UDP 协议提供了一种低延迟的网络通信方式，通信效率高，但不保证接收的可靠性，常用在以太网图像传输等高速通信场合。
目录
1 UDP 协议
用户数据报协议（User Datagram Protocol, UDP）是一种面向无连接的传输协议，采用这种协议的通讯，无需事先建立连接。
UDP 数据段由 UDP 首部和数据两部分组成，其中首部的长度固定为 8 个字节，首部包括源端口、目的端口、UDP 长度和 16 位校验和。
2 校验过程
UDP 协议校验时需要添加 12 字节的伪首部，并且和 IP 协议不同，UDP 协议还需要校验数据。发送数据时，UDP 协议的校验步骤为：
（1）在 UDP 首部前添加 12 字节的伪首部；
（2）将首部校验和部分置零为 0x0000；
（3）以 16bit 为字长进行反码求和（数据不足的需补齐 16bit）；
（4）将校验结果填充到 UDP 首部。
接收数据时，UDP 协议的校验步骤为：
（1）在 UDP 首部前添加 12 字节的伪首部；
（2）以 16bit 为字长进行反码求和；
（3）判断校验结果是否为 0xFFFF；
（4）若检验结果为 0xFFFF，校验通过；否则检验失败，丢弃该数据段。
3 HDL 描述
根据反码求和的特性，可以把 UDP 协议的校验分两部分处理，伪首部 + 首部的校验为一部分，UDP 用户数据的校验为另一部分。用户数据的校验需要根据实际的位宽，转换为 16bit。
VHDL 版本
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity validate_udp is
port(
-- System level
sys_rst : in std_logic;
sys_clk : in std_logic;
-- IP and UDP information
local_ip_addr : in std_logic_vector(4*8-1 downto 0);
remote_ip_addr : in std_logic_vector(4*8-1 downto 0);
local_udp_port : in std_logic_vector(2*8-1 downto 0);
remote_udp_port : in std_logic_vector(2*8-1 downto 0);
udp_packet_len : in std_logic_vector(2*8-1 downto 0);
-- UDP user data input
udp_usr_data : in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
udp_usr_wren : in std_logic;
-- UDP checksum output
udp_checksum : out std_logic_vector(2*8-1 downto 0)
);
end entity;
architecture behav of validate_udp is
-- internal signal declarations
subtype word is std_logic_vector(15 downto 0);
type check_info_t is array(0 to 9) of word;
signal udp_check_info: check_info_t;
signal usr_data_buf: std_logic_vector(15 downto 0);
signal usr_wren_toggle: std_logic;
signal usr_wren_toggle_d1: std_logic;
signal checksum_head: std_logic_vector(15 downto 0);
signal checksum_data: std_logic_vector(15 downto 0);
function checksum_adder(
ina: std_logic_vector(15 downto 0);
inb: std_logic_vector(15 downto 0)
) return std_logic_vector is
variable tmp1,tmp2,tmp: std_logic_vector(31 downto 0);
begin
tmp1 := X"0000" & ina;
tmp2 := X"0000" & inb;
tmp := tmp1 + tmp2;
return tmp(15 downto 0) + tmp(31 downto 16);
end function;
function checksum_out(
ina: std_logic_vector(15 downto 0);
inb: std_logic_vector(15 downto 0)
) return std_logic_vector is
variable tmp1,tmp2,tmp: std_logic_vector(31 downto 0);
begin
tmp1 := X"0000" & ina;
tmp2 := X"0000" & inb;
tmp := tmp1 + tmp2;
return not(tmp(15 downto 0) + tmp(31 downto 16));
end function;
begin
-- todo
process(sys_rst,sys_clk)
begin
if sys_rst = '1' then
udp_check_info <= (others => (others => '0'));
elsif rising_edge(sys_clk) then
udp_check_info(0) <= local_ip_addr(4*8-1 downto 2*8);
udp_check_info(1) <= local_ip_addr(2*8-1 downto 0*8);
udp_check_info(2) <= remote_ip_addr(4*8-1 downto 2*8);
udp_check_info(3) <= remote_ip_addr(2*8-1 downto 0*8);
udp_check_info(4) <= X"0011"; -- UDP protocol
udp_check_info(5) <= udp_packet_len;
udp_check_info(6) <= local_udp_port;
udp_check_info(7) <= remote_udp_port;
udp_check_info(8) <= udp_packet_len;
udp_check_info(9) <= X"0000"; -- UDP Checksum padding
end if;
end process;
process(udp_check_info)
variable tmp: std_logic_vector(31 downto 0);
begin
tmp := (others => '0');
for i in 0 to 9 loop
tmp := tmp + udp_check_info(i);
end loop;
checksum_head <= tmp(15 downto 0) + tmp(31 downto 16);
end process;
process(sys_rst,sys_clk)
begin
if sys_rst = '1' then
usr_data_buf <= (others => '0');
usr_wren_toggle <= '0';
usr_wren_toggle_d1 <= '0';
elsif rising_edge(sys_clk) then
if udp_usr_wren = '1' then
usr_data_buf <= usr_data_buf(7 downto 0) & udp_usr_data;
else
usr_data_buf <= (others => '0');
end if;
if udp_usr_wren = '1' then
usr_wren_toggle <= not usr_wren_toggle;
else
usr_wren_toggle <= '0';
end if;
usr_wren_toggle_d1 <= usr_wren_toggle;
end if;
end process;
process(sys_rst,sys_clk)
begin
if sys_rst = '1' then
checksum_data <= (others => '0');
elsif rising_edge(sys_clk) then
if usr_wren_toggle_d1 = '1' then
checksum_data <= checksum_adder(checksum_data, usr_data_buf);
else
checksum_data <= (others => '0');
end if;
end if;
end process;
process(sys_rst,sys_clk)
begin
if sys_rst = '1' then
udp_checksum <= (others => '0');
elsif rising_edge(sys_clk) then
udp_checksum <= checksum_out(checksum_head, checksum_data);
end if;
end process;
end architecture;Verilog 版本
`timescale 1ns / 1ps
module validate_udp(
// System level
sys_rst,
sys_clk,
// IP and UDP information
local_ip_addr,
remote_ip_addr,
local_udp_port,
remote_udp_port,
udp_packet_len,
// UDP user data input
udp_usr_data,
udp_usr_wren,
// UDP checksum output
udp_checksum
);
// IO ports declarations
input sys_rst;
input sys_clk;
input [4*8-1:0] local_ip_addr;
input [4*8-1:0] remote_ip_addr;
input [2*8-1:0] local_udp_port;
input [2*8-1:0] remote_udp_port;
input [2*8-1:0] udp_packet_len;
input [7:0] udp_usr_data;
input udp_usr_wren;
output [2*8-1:0] udp_checksum;
reg [2*8-1:0] udp_checksum;
// internal function declarations
function [15:0] checksum_adder;
input [15:0] ina;
input [15:0] inb;
integer tmp,tmp1,tmp2;
begin
tmp1 = {16'd0, ina};
tmp2 = {16'd0, inb};
tmp = tmp1 + tmp2;
checksum_adder = tmp[15:0] + tmp[31:16];
end
endfunction
function [15:0] checksum_output;
input [15:0] ina;
input [15:0] inb;
integer tmp,tmp1,tmp2;
begin
tmp1 = {16'd0, ina};
tmp2 = {16'd0, inb};
tmp = tmp1 + tmp2;
checksum_output = ~(tmp[15:0] + tmp[31:16]);
end
endfunction
// internal signal declarations
reg [2*8-1:0] udp_check_info[9:0];
reg [2*8-1:0] checksum_head,checksum_data;
reg [4*8-1:0] tmp1,tmp2;
reg [2*8-1:0] usr_data_buf;
reg usr_wren_toggle,usr_wren_toggle_d1;
integer i;
always@(posedge sys_rst or posedge sys_clk) begin
if(sys_rst)
for(i = 0; i < 10; i=i+1)
udp_check_info[i] <= 16'h0000;
else begin
udp_check_info[0] <= local_ip_addr[4*8-1-:16];
udp_check_info[1] <= local_ip_addr[2*8-1-:16];
udp_check_info[2] <= remote_ip_addr[4*8-1-:16];
udp_check_info[3] <= remote_ip_addr[2*8-1-:16];
udp_check_info[4] <= 16'h0011; // UDP protocol
udp_check_info[5] <= udp_packet_len;
udp_check_info[6] <= local_udp_port;
udp_check_info[7] <= remote_udp_port;
udp_check_info[8] <= udp_packet_len;
udp_check_info[9] <= 16'h0000; // UDP checksum bytes padding
end
end
always@(*) begin
tmp1 = 32'd0;
for(i = 0; i < 10; i=i+1) begin
tmp1 = tmp1 + udp_check_info[i];
end
checksum_head = tmp1[15:0] + tmp1[31:16];
end
always@(posedge sys_rst or posedge sys_clk) begin
if(sys_rst) begin
usr_data_buf <= 16'd0;
usr_wren_toggle <= 1'd0;
usr_wren_toggle_d1 <= 1'd0;
end
else begin
if(udp_usr_wren)
usr_data_buf <= {usr_data_buf[7:0], udp_usr_data};
else
usr_data_buf <= 16'd0;
if(udp_usr_wren)
usr_wren_toggle <= ~usr_wren_toggle;
else
usr_wren_toggle <= 1'd0;
usr_wren_toggle_d1 <= usr_wren_toggle;
end
end
always@(posedge sys_rst or posedge sys_clk) begin
if(sys_rst)
checksum_data <= 16'd0;
else
if(usr_wren_toggle_d1)
checksum_data <= checksum_adder(checksum_data, usr_data_buf);
else
checksum_data <= 16'd0;
end
always@(posedge sys_rst or posedge sys_clk) begin
if(sys_rst)
udp_checksum <= 16'd0;
else
udp_checksum <= checksum_output(checksum_head, checksum_data);
end
endmodule
综合得到的 RTL 电路如下：
4447
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