【读书2】【2014】基于MATLAB的雷达信号处理基础（第二版）——成像(2)

Figure 1.23. 合成孔径雷达的概念The concept of syntheticaperture radar.

通过在图中的每个指示位置发射脉冲，收集每个脉冲的回波距离数据，并适当地将其一起处理，SAR系统能够产生沿飞机飞行路径的非常大孔径的相控阵天线的效果。

By transmitting pulses at each indicatedlocation, collecting the range data for each pulse, and properly processing ittogether, a SAR system creates the effect of a much larger phased array antennabeing flown along the aircraft flight path.

正如式(1.9)所建议的(尽管不同SAR案例下的一些细节不同)，非常大的孔径尺寸产生非常窄的聚焦的有效天线波束，从而可能产生非常精细的横向距离分辨率。

As suggested by Eq. (1.9) (though somedetails differ in the SAR case), a very large aperture size produces a verynarrowly focused effective antenna beam, thus making possible very finecross-range resolution.

在第八章将详细地讲述SAR的概念。

The SAR concept is explained more fully inChap. 8.

本书还基于角度范围积分的视角给出了一种更现代、更稳健的概念解释。

A more modern and robust viewpoint based onintegrating over a range of angles is also given there.

1.5.5. 检测

1.5.5. Detection

雷达信号处理器的最基本功能是检测一个或多个感兴趣目标的存在。

The most basic function of a radar signalprocessor is detection of the presence of one or more targets of interest.

关于目标存在的信息包含在雷达脉冲的回波中。

Information about the presence of targetsis contained in the echoes of the radar pulses.

这些目标回波与接收机噪声、来自杂波信号的不希望的回波以及可能有意或无意的干扰产生竞争。

These echoes compete with receiver noise,undesired echoes from clutter signals, and possibly intentional orunintentional jamming.

信号处理器必须以某种方式分析总的雷达接收信号，并确定它是否包含期望的目标回波，如果存在目标，提取出目标的距离、角度和速度信息。

The signal processor must somehow analyzethe total received signal and determine whether it contains a desirable targetecho and, if so, at what range, angle, and velocity.

由于雷达信号的复杂性，从而导致统计模型的使用，在存在干扰信号的情况下检测目标回波是统计决策理论中的一个问题。

Because the complexity of radar signalsleads to the use of statistical models, detection of target echoes in thepresence of competing interference signals is a problem in statistical decisiontheory.

应用于雷达检测的理论将在第六章中展开讲述。

The theory as applied to radar detectionwill be developed in Chap. 6.

可以看到，在大多数情况下，使用阈值检测可以获得最佳的性能。

There it will be seen that in most casesoptimal performance can be obtained using threshold detection.

在阈值检测方法中，将可能经过信号调理和干扰抑制的雷达回波信号的每个复采样幅度与预先计算的阈值进行比较。

In this method, the magnitude of eachcomplex sample of the radar echo signal, possibly after signal conditioning andinterference suppression, is compared to a precomputed threshold.

如果信号幅度低于阈值，则认为仅仅是干扰信号。

If the signal amplitude is below thethreshold, it is assumed to be due to interference signals only.

如果信号幅度高于阈值，则认为信号中除了干扰之外还存在目标回波，并声明目标已经被检测或“命中”。

If it is above the threshold, it is assumedthat the stronger signal is due to the presence of a target echo in addition tothe interference, and a detection or “hit” is declared.

本质上，检测器认为，单个接收信号样本中的能量太大而不可能仅仅是由干扰引起的，因此回波中包含有目标信号。

In essence, the detector makes a decisionas to whether the energy in each received signal sample is too large to likelyhave resulted from interference alone; if so, it is assumed a target echocontributed to that sample.

——本文译自Mark A. Richards所著的《Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing（Second edition）》

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