VTK交互之Widget

交互部件

　　VTK的交互除了提供各种交互样式，还提供了功能更为强大的，可以“看得见”的交互部件，即Widget。VTK的Widget类主要包括vtk3DWidget和vtkAbstractWidget两个父类，它们都派生自vtkInteractorObserver。其中vtk3DWidget主要在三维渲染场景中生成一个可以用于控制数据的可视化实体，比如点、曲线、平面、球体等；后者是VTK里实现“交互/表达实体(Interaction/Representation)”设计的所有Widget的基类。
　　vtkAbstractWidget作为基类，只定义一些公共的API以及实现了“交互/表达实体”分离的设计机制，其中，把从vtkRenderWindowInteractor路由过来的信息交给vtkAbstractWidget的“交互”部分处理，而Widget的“表达实体”则对应一个vtkPro对象（或者是vtkWidgetRepresenttation的子类）。
　　此外，vtkAbstractWidget类提供了访问vtkWidgetEventTranslator对象的函数，即GetEventTranslator()，该对象的作用可以将VTK事件映射为Widget事件（定义于vtkWidgetEvent.h文件中），通过vtkWidgetEventTranslator类，用户可以定制符合自己使用习惯的控制Widget的事件绑定。利用类vtkWidgetCallbackMapper将相应的Widget事件与各个受保护的静态操作函数关联起来。

vtkWidgetEventTranslator* eventTranslator =  widget->GetEventTranslator();
eventTranslator->SetTranslation(vtkCommand::RightButtonPressEvent, vtkWidgetEvent::Select);
eventTranslator->SetTranslation(vtkCommand::RightButtonReleaseEvent, vtkWidgetEvent::EndSelect);

创建Widget交互步骤

Widget的创建以及使用基本都是类似的，一般步骤如下。

1. 实例化Widget
2. 指定渲染窗口交互器。Widget可以通过它监听用户事件。
3. 必要时使用观察者/命令模式创建回调函数。
4. 创建合适的几何表达实体，并用SetRepresentation()函数把它与Widget关联起来，或者使用Widget默认的几何表达实体。
5. 最后必须激活Widget，使其在渲染场景中显示。

示例说明

CMakeLists.txt文件代码如下：

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 2.8)
PROJECT(WidgetExample)
FIND_PACKAGE(VTK REQUIRED)
INCLUDE(${VTK_USE_FILE})
ADD_EXECUTABLE(WidgetExample    WidgetExample.cpp)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(WidgetExample  ${VTK_LIBRARIES})

VTKDataExample .cpp文件代码如下：

#include <vtkVersion.h>
#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>

#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
#include <vtkActor.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkPolyData.h>
#include <vtkImageData.h>

#include <vtkCoordinate.h>
#include <vtkSphereSource.h>
#include <vtkButtonWidget.h>
#include <vtkTexturedButtonRepresentation2D.h>

static void CreateImage(vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageData> image,
    unsigned char *color1,
    unsigned char *color2);

int main(int, char *[])
{
    // Create two images for texture
    vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageData> image1 =
        vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageData>::New();
    vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageData> image2 =
        vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageData>::New();
    unsigned char banana[3] = { 227, 207, 87 };
    unsigned char tomato[3] = { 255, 99, 71 };
    CreateImage(image1, banana, tomato);
    CreateImage(image2, tomato, banana);

    // Create some geometry
    vtkSmartPointer<vtkSphereSource> sphereSource =
        vtkSmartPointer<vtkSphereSource>::New();
    sphereSource->Update();

    vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> mapper =
        vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
    mapper->SetInputConnection(sphereSource->GetOutputPort());

    vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> actor =
        vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
    actor->SetMapper(mapper);

    // A renderer and render window
    vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> renderer =
        vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
    vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow> renderWindow =
        vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
    renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);

    // An interactor
    vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor> renderWindowInteractor =
        vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
    renderWindowInteractor->SetRenderWindow(renderWindow);

    // Create the widget and its representation
    vtkSmartPointer<vtkTexturedButtonRepresentation2D> buttonRepresentation =
        vtkSmartPointer<vtkTexturedButtonRepresentation2D>::New();
    buttonRepresentation->SetNumberOfStates(2);
    buttonRepresentation->SetButtonTexture(0, image1);
    buttonRepresentation->SetButtonTexture(1, image2);

    vtkSmartPointer<vtkButtonWidget> buttonWidget =
        vtkSmartPointer<vtkButtonWidget>::New();
    buttonWidget->SetInteractor(renderWindowInteractor);
    buttonWidget->SetRepresentation(buttonRepresentation);

    // Add the actors to the scene
    renderer->AddActor(actor);
    renderer->SetBackground(.1, .2, .5);

    renderWindow->SetSize(640, 480);
    renderWindow->Render();

    // Place the widget. Must be done after a render so that the
    // viewport is defined.
    // Here the widget placement is in normalized display coordinates
    vtkSmartPointer<vtkCoordinate> upperRight =
        vtkSmartPointer<vtkCoordinate>::New();
    upperRight->SetCoordinateSystemToNormalizedDisplay();
    upperRight->SetValue(1.0, 1.0);

    double bds[6];
    double sz = 50.0;
    bds[0] = upperRight->GetComputedDisplayValue(renderer)[0] - sz;
    bds[1] = bds[0] + sz;
    bds[2] = upperRight->GetComputedDisplayValue(renderer)[1] - sz;
    bds[3] = bds[2] + sz;
    bds[4] = bds[5] = 0.0;

    // Scale to 1, default is .5
    buttonRepresentation->SetPlaceFactor(1);
    buttonRepresentation->PlaceWidget(bds);

    buttonWidget->On();

    // Begin mouse interaction
    renderWindowInteractor->Start();

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

void CreateImage(vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageData> image,
    unsigned char* color1,
    unsigned char* color2)
{
    // Specify the size of the image data
    image->SetDimensions(10, 10, 1);
#if VTK_MAJOR_VERSION <= 5
    image->SetNumberOfScalarComponents(3);
    image->SetScalarTypeToUnsignedChar();
#else
    image->AllocateScalars(VTK_UNSIGNED_CHAR, 3);
#endif
    int* dims = image->GetDimensions();

    // Fill the image with
    for (int y = 0; y < dims[1]; y++)
    {
        for (int x = 0; x < dims[0]; x++)
        {
            unsigned char* pixel =
                static_cast<unsigned char*>(image->GetScalarPointer(x, y, 0));
            if (x < 5)
            {
                pixel[0] = color1[0];
                pixel[1] = color1[1];
                pixel[2] = color1[2];
            }
            else
            {
                pixel[0] = color2[0];
                pixel[1] = color2[1];
                pixel[2] = color2[2];
            }
        }
    }
}

运行结果：