卷积神经网络基础笔记

Padding  

• It allows you to use a CONV layer without necessarily shrinking the height and width of the volumes. This is important for building deeper networks, since otherwise the height/width would shrink as you go to deeper layers. An important special case is the "same" convolution, in which the height/width is exactly preserved after one layer. 

• It helps us keep more of the information at the border of an image. Without padding, very few values at the next layer would be affected by pixels as the edges of an image.

  
  

  In numpy, you need use the np.pad( )

  for example:

  # GRADED FUNCTION: zero_pad
  
  def zero_pad(X, pad):
      """
      Pad with zeros all images of the dataset X. The padding is applied to the height and width of an image, 
      as illustrated in Figure 1.
      
      Argument:
      X -- python numpy array of shape (m, n_H, n_W, n_C) representing a batch of m images
      pad -- integer, amount of padding around each image on vertical and horizontal dimensions
      
      Returns:
      X_pad -- padded image of shape (m, n_H + 2*pad, n_W + 2*pad, n_C)
      """
      
      ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 1 line)
      X_pad = np.pad(X, ((0,0),(pad, pad),(pad, pad),(0,0)), 'constant', constant_values = (0))
      ### END CODE HERE ###
      
      return X_pad