基于MATLAB的电流、电压互感器特性的仿真分析

摘 要

电压互感器和电流互感器是电力系统中进行电能计量和继电保护的基本测量和继电保护等设备之一，其准确度及可靠性与电力系统的安全、可靠、经济运行密切相关。随着电力系统在监测、控制及保护等方面自动化和智能化要求的不断提高，传统的电磁式电压互感器和电流互感器因自身传感机理所限而呈现出种种难以克服的问题，已不能满足电力系统自动化、数字化的发展要求，基于电子技术、微机技术、光纤通信技术的新型电子式电压/电流互感器逐步引起人们的重视。

本次设计主要以电流、电压互感器控制系统设计应用作为研究背景，运用MATLAB/Simulink仿真工具搭建相应的仿真模型。电流、电压互感器控制系统拥有很好的动态特性，运行稳定性高、测量的范围较大，性能可靠等优势，在实际生产制造中被广泛的应用。该模型利用MATLAB软件中的电力系统模块库，建立了电流、电压互感器在电力系统应用中的系统仿真模型，通过 Matlab/Simulink仿真软件搭建仿真模型,运行仿真，并对电流互感器的饱和特性的仿真结果进行了分析。经过对控制系统进行仿真，可以明显的看出，电流、电压互感器控制系统响应快，没有超调量，运行稳定，抗外界干扰能力强等特点。

同时，深入学习电流、电压互感器的整体结构和分类，针对电流、电压互感器控制系统当做研究对象。在对电流、电压互感器控制系统工作原理和各个部分的数学模型进行深入研究的基础上，在MATLAB/SIMULINK对不同部件的传递原理和数学模型进行了深入的研究，建立电流、电压互感器控制系统动力学模型，通过仿真结果验证，可以比较各种策略与方案，优化并确定相关参数。最后，对电流、电压互感器控制系统分析方法进行了详细比较分析，为科学决策提供可靠的依据。

本次设计经过模型搭建、仿真验证，在学习掌握电流、电压互感器工作特性的同时，参考得到的仿真结果，为更进一步的设计开发新的产品奠定坚实的基础。

关键词：电流、电压互感器，饱和特性，建模与仿真 ，MATLAB

Abstract

Voltage transformer and current transformer are one of the basic measuring equipment for electric energy metering and relay protection in electric power system. Their accuracy and reliability are closely related to the safe, reliable and economical operation of electric power system. With the continuous improvement of automation and intellectualization requirements of power system in monitoring, control and protection, the traditional electromagnetic voltage transformer and current transformer have presented various insurmountable problems due to the limitations of their own sensing mechanism, which can no longer meet the development requirements of automation and digitalization of power system. New electronic voltage/current transformer based on electronic technology, computer technology, optical fiber communication technology has gradually attracted people's attention.

This design is mainly based on the current and voltage transformer control system design and application as research background, using MATLAB/Simulink simulation tools to build the corresponding simulation model. Current and voltage transformer control system has good dynamic characteristics, high operation stability, large measurement range, reliable performance and other advantages, and is widely used in practical production and manufacturing. In this model, the power system module library in MATLAB software is used to establish the system simulation model of current and voltage transformer in the application of power system current measurement. The simulation model is built by MATLAB /Simulink simulation software, and the simulation results of saturation characteristics of the current transformer are analyzed. Through the simulation of the control system, it can be clearly seen that the current and voltage transformer control system has the characteristics of quick response, no overshoot, stable operation and strong ability to resist external interference.

At the same time, the overall structure and classification of current and voltage transformers will be studied in depth, and the control system of current and voltage transformers will be taken as the research object. The working principle of the control system of the current, voltage transformer and the mathematical model of each part, on the basis of in-depth study, in the MATLAB/SIMULINK to the transmission principle and mathematical model of different parts of in-depth research, current, voltage transformer control system dynamics model is established, the simulation results verify, you can compare all kinds of strategy and plan, Optimize and determine related parameters. Finally, the analysis methods of current and voltage transformer control system are compared and analyzed in detail to provide reliable basis for scientific decision-making.

This design through model building, simulation verification, in learning and mastering the current and voltage transformer working characteristics at the same time, reference to the simulation results, for further design and development of new products to lay a solid foundation.

Key words: Current and voltage transformers, saturation characteristics, modeling and simulation, MATLAB

目录

摘    要....................................................................................................................... 1

第一章 绪论............................................................................................................ 7

1.1  概述............................................................................................................. 7

1.2  课题研究的现状........................................................................................ 8

1.3  课题研究的目的及意义........................................................................ 10

1.4  课题的研究内容及章节安排............................................................... 11

第二章 电流电压互感器................................................................................... 12

2.1  电流互感器.............................................................................................. 12

2.1.1  电流互感器的工作特点................................................................ 12

2.1.2  电流互感器的工作原理................................................................ 12

2.1.3  电流互感器的饱和特性................................................................ 13

2.1.4  电流互感器的技术参数................................................................ 17

2.1.5电流互感器二次侧接反带来的影响............................................. 17

2.2  电压互感器.............................................................................................. 18

2.2.1  电压互感器的工作特点................................................................ 18

2.2.2  电压互感器的工作原理................................................................ 18

2.2.3  电压互感器的类型........................................................................ 19

第三章 MATLAB软件...................................................................................... 23

3.1 MATLAB软件.......................................................................................... 23

3.1.1 MATLAB的简介................................................................................ 23

3.1.2 MATLAB的特点................................................................................ 23

3.2 Simulink...................................................................................................... 24

3.2.1 Simulink的简介................................................................................. 24

3.2.2 Simulink的特点................................................................................. 24

3.2.3 Simulink的功能................................................................................. 24

第四章 电流、电压互感器系统建模仿真..................................................... 27

4.1      电流、电压互感器系统建模.......................................................... 27

4.2     仿真输出波形及分析......................................................................... 28

4.3  本章小结................................................................................................... 29

第五章  结束语................................................................................................... 30

参考文献................................................................................................................ 31

致    谢................................................................................................................ 33

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