matlab中的bwdist（Distance Transform of a Binary Image）

The distance transform provides a metric or measure of the separation of points in the image. The bwdist function calculates the distance between each pixel that is set to off (0) and the nearest nonzero pixel for binary images.

距离变换提供了图像中每个点分离（离散）的度量方法。 bwdist函数计算每个像素到设置为0的像素的距离。

K>> bw = zeros(5,5); 

%把(2,2)和(4,4)设置为测试点
bw(2,2) = 1; 
bw(4,4) = 1

bw =

     0     0     0     0     0
     0     1     0     0     0
     0     0     0     0     0
     0     0     0     1     0
     0     0     0     0     0

%计算图像中每个点到测试点之间的距离
K>> [D,IDX] = bwdist(bw)

%返回的D就是每个像素点到测试点的欧几里得距离
D =

  5×5 single matrix

    1.4142    1.0000    1.4142    2.2361    3.1623
    1.0000         0    1.0000    2.0000    2.2361
    1.4142    1.0000    1.4142    1.0000    1.4142
    2.2361    2.0000    1.0000         0    1.0000
    3.1623    2.2361    1.4142    1.0000    1.4142

%返回的IDX 就是每个像素点测试时候选择的测试点的序号
IDX =

  5×5 uint32 matrix

    7    7    7    7    7
    7    7    7    7   19
    7    7    7   19   19
    7    7   19   19   19
    7   19   19   19   19