对符号进行说明如下:
- ω \omega ω —— 相电流角频率
- P 1 , P 2 P_1, P_2 P1,P2 —— 变换前后的功率
- N 2 , N 3 N_2, N_3 N2,N3 —— 分别为两相和三相相绕组等效匝数
- i a , i b , i c i_a, i_b, i_c ia,ib,ic —— 电机三相相电流,设为正弦量,且时间相位上互差120°;
- u a , u b , u c u_a, u_b, u_c ua,ub,uc —— 电机三相相电压
- u α , i α , u β , i β u_\alpha, i_\alpha, u_\beta, i_\beta uα,iα,uβ,iβ —— 两相静止坐标系下的电压和电流矢量
明确点
首先明确无论采用何种变换,必须保证电机气隙内磁动势相同,也即变换前后磁动势必须等效,根据下图可知,利用几何关系有:
{
N
3
i
a
−
1
2
N
3
i
b
−
1
2
N
3
i
c
=
N
2
i
α
3
2
N
3
i
b
−
3
2
N
3
i
c
=
N
2
i
β
(1-1)
\begin{cases} N_3i_a - \frac{1}{2}N_3i_b - \frac{1}{2}N_3i_c = N_2i_\alpha \\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}N_3i_b - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}N_3i_c = N_2i_\beta\\ \end{cases} \tag{1-1}
{N3ia−21N3ib−21N3ic=N2iα23N3ib−23N3ic=N2iβ(1-1)
⟹
[
i
α
i
β
]
=
N
3
N
2
[
1
−
1
2
−
1
2
0
3
2
−
3
2
]
[
i
a
i
b
i
c
]
(1-2)
\implies \left[ \begin{matrix} i_\alpha \\ i_\beta \end{matrix} \right] = \frac{ N_3 }{ N_2 } \left[\begin{matrix} 1 & -\frac{ 1 }{ 2 } & -\frac{ 1 }{ 2 } \\ 0 & \frac{ \sqrt{3} }{ 2 } & -\frac{ \sqrt{3} }{ 2 } \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} i_a \\ i_b \\ i_c\end{matrix} \right] \tag{1-2}
⟹[iαiβ]=N2N3[10−2123−21−23]⎣⎡iaibic⎦⎤(1-2)
设
k
=
N
3
N
2
k=\frac{N_3 }{ N_2 }
k=N2N3,根据不同的约束可以推导出不同
k
k
k值。
恒幅值约束
恒幅值约束在于变量在变换前后的幅值不变,因为三相电流都为正弦量,且时间相位上互差120°,因此:
{
i
a
=
I
c
o
s
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ω
t
)
i
b
=
I
c
o
s
(
ω
t
+
120
)
i
c
=
I
c
o
s
(
ω
t
−
120
)
(2-1)
\begin{cases} i_a = I cos( \omega t ) \\ i_b = I cos( \omega t + 120 ) \\ i_c = I cos( \omega t - 120 ) \\ \end{cases} \tag{2-1}
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ia=Icos(ωt)ib=Icos(ωt+120)ic=Icos(ωt−120)(2-1)
将式(2-1)带入式(1-2),且
i
a
+
i
b
+
i
c
=
0
i_a + i_b + i_c = 0
ia+ib+ic=0,可以得到:
i
α
=
k
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i
a
−
1
2
i
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−
1
2
i
c
)
=
3
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3
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k
I
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o
s
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ω
t
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i
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k
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i
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=
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k
I
[
c
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120
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−
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)
]
=
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2
k
I
s
i
n
(
ω
t
)
(2-2)
i_\alpha = k(i_a - \frac{1}{2}i_b - \frac{1}{2}i_c) = \frac{3}{2}ki_a = \frac{3}{2}kIcos(\omega t) \\ i_\beta = \frac{ \sqrt{3} }{2}k(i_b-i_c) = \frac{ \sqrt{3} }{2}kI[cos(\omega t + 120) - cos(\omega t - 120)] = -\frac{3}{2}kIsin(\omega t) \tag{2-2}
iα=k(ia−21ib−21ic)=23kia=23kIcos(ωt)iβ=23k(ib−ic)=23kI[cos(ωt+120)−cos(ωt−120)]=−23kIsin(ωt)(2-2)
由式(2-2)可知,要想保证变换前后幅值不变,则有:
{
∣
3
2
k
I
∣
=
I
∣
−
3
2
k
I
∣
=
I
(2-3)
\begin{cases} | \frac{ 3}{2}kI | = I \\ | -\frac{3}{2}kI | = I \\ \end{cases} \tag{2-3}
{∣23kI∣=I∣−23kI∣=I(2-3)
求解式(2-3)即得
k
=
2
3
k = \frac{ 2 }{ 3 }
k=32。
恒功率约束
恒功率约束在于变换前后通入的功率保持不变,即输入三相功率等于变换后的两相功率。变换前的功率比较容易,三相电压电流瞬时值相乘即可:
P
1
=
u
a
i
a
+
u
b
i
b
+
u
c
i
c
(3-1)
P_1 = u_a i_a + u_b i_b + u_c i_c \tag{3-1}
P1=uaia+ubib+ucic(3-1)
如果取与电流变换相同的变换阵,则有:
u
α
=
k
(
u
a
−
1
2
u
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−
1
2
u
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u
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(3-2)
u_\alpha = k(u_a - \frac{1}{2}u_b - \frac{1}{2}u_c) \\ u_\beta = \frac{3}{2}k(u_b - u_c) \tag{3-2}
uα=k(ua−21ub−21uc)uβ=23k(ub−uc)(3-2)
变换后的功率与变换前的功率计算式类似,有:
P
2
=
u
α
i
α
+
u
β
i
β
(3-3)
P_2 = u_\alpha i_\alpha + u_\beta i_\beta \tag{3-3}
P2=uαiα+uβiβ(3-3)
将式(2-2)与式(3-2)带入式(3-3)可知:
P
2
=
3
2
k
2
(
u
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)
(3-4)
P_2 = \frac{ 3}{2}k^2(u_a - \frac{1}{2}u_b - \frac{1}{2}u_c)i_a + \frac{3}{4}k^2(u_b - u_c)(i_b - i_c) \\ = \frac{3}{4}k^2u_ai_a + \frac{3}{4}k^2u_bi_b + \frac{3}{4}k^2u_ci_c + \\ \frac{3}{4}k^2u_ai_a - \frac{3}{4}k^2u_bi_a - \frac{3}{4}k^2u_ci_a - \frac{3}{4}k^2u_ci_b - \frac{3}{4}k^2u_bi_c \\ = \frac{3}{4}k^2P_1 + \frac{3}{4}k^2(u_ai_a - u_bi_a - u_ci_a - u_ci_b - u_bi_c) \tag{3-4}
P2=23k2(ua−21ub−21uc)ia+43k2(ub−uc)(ib−ic)=43k2uaia+43k2ubib+43k2ucic+43k2uaia−43k2ubia−43k2ucia−43k2ucib−43k2ubic=43k2P1+43k2(uaia−ubia−ucia−ucib−ubic)(3-4)
利用
−
i
a
=
i
b
+
i
c
-i_a = i_b + i_c
−ia=ib+ic带入式(3-4)中的
−
u
b
i
a
−
u
c
i
a
- u_bi_a - u_ci_a
−ubia−ucia部分,则可继续展开得到:
P
2
=
3
4
k
2
P
1
+
3
4
k
2
(
u
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=
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(
u
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i
a
+
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P
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=
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2
P
1
(3-5)
P_2 = \frac{ 3 }{ 4 }k^2P_1 + \frac{ 3 }{ 4 }k^2(u_ai_a + u_bi_b + u_bi_c + u_ci_b + u_ci_c - u_ci_b - u_bi_c) \\ = \frac{ 3 }{ 4 }k^2P_1 + \frac{ 3 }{ 4 }k^2(u_ai_a + u_bi_b + u_ci_c) \\ = \frac{ 3 }{ 4 }k^2P_1 + \frac{ 3 }{ 4 }k^2P_1 \\ = \frac{ 3 }{ 2 }k^2P_1 \tag{3-5}
P2=43k2P1+43k2(uaia+ubib+ubic+ucib+ucic−ucib−ubic)=43k2P1+43k2(uaia+ubib+ucic)=43k2P1+43k2P1=23k2P1(3-5)
为了保证功率不变,则需要
P
2
=
P
1
P_2 = P_1
P2=P1,有:
P
2
=
3
2
k
2
P
1
=
P
1
(3-6)
P_2 = \frac{ 3 }{ 2 }k^2P_1 = P_1 \tag{3-6}
P2=23k2P1=P1(3-6)
显然,此使
k
=
2
3
k = \sqrt{\frac{ 2 }{ 3 } }
k=32。
Note
注意到,采用恒幅值变化后,功率发生了变化:
P
2
=
3
2
k
2
P
1
=
2
3
P
1
P_2 = \frac{3}{2}k^2P_1 = \frac{2}{3}P_1
P2=23k2P1=32P1
因此导致最终推导电机转矩计算式时会产生差异。