样条曲线

基本概念

        在计算机图形中，样条曲线（spline curve）指由多项式曲线段连接而成的曲线，在每段的边界处满足特定的连续性条件。样条曲面（spline surface）可以使用两组样条曲线进行描述。
        给定一组称为控制点的坐标点，可以得到一条样条曲线，这些点给出了曲线的大致形状。根据这些坐标位置，可以使用以下两种方法之一选取分段连续参数多项式函数。当选取的多项式使得曲线通过每个控制点，则所得曲线称为这组控制点的插值（interpolate）样条曲线。另一情况，当选取的多项式使部分或全部控制点都不在生成的曲线上，所得曲线称为这组控制点的逼近（approximate）样条曲线。

贝塞样条曲线

        这个样条逼近方法是法国工程师皮埃尔·贝济埃（Pierre Bézier）为雷诺公司设计汽车车身而开发的。这里给出它的公式，并用VTK实现。下面是公式介绍。


        下面是代码，vtkBezierSplineSource类是根据上面公式写的。完整工程。

/**********************************************************************

Copyright (c) Mr.Bin. All rights reserved.
For more information visit: http://blog.csdn.net/webzhuce

**********************************************************************/
#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkActor.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.h>
#include <vtkProperty.h>
#include <vtkPoints.h>
#include <vtkSphereSource.h>
#include <vtkGlyph3DMapper.h>
#include "vtkBezierSplineSource.h"

int main()
{
	double p0[3] = { -40.0, -40.0, 0.0 };
	double p1[3] = { -10.0, 200.0, 0.0 };
	double p2[3] = { -40.0, -200.0, 0.0 };
	double p3[3] = { 40.0, 40.0, 0.0 };

	vtkNew<vtkPoints> points;
	points->InsertNextPoint(p0);
	points->InsertNextPoint(p1);
	points->InsertNextPoint(p2);
	points->InsertNextPoint(p3);

	// spline points
	vtkNew<vtkSphereSource> spheresource;
	spheresource->SetPhiResolution(20);
	spheresource->SetThetaResolution(20);
	spheresource->SetRadius(10);
	spheresource->Update();
	vtkNew<vtkPolyData> ctrlpointsdata;
	ctrlpointsdata->SetPoints(points);
	vtkNew<vtkGlyph3DMapper> ctrlpointsmapper;
	ctrlpointsmapper->SetInputData(ctrlpointsdata);
	ctrlpointsmapper->SetSourceConnection(spheresource->GetOutputPort());
	ctrlpointsmapper->Update();
	vtkNew<vtkActor> ctrlpointsactor;
	ctrlpointsactor->SetMapper(ctrlpointsmapper);
	ctrlpointsactor->GetProperty()->SetColor(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);

	//spline
	vtkNew<vtkBezierSplineSource> spline;
	spline->SetControlPoints(points);
	vtkNew<vtkPolyDataMapper> splinemapper;
	splinemapper->SetInputConnection(spline->GetOutputPort());
	vtkNew<vtkActor> splineactor;
	splineactor->SetMapper(splinemapper);
	splineactor->GetProperty()->SetColor(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
	
	
	//render
	vtkNew<vtkRenderer> renderer;
	renderer->AddActor(ctrlpointsactor);
	renderer->AddActor(splineactor);
	renderer->SetBackground(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
	vtkNew<vtkRenderWindow> renderwindow;
	renderwindow->SetSize(400, 200);
	renderwindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
	vtkNew<vtkRenderWindowInteractor> interactor;
	interactor->SetRenderWindow(renderwindow);
	vtkNew<vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera> style;
	interactor->SetInteractorStyle(style);
	interactor->Initialize();
	interactor->Start();

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;

}

运行结果

参考资料

• 《计算机图形学（第四版）》[M]