研究发现了什么关于团队建设的练习？
A.它们的目的是分享个人态度和人际关系。
B.他们暗中增加了团队成员的脆弱性。
C.他们总是加强同事之间的联系。
D.它们被认为是对员工私生活的侵犯。

48.【定位】由题干中的Matous’ team和 some team-building exercises定位到第五段。

D【精析】细节辨认题。定位段表明，研究发现，专注于分享和干预团队成员之间的个人态度和关系的团建活动被认为是拙劣且有侵犯性的，尽管研究人员表明一定程度上的开放性及脆弱性对于和同事发展深入的、有效的关系是有必要的，故答案为 D。

【避错】第五段中提到，专注于分享和干预团队成员之间的个人态度和关系的团建活动被认为是拙劣且有侵犯性的，这不能说明团建活动就是为了分享个人态度和关系，故排除A。

B. “它们会隐性地增加团队成员的脆弱性”和C.“它们一直能够强化同事之间的关系”在文中并未提及，故排除。

2023-06-02-49.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换，“voluntary自愿的”替换为“volunteer to participate自愿参与的”

49. How can the self-disclosure approach succeed in increasing interpersonal closeness?【原文：The method is well-tested and has been shown to increase interpersonal closeness. However, to be successful it must be voluntary.】
    A. By allowing participants freedom to express themselves.
    B. By applying it to employees who volunteer to participate.
    C. By arranging in proper order the questions participants face.
    D. By guiding employees through a series of steps in team building.

49. 自我表露的方法如何能够成功地增加人际关系的亲密度？
A.允许参与者自由表达自己。
B.通过将其应用于自愿参与的员工。
C.按适当的顺序安排参与者面临的问题。
D.通过指导员工完成团队建设的一系列步骤。

49.【定位】由题干中的 the self-disclosure approach 和 interpersonal closeness 定位到第七段最后一句。
B【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，然而，想要成功，这必须是自愿的，故答案为B。

【避错】A. “通过让参与者们自由地表达自我”和 C. “通过按适当的顺序安排参与者要面对的问题” 在第七段中有所提及，但并非此方法成功的关键，故排除。

D. “通过引导员工完成团队建设的一系列步骤”在文中并未提及，故排除。

2023-06-02-50.—细节辨认题—难—“caution…improve…在谨慎的…下，提高…”替换为“cautiously to be effective谨慎使用才能有效”

50. What does Matous think of the various psychological methods borrowed from other fields for strengthening relationships?【原文： “With caution, many relational methods to improve teams and organisations can be borrowed from other fields. The question is how to apply them effectively to strengthen an entire collective, which is more than just the sum of individual relationships,” said Dr Matous.】
    A. They must be used in combination for an entire collective.
    B. They prioritise some psychological aspects over others.
    C. They place too much stress on individual relationships.
    D. They have to be applied cautiously to be effective.

50. Matous如何看待从其他领域借来的各种心理学方法来加强人际关系？
A.它们必须结合起来用于整个集体。
B.他们优先考虑某些心理方面。
C.他们过分强调个人关系。
D.必须谨慎使用才能有效。

50.【定位】由题干中的 the various psychological methods 和 other fields定位到最后一段第二句。

D【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出马图斯博士的观点：在谨慎的情况下，很多相关的优化团队及组织的方法可以借鉴其他领域，故答案为D。

【避错】文中提及了如何有效地运用这些心理方法来加强整个集体，但并不是说必须把这些方法结合起来用于整个集体，故排除 A 。
B. “它们优先考虑一些心理方面的因素”
和
C. “它们过于强调个人之间的关系”在文中并未提及，故排除。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  There are close to 58,000 homeless people in Los Angeles county. That’s a shocking and tragic number for a region that’s home to some of the richest people in the world. At last, the problem became so acute — and so visible — that Los Angeles took extraordinary action. The citizens of this county voted in November 2016 and again in March 2017 to raise their own taxes.The purpose of such action is to fund an enormous multibillion-dollar 10-year program of housing and social services for the homeless.
  As a result, Los Angeles now has its best chance in decades to combat homelessness. This is an opportunity that surely all can agree must not be wasted. It is neither desirable nor morally acceptable nor practical for this county to tolerate the signs of deprivation more commonly associated with the slums (贫民窟) of Rio de Janiero.
  How did we get here? For as long as there are homeless people, there is a tendency to blame the victims themselves for their condition — to see their failure to thrive as an issue of character, of moral weakness, of laziness. But contrary to popular belief, the homeless in Los Angeles are not mostly mentally ill or drug addicted or frightening, although a sizable minority meet some of those descriptions. Today, a greater and greater proportion of people living on the streets are there because of bad luck or a series of mistakes, or because the economy forgot them — they lost a job or were evicted (逐出) or fled an abusive marriage just as the housing market was growing increasingly unforgiving.
  The challenges are enormous, even if everyone is pulling in the same direction.That reality was driven home this month by a new Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority report showing that the county’s homeless population is growing faster than the supply of new housing.
  In the world’s richest nation, homelessness on this scale should be shameful and shocking. But most Los Angeles residents are no longer either shocked or shamed. Increasingly, we are uncomfortable, annoyed, disgusted, scared or unaware. Compassion (同情心) is being replaced by resignation.

  在洛杉矶县有将近58,000名无家可归者。对于一个居住着一些世界上最富有的人的地区而言，这是 一个令人震惊且可悲的数字。最终，问题变得如此严重且显而易见，以至于洛杉矶采取了非同寻常的行动。当地居民分别于2016年11月和2017年3月投票决定提高他们自己的税收。(51)此举的目的是为一项耗资数十亿美元、为期10年的项目提供资金，该项目为无家可归者提供住房和社会服务。
  因此，洛杉矶现在有了几十年以来解决无家可归者问题的最好机会。这是一个所有人都认为不能错 失的机会。对于洛杉矶来说，容忍与里约热内卢贫民窟联系在一起的贫困现象既不可取，也不合乎道德， 更不现实。
  我们是如何走到这一步的?(52)因为只要有无家可归者存在，人们就倾向于把他们的处境归咎于受害人自己——把他们的失败归于性格问题、道德缺失，或是懒惰。但与这些普遍观点相反的是，洛杉矶的无家可归者大多不是精神疾病患者，没有吸毒成瘾或令人感到害怕，尽管也有相当一小部分人符合这些描述。(53)如今，越来越多的人流落街头是因为他们运气不佳或是犯过一系列的错误，又或者是因为经济遗忘了他们——他们失去工作，或者被驱逐，又或者从一段不幸的婚姻中逃离，却又正赶上住房市场越来越无情。
  即使每个人都在朝着同一个方向努力，挑战仍然巨大。(54)但是现实让人深有感触，洛杉矶无家可归者服务局本月发布的一份新报告显示，该县无家可归者人口的增长速度超过新住房的提供速度。
  (55)在世界上最富有的国家中，这种规模的无家可归现象是可耻且令人震惊的。但大多数洛杉矶的居民们不再感到震惊或羞耻。我们越来越不适、恼怒、厌烦、害怕或者毫无察觉。同情心正在被逆来顺受 取代。

2023-06-02-51.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—“homeless无家可归”替换为“homelessness无家可归问题”

51. Why did the citizens of Los Angeles vote to raise their own taxes?【原文：The citizens of this county voted in November 2016 and again in March 2017 to raise their own taxes.The purpose of such action is to fund an enormous multibillion-dollar 10-year program of housing and social services for the homeless.】
    A. To combat the county’s homelessness.
    B. To reform the county’s service system.
    C. To fund the development of local infrastructure.
    D. To narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.

51. 为什么洛杉矶市民投票赞成提高他们自己的税收？
A.为了解决这个国家的无家可归问题。
B.改革县域服务体制。
C.资助地方基础设施的发展。
D.缩小贫富差距。

51.【定位】由题干中的the citizens of Los Angeles和 vote to raise their own taxes定位到首段最后一句。

A【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，此举的目的是为一项耗资数十亿美元、为期10年的项目提供资金，该项目为无家可归者提供住房和社会服务。由此可知，洛杉矶市民投票提高税收是为了解决城市中的无家可归问题，故答案为A。

【避错】“改革该县的服务系统”、“资助地方基础设施的发展”和“缩小贫富差距”在文中均未提及，故排除B、C和 D。

2023-06-02-52.—细节辨认题—题文同序原则—同义替换—“blame the victims themselves for their condition”替换为“are responsible for their own condition”

52. What do people tend to believe about the homeless?【原文：For as long as there are homeless people, there is a tendency to blame the victims themselves for their condition — to see their failure to thrive as an issue of character, of moral weakness, of laziness.】
    A. They seldom meet the descriptions of homelessness.
    B. They are the victims of fast economic development.
    C. They are responsible for their own condition.
    D. They account for the majority of drug addicts.

52. 人们对无家可归者的看法是什么？
A.他们很少符合无家可归者的描述。
B.他们是经济快速发展的受害者。
C.他们对自己的状况负责。
D.他们占吸毒成瘾者的大多数。

52.【定位】由题干中的the homeless和题文同序原则定位到第三段第二句。
C【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，人们就倾向于把他们的处境归咎于受害人自己——把他们的失败归于性格问题、道德缺失，或是懒惰。由此可知，人们认为无家可归者需要为自己的处境负责，故答案为C。

【避错】第三段第三句指出，洛杉矶的无家可归者中，有相当一小部分人符合这种关于无家可归者的负面描述，故排除 A。 文中并未提及无家可归者是经济快速发展的受害者，故排除B。 第三段中提到，无家可归者大部分没有吸毒成瘾，故排除D。

2023-06-02-53.—细节辨认题—难—housing market was growing increasingly unforgiving推出it increasingly difficult to afford a place to live

53. What is one of the causes for more and more people in Los Angeles to become homeless?【原文：But contrary to popular belief, the homeless in Los Angeles are not mostly mentally ill or drug addicted or frightening, although a sizable minority meet some of those descriptions. Today, a greater and greater proportion of people living on the streets are there because of bad luck or a series of mistakes, or because the economy forgot them — they lost a job or were evicted (逐出) or fled an abusive marriage just as the housing market was growing increasingly unforgiving.】
    A. They find it increasingly difficult to afford a place to live.
    B. The divorce rate in the county has been on a steady rise.
    C. They have been compelled to take low-paying jobs.
    D. The society fails to forgive them for their mistakes.

53. 洛杉矶越来越多的人无家可归的原因之一是什么？
A.他们发现越来越难以负担住的地方。
B.这个县的离婚率一直在稳步上升。
C.他们被迫从事低薪工作。
D.社会不能原谅他们的错误。

53.【定位】由题干中的causes和 become homeless定 位到第三段末句。
A【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，越来越多的人流落街头是因为他们运气不佳或是犯过一系列的错误，又或者是因为经济遗忘了他们——他们失去工作，或者被驱逐，又或者从一段不幸的婚姻中逃离，却又正赶上住房市场越来越无情。最后一句是用拟人的手法说明，房价很高，无家可归者承担不起住所的费用，故答案为A。

【避错】文中并未提及“该县的离婚率稳步提高”、 “他们被迫从事低薪的工作”和“社会不能原谅他们的过错”，故排除B、C 和 D。

2023-06-02-54—细节辨认题—易—“A is growing faster than B”替换为“The increase in B falls short of the demand of the growing A”

54. What do we learn from the new Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority report?【原文：That reality was driven home this month by a new Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority report showing that the county’s homeless population is growing faster than the supply of new housing.】
    A. Supplying enough job opportunities for the homeless remains a challenge.
    B. Everyone is pulling in the same direction to solve the homelessness problem.
    C. The increase in new housing falls short of the demand of the growing homeless population.
    D. Los Angeles’ homeless condition is deteriorating faster than many people predict.

54. 我们从洛杉矶无家可归者服务管理局的新报告中学到了什么？
为无家可归者提供足够的工作机会仍然是一个挑战。
每个人都在朝着同一个方向努力解决无家可归的问题。
C.新住房的增加不能满足不断增长的无家可归人口的需求。
D.洛杉矶无家可归者状况恶化的速度比许多人预测的要快。

54.【定位】由题干中的 the new Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority report 定位到第四段第二句。
C【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，洛杉矶无家可归者服务局本月发布的一份新报告显示，该县无家可归者人口的增长速度超过新住房的提供速度，故答案为C。
【避错】第四段第一句提到，即使每个人都在朝着同一个方向努力，挑战仍然巨大。“即使”两个字说明这是作者的假设，并不是实际情况，故排除B。文中并未提及“为无家可归者提供足够的工作机会是一个挑战”和“洛杉矶无家可归者的现状恶化的速度比很多人预测的要快”，故排除A 和 D。

2023-06-02-55.—细节辨认题—易—“no longer either shocked or shamed”替换“no longer find it shocking”

55. How do most Los Angeles residents now feel about homelessness?【原文：But most Los Angeles residents are no longer either shocked or shamed. Increasingly, we are uncomfortable, annoyed, disgusted, scared or unaware. Compassion (同情心) is being replaced by resignation.】
    A. They are increasingly ashamed about its scale.
    B. They find it no more scaring than it appears.
    C. They are less and less indifferent to it.
    D. They no longer find it shocking.

55. 大多数洛杉矶居民现在对无家可归有什么看法？
A.他们对其规模越来越感到羞愧。
B.他们发现它并不比看起来更可怕。
C.他们对它越来越漠不关心了。
D.他们不再觉得震惊。

55.【定位】由题干中的most Los Angeles residents和 feel about homelessness 定位到最后一段第 一、 二句。
D【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，在世界上最富有的国家中，这种规模的无家可归现象是可耻且令人震惊的，但大多数洛杉矶的居民们不再感到震惊或羞耻，故答案为D。
【避错】定位句提到，大多数洛杉矶的居民们不再感到震惊或羞耻，故排除A 。最后一段的第三句指出，居民们越来越不适、恼怒、厌烦、害怕或者毫无察觉。也就是说，人们越来越害怕和冷漠，故排除B和 C。