是的，在Transformer中有多头注意力机制和交叉注意力机制。
多头注意力机制是指将输入分成多个头，每个头都进行注意力计算，最后将它们合并在一起。这种方法可以使模型更好地捕捉输入中的不同特征，从而提高模型的性能。
交叉注意力机制是指在编码器和解码器之间引入注意力机制，以便解码器可以在生成输出时关注编码器中的不同部分。这种方法可以帮助模型更好地理解输入和输出之间的关系，从而提高模型的性能。
下面是一个使用多头注意力机制和交叉注意力机制的Transformer模型的示例代码：
```python
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras
from tensorflow.keras import layers
# 定义一个多头注意力层
class MultiHeadAttention(layers.Layer):
def __init__(self, embed_dim, num_heads):
super(MultiHeadAttention, self).__init__()
self.num_heads = num_heads
self.embed_dim = embed_dim
if embed_dim % num_heads != 0:
raise ValueError(
f"embedding dimension = {embed_dim} should be divisible by number of heads = {num_heads}"
)
self.projection_dim = embed_dim // num_heads
self.query_dense = layers.Dense(embed_dim)
self.key_dense = layers.Dense(embed_dim)
self.value_dense = layers.Dense(embed_dim)
self.combine_heads = layers.Dense(embed_dim)
def attention(self, query, key, value):
score = tf.matmul(query, key, transpose_b=True)
dim_key = tf.cast(tf.shape(key)[-1], tf.float32)
scaled_score = score / tf.math.sqrt(dim_key)
weights = tf.nn.softmax(scaled_score, axis=-1)
output = tf.matmul(weights, value)
return output, weights
def separate_heads(self, x, batch_size):
x = tf.reshape(x, (batch_size, -1, self.num_heads, self.projection_dim))
return tf.transpose(x, perm=[0, 2, 1, 3])
def call(self, inputs):
# 获取输入
query, key, value, mask = inputs["query"], inputs["key"], inputs["value"], inputs["mask"]
batch_size = tf.shape(query)[0]
# 将输入通过全连接层进行变换
query = self.query_dense(query)
key = self.key_dense(key)
value = self.value_dense(value)
# 将输入分成多个头
query = self.separate_heads(query, batch_size)
key = self.separate_heads(key, batch_size)
value = self.separate_heads(value, batch_size)
# 计算注意力
attention, weights = self.attention(query, key, value)
# 将多个头合并在一起
attention = tf.transpose(attention, perm=[0, 2, 1, 3])
concat_attention = tf.reshape(attention, (batch_size, -1, self.embed_dim))
output = self.combine_heads(concat_attention)
return output
# 定义一个Transformer模型
class Transformer(keras.Model):
def __init__(self, num_layers, embed_dim, num_heads, fully_connected_dim, input_vocab_size, target_vocab_size, dropout_rate=0.1):
super(Transformer, self).__init__()
self.embed_dim = embed_dim
self.num_layers = num_layers
# 定义编码器
self.encoder = keras.Sequential(
[layers.Embedding(input_vocab_size, embed_dim),]
+ [
layers.Dropout(dropout_rate),
layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6),
layers.Dense(fully_connected_dim, activation="relu"),
layers.Dropout(dropout_rate),
layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6),
MultiHeadAttention(embed_dim, num_heads),
layers.Dropout(dropout_rate), layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6),
layers.Dense(embed_dim, activation="relu"),
layers.Dropout(dropout_rate),
layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6),
]
* num_layers
)
# 定义解码器
self.decoder = keras.Sequential(
[layers.Embedding(target_vocab_size, embed_dim),]
+ [
layers.Dropout(dropout_rate),
layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6),
layers.Dense(fully_connected_dim, activation="relu"),
layers.Dropout(dropout_rate),
layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6),
MultiHeadAttention(embed_dim, num_heads),
layers.Dropout(dropout_rate),
layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6),
MultiHeadAttention(embed_dim, num_heads),
layers.Dropout(dropout_rate),
layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6),
layers.Dense(embed_dim, activation="relu"),
layers.Dropout(dropout_rate),
layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6),
]
* num_layers
)
# 定义输出层
self.final_layer = layers.Dense(target_vocab_size)
def call(self, inputs):
# 获取输入
input_seq, target_seq, enc_padding_mask, look_ahead_mask, dec_padding_mask = inputs
# 将输入通过编码器
enc_output = self.encoder(input_seq)
# 将编码器的输出通过解码器
dec_output = self.decoder(
target_seq, attention_mask=look_ahead_mask, encoder_output=enc_output
)
# 将解码器的输出通过输出层
final_output = self.final_layer(dec_output)
return final_output
# 创建一个Transformer模型
transformer = Transformer(
num_layers=2,
embed_dim=32,
num_heads=2,
fully_connected_dim=32,
input_vocab_size=1000,
target_vocab_size=1000,
dropout_rate=0.1,
)
# 定义输入
input_seq = tf.random.uniform((64, 10), dtype=tf.int64, minval=0, maxval=200)
target_seq = tf.random.uniform((64, 10), dtype=tf.int64, minval=0, maxval=200)
enc_padding_mask = tf.random.uniform((64, 1, 1, 10), dtype=tf.float32, minval=0, maxval=1)
look_ahead_mask = tf.random.uniform((64, 1, 10, 10), dtype=tf.float32, minval=0, maxval=1)
dec_padding_mask = tf.random.uniform((64, 1, 1, 10), dtype=tf.float32, minval=0, maxval=1)
# 运行模型
output = transformer(
inputs=(input_seq, target_seq, enc_padding_mask, look_ahead_mask, dec_padding_mask)
)
print(output.shape) # 输出：(64, 10, 1000)
```
当输入g(x)函数的logits的数量级很大时，g(x)输出的是一个非常接近one-hot的向量[0,0,...1,...0,0]。
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