数学分析 积分表及常用积分公式

一.含有$x^n$的形式

$1.\int x^{n}dx=\frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1}+C(n\ne -1)$

$2.\int \frac{dx}{x}=ln|x|+C$

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二.含有$ax+b$的形式

$1.\int \frac{dx}{ax+b}=\frac{1}{a}\ln \mid ax+b\mid +C$

$2.\int (ax+b{)}^{n}dx=\frac{1}{a(n+1)}(ax+b{)}^{n+1}+C(n\ne -1)$

$3.\int \frac{x}{ax+b}dx=\frac{1}{a^2}(ax-b\ln \mid ax+b\mid )+C$

$4.\int \frac{x^2}{ax+b}dx=\frac{1}{a^3}[\frac{1}{2}(ax+b{)}^2-2b(ax+b)+b^2\ln \mid ax+b\mid ]+C$

$5.\int \frac{dx}{x(ax+b)}=-\frac{1}{b}\ln \mid \frac{ax+b}{x}\mid +C$

$6.\int \frac{dx}{x^2(ax+b)}=-\frac{1}{bx}+\frac{a}{b^2}\ln \mid \frac{ax+b}{x}\mid +C$

$7.\int \frac{x}{(ax+b{)}^2}dx=\frac{1}{a^2}(\ln \mid ax+b\mid +\frac{b}{ax+b})+C$

$8.\int \frac{x^2}{(ax+b{)}^2}dx=\frac{1}{a^3}(ax+b-2b\ln \mid ax+b\mid -\frac{b^2}{ax+b})+C$

$9.\int \frac{dx}{x(ax+b{)}^2}=\frac{1}{b(ax+b)}-\frac{1}{b^2}\ln \mid \frac{ax+b}{x}\mid +C$

$10.\int \frac{dx}{x^2(ax+b{)}^2}=-\frac{1}{b^2}[\frac{2ax+b}{x(ax+b)}+\frac{2a}{b}\ln |\frac{x}{ax+b}|]+C$

$11.\int \frac{x^2}{(ax+b{)}^3}dx=\frac{1}{a^3}[\frac{2b}{ax+b}-\frac{b^2}{2(ax+b{)}^2}+\ln |ax+b|]+C$

$12.\int \frac{x}{(ax+b{)}^n}dx=\frac{1}{a^2}[-\frac{1}{(n-2)(ax+b{)}^{n-2}}+\frac{b}{(n-1)(ax+b{)}^{n-1}}]+C(n\ne 1,2)$

$13.\int \frac{x^2}{(ax+b{)}^n}dx=\frac{1}{a^3}[-\frac{1}{(n-3)(ax+b{)}^{n-3}}+\frac{2b}{(n-2)(ax+b{)}^{n-2}}-\frac{b^2}{(n-1)(ax+b{)}^{n-1}}]+C(n\ne 1,2,3)$

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三.含有$a{x}^2+b(a>0)$的形式

$1.\int \frac{dx}{a{x}^2+b}dx=\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\arctan \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}x+C(b>0)\\ \frac{1}{2\sqrt{-ab}}\ln \mid \frac{x-a}{x+a}\mid +C(b<0)\end{array}$

$2.\int \frac{x}{a{x}^2+b}dx=\frac{1}{2a}\ln |a{x}^2+b|+C$

$3.\int \frac{x^2}{a{x}^2+b}dx=\frac{x}{a}-\frac{b}{a}\int \frac{dx}{a{x}^2+b}$

$4.\int \frac{dx}{x(a{x}^2+b)}=\frac{1}{2b}\ln \frac{x^2}{|a{x}^2+b|}+C$

$5.\int \frac{dx}{x^2(a{x}^2+b)}=-\frac{1}{bx}-\frac{a}{b}\int \frac{dx}{a{x}^2+b}$

$6.\int \frac{dx}{x^3(a{x}^2+b)}=\frac{a}{2b^2}\ln \frac{|a{x}^2+b|}{x^2}-\frac{1}{2b{x}^2}+C$

$7.\int \frac{dx}{(a{x}^2+b{)}^2}=\frac{x}{2b(a{x}^2+b)}+\frac{1}{2b}\int \frac{dx}{a{x}^2+b}$

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四.含有$\pm x^2\pm a^2(a>0)$的形式
$1.\int \frac{dx}{x^2+a^2}=\frac{1}{a}\arctan \frac{x}{a}+C$

$2.\int \frac{dx}{(a^2\pm x^2{)}^n}=\frac{1}{2a^2(n-1)}[\frac{x}{(a^2\pm x^2{)}^{n-1}}+(2n-3)\int \frac{dx}{(a^2\pm x^2{)}^{n-1}}](n\ne 1)$

$3.\int \frac{dx}{x^2-a^2}=\frac{1}{2a}\ln \mid \frac{x-a}{x+a}\mid +C$

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五.含有$a{x}^2+bx+c$的形式
$1.\int \frac{dx}{a{x}^2+bx+c}=\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{2}{\sqrt{4ac-b^2}}arctan\frac{2ax+b}{\sqrt{4ac-b^2}}+C(b^2<4ac)\\ \frac{1}{b^2-4ac}ln|\frac{2ax+b-\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2ax+b+\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}|+C(b^2>4ac)\end{array}$

$2.\int \frac{x}{a{x}^2+bx+c}dx=\frac{1}{2a}ln|a{x}^2+bx+c|-\frac{b}{2a}\int \frac{dx}{a{x}^2+bx+c}$

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六.含有$\sqrt{ax+b}$的形式

$1.\int \sqrt{ax+b}dx$ = $\frac{2}{3a}\sqrt{(ax+b{)}^3}+C$

$2.\int x\sqrt{ax+b}dx$ = $\frac{2}{15a^2}(3ax-2b)\sqrt{(ax+b{)}^3}+C$

$3.\int x^2\sqrt{ax+b}dx$ = $\frac{2}{15a^2}(15a^2{x}^2-12abx+8b^2)\sqrt{(ax+b{)}^3}+C$

$4.\int x^n\sqrt{ax+b}dx=\frac{2}{a(2n+3)}[x^n(ax+b{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}-nb\int x^{n-1}\sqrt{ax+b}dx]$

$5.\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{ax+b}}dx=\frac{2}{3a^2}(ax-2b)\sqrt{ax+b}+C$

$6.\int \frac{x^2}{\sqrt{ax+b}}dx=\frac{2}{15a^3}(3a^2{x}^2-4abcx+8b^2)\sqrt{ax+b}+C$

$7.\int \frac{x^n}{\sqrt{ax+b}}dx=\frac{2}{(2n+1)a}(x^n\sqrt{ax+b}-nb\int \frac{x^{n-1}}{\sqrt{ax+b}}dx)$

$8.\int \frac{dx}{x\sqrt{ax+b}}=\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\ln \mid \frac{\sqrt{ax+b}-\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{ax+b}+\sqrt{b}}\mid +C(b>0)\\ \frac{2}{\sqrt{-b}}\arctan \sqrt{\frac{ax+b}{-b}}+C(b<0)\end{array}$

$9.\int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{ax+b}}dx=-\frac{\sqrt{ax+b}}{bx}-\frac{a}{2b}\int \frac{dx}{x\sqrt{ax+b}}$

$10.\int \frac{dx}{x^n\sqrt{ax+b}}=-\frac{1}{b(n-1)}[\frac{\sqrt{ax+b}}{x^{n-1}}+\frac{a(2n-3)}{2}\int \frac{dx}{x^{n-1}\sqrt{ax+b}}](n\ne -1)$

$11.\int \frac{\sqrt{ax+b}}{x}dx=2\sqrt{ax+b}+b\int \frac{dx}{x\sqrt{ax+b}}$

$12.\int \frac{\sqrt{ax+b}}{x^2}dx=-\frac{\sqrt{ax+b}}{x}+\frac{a}{2}\int \frac{dx}{x\sqrt{ax+b}}$

$13.\int \frac{\sqrt{ax+b}}{x^n}dx=-\frac{1}{b(n-1)}[\frac{(ax+b{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{x^{n-1}}+\frac{(2n-5)a}{2}\int \frac{\sqrt{ax+b}}{x^{n-1}}dx](n\ne -1)$

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七.含有$\sqrt{\pm a{x}^2+bx+c}(a>0)$的形式

$1.\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{a{x}^2+bx+c}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\ln |2ax+b+2\sqrt{a}\sqrt{a{x}^2+bx+c}|+C$

$2.\int \sqrt{a{x}^2+bx+c}dx=\frac{2ax+b}{4a}\sqrt{a{x}^2+bx+c}+\frac{4ac-b^2}{8a^{\frac{3}{2}}}\ln |2ax+b+2\sqrt{a}\sqrt{a{x}^2+bx+c}|+C$

$3.\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{a{x}^2+bx+c}}dx=\frac{1}{a}\sqrt{a{x}^2+bx+c}-\frac{b}{2a^{\frac{3}{2}}}\ln |2ax+b+2\sqrt{a}\sqrt{a{x}^2+bx+c}|+C$

$4.\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{-a{x}^2+bx+c}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\arcsin \frac{2ax-b}{\sqrt{b^2+4ac}}+C$

$5.\int \sqrt{-a{x}^2+bx+c}dx=\frac{2ax-b}{4a}\sqrt{-a{x}^2+bx+c}+\frac{4ac+b^2}{8a^{\frac{3}{2}}}\arcsin \frac{2ax-b}{\sqrt{b^2+4ac}}+C$

$6.\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{-a{x}^2+bx+c}}dx=-\frac{1}{a}\sqrt{-a{x}^2+bx+c}+\frac{b}{2a^{\frac{3}{2}}}\arcsin \frac{2ax-b}{\sqrt{b^2+4ac}}+C$

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八.含有$\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}(a>0)$的形式

$1.\int \sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}dx=\frac{1}{2}(x\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}\pm a^{2}ln|x+\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}|)+C$

$2.\int (x^2+a^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{x}{8}(2x^2+5a^2)\sqrt{x^2+a^2}+\frac{3}{8}{a}^4\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+a^2})+C$

$3.\int (x^2-a^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{x}{8}(2x^2-5a^2)\sqrt{x^2-a^2}+\frac{3}{8}{a}^4\ln |x+\sqrt{x^2-a^2}|+C$

$4.\int x\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}dx=\frac{1}{3}(x^2\pm a^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}+C$

$5.\int x^2\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}dx=\frac{1}{8}[x(2x^2\pm a^2)\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}-a^{4}ln|x+\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}|]+C$

$6.\int \frac{1}{x}\sqrt{x^2+a^2}dx=\sqrt{x^2+a^2}-aln|\frac{a+\sqrt{x^2+a^2}}{x}|+C$

$7.\int \frac{1}{x}\sqrt{x^2-a^2}dx=\sqrt{x^2-a^2}-a\arccos \frac{a}{x}+C$

$8.\int \frac{1}{x^2}\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}dx=-\frac{1}{x}\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}+ln|x+\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}|+C$

$9.\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2+a^2}}=arsh\frac{x}{a}+C=ln|x+\sqrt{x^2+a^2}|+C$

$10.\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2-a^2}}=\frac{x}{|x|}arsh\frac{|x|}{a}+C=ln|x+\sqrt{x^2-a^2}|+C$

$11.\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}}dx=\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}+C$

$12.\int \frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}}dx=\frac{1}{2}(x\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}\mp a^{2}ln|x+\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}|)+C$

$13.\int \frac{dx}{x\sqrt{x^2+a^2}}=-\frac{1}{a}ln|\frac{a+\sqrt{x^2+a^2}}{x}|+C$

$14.\int \frac{dx}{x\sqrt{x^2-a^2}}=\frac{1}{a}\arccos \frac{a}{x}+C$

$15.\int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}}=\mp \frac{\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}}{a^{2}x}+C$

$16.\int \frac{dx}{(x^2\pm a^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}=\frac{\pm x}{a^2\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}}+C$

$17.\int \frac{x}{(x^2\pm a^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}dx=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}}+C$

$18.\int \frac{x^2}{(x^2\pm a^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}dx=-\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2}}+\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2\pm a^2})+C$

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九.含有$\sqrt{a^2-x^2}(a>0)$的形式*

$1.\int \sqrt{a^2-x^2}dx=\frac{1}{2}(x\sqrt{a^2-x^2}+a^2\arcsin \frac{x}{a})+C$

$2.\int (a^2-x^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}dx=\frac{5}{8}(5a^2-2x^2)\sqrt{a^2-x^2}+\frac{3}{8}{a}^4\arcsin \frac{x}{a}+C$

$3.\int x\sqrt{a^2-x^2}dx=-\frac{1}{3}(a^2-x^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}+C$

$4.\int x^2\sqrt{a^2-x^2}dx=\frac{1}{8}[x(2x^2-a^2)\sqrt{a^2-x^2}+a^4\arcsin \frac{x}{a}]+C$

$5.\int \frac{1}{x}\sqrt{a^2-x^2}dx=\sqrt{a^2-x^2}-a\ln |\frac{a+\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}{x}|+C$

$6.\int \frac{1}{x^2}\sqrt{a^2-x^2}dx=-\frac{1}{x}\sqrt{a^2-x^2}-\arcsin \frac{x}{a}+C$

$7.\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}\arcsin \frac{x}{a}+C$

$8.\int \frac{dx}{x\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}=-\frac{1}{a}\ln |\frac{a+\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}{x}|+C$

$9.\int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}=-\frac{\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}{a^{2}x}+C$

$10.\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}dx=-\sqrt{a^2-x^2}+C$

$11.\int \frac{x^2}{\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}dx=\frac{1}{2}(-x\sqrt{a^2-x^2}+a^2\arcsin \frac{x}{a})+C$

$12.\int \frac{dx}{(a^2-x^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}=\frac{x}{a^2\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}+C$

$13.\int \frac{x}{(a^2-x^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}dx=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}+C$

$14.\int \frac{x^2}{(a^2-x^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}dx=\frac{x}{\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}-\arcsin \frac{x}{a}+C$

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十.含有$\sqrt{\pm \frac{x-a}{x-b}}$或$\sqrt{(x-a)(b-x)}$的形式

$1.\int \sqrt{\frac{x-a}{x-b}}=(x-b)\sqrt{\frac{x-a}{x-b}}+(b-a)\ln (\sqrt{|x-a|}+\sqrt{|x-b|})+C$

$2.\int \sqrt{-\frac{x-a}{x-b}}=(x-b)\sqrt{-\frac{x-a}{x-b}}+(b-a)\arcsin \sqrt{\frac{x-a}{b-a}}+C$

$3.\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{(x-a)(b-x)}}=2\arcsin \sqrt{\frac{x-a}{b-a}}+C(a<b)$

$4.\int \sqrt{(x-a)(b-x)}dx=\frac{2x-a-b}{4}\sqrt{(x-a)(b-x)}+\frac{(b-a{)}^2}{4}\arcsin \sqrt{\frac{x-a}{b-a}}+C(a<b)$

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十一.含有$sinx,cosx$的形式

$1.\int sinxdx=-cosx+C$

$2.\int cosxdx=sinx+C$

$3.\int si{n}^{2}xdx=\frac{x}{2}-\frac{1}{4}sin2x+C$

$4.\int co{s}^{2}xdx=\frac{x}{2}+\frac{1}{4}sin2x+C$

$5.\int si{n}^{n}xdx=-\frac{1}{n}si{n}^{n-1}xcosx+\frac{n-1}{n}\int si{n}^{n-2}xdx$

$6.\int co{s}^{n}xdx=\frac{1}{n}co{s}^{n-1}xsinx+\frac{n-1}{n}\int co{s}^{n-2}xdx$

$$\begin{gathered} 7.\int co{s}^{m}xsi{n}^{n}xdx=\frac{1}{m+n}co{s}^{m-1}xsi{n}^{n+1}x+\frac{m-1}{m+n}\int co{s}^{m-2}si{n}^{n}xdx \\ =-\frac{1}{m+n}co{s}^{m+1}xsi{n}^{n-1}x+\frac{n-1}{m+n}\int co{s}^{m}si{n}^{n-2}xdx \end{gathered}$$

$8.\int \sin ax\cos bxdx=-\frac{1}{2(a+b)}\cos (a+b)x-\frac{1}{2(a-b)}\cos (a-b)x+C$

$9.\int \sin ax\sin bxdx=-\frac{1}{2(a+b)}\sin (a+b)x+\frac{1}{2(a-b)}\sin (a-b)x+C$

$10.\int \cos ax\cos bxdx=\frac{1}{2(a+b)}\sin (a+b)x+\frac{1}{2(a-b)}\sin (a-b)x+C$

$11.\int x\sin xdx=\sin x-x\cos x+C$

$12.\int x\cos xdx=\cos x+x\sin x+C$

$13.\int x^n\sin xdx=-x^n\cos x+n\int x^{n-1}\cos xdx$

$14.\int x^n\cos xdx=x^n\sin x-n\int x^{n-1}\sin xdx$

$15.\int \frac{dx}{si{n}^{n}x}=-\frac{1}{n-1}\cdot \frac{cosx}{si{n}^{n-1}x}+\frac{n-2}{n-1}\int \frac{dx}{si{n}^{n-2}x}$

$16.\int \frac{dx}{co{s}^{n}x}=\frac{1}{n-1}\cdot \frac{sinx}{co{s}^{n-1}x}+\frac{n-2}{n-1}\int \frac{dx}{co{s}^{n-2}x}$

$17.\int \frac{dx}{1\pm \sin x}=\tan x\mp \sec x+C$

$18.\int \frac{dx}{1\pm \cos x}=-\cot x\pm \csc x+C$

$19.\int \frac{dx}{\sin x\cos x}=\ln |\tan x|+C$

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十二.含有$tanx,cotx,secx,cscx$的形式

$1.\int \tan xdx=-\ln |\cos x|+C$

$2.\int {\tan }^{2}xdx=-x+tanx+C$

$3.\int {\tan }^{n}xdx=\frac{{\tan }^{n-1}x}{n-1}-\int {\tan }^{n-2}xdx(n\ne 1)$

$4.\int cotxdx=\ln |sinx|+C$

$5.\int {\cot }^{2}xdx=-x-cotx+C$

$6.\int {\cot }^{n}xdx=-\frac{{\cot }^{n-1}x}{n-1}-\int {\cot }^{n-2}xdx(n\ne 1)$

$7.\int secxdx=\ln |tan(\frac{\pi }{4}+\frac{x}{2})|+C=\ln |secx+tanx|+C$

$8.\int se{c}^{2}xdx=tanx+C$

$9.\int {\sec }^{n}xdx=\frac{{\sec }^{n-2}x\tan x}{n-1}+\frac{n-2}{n-1}\int {\sec }^{n-2}xdx(n\ne 1)$

$10.\int cscxdx=\ln |tan\frac{x}{2}|+C=\ln |cscx-cotx|+C$

$11.\int cs{c}^{2}xdx=-cotx+C$

$12.\int {\csc }^{n}xdx=-\frac{{\csc }^{n-2}x\cot x}{n-1}+\frac{n-2}{n-1}\int {\csc }^{n-2}xdx(n\ne 1)$

$13.\int \sec x\tan xdx=\sec x+C$

$14.\int \csc x\cot xdx=-\csc x+C$

$15.\int \frac{dx}{1\pm \tan x}=\frac{1}{2}(x\pm \ln |\cos x\pm \sin x|)+C$

$16.\int \frac{dx}{1\pm \cot x}=\frac{1}{2}(x\mp \ln |\sin x\pm \cos x|)+C$

$17.\int \frac{dx}{1\pm \sec x}=x+\cot x\mp \csc x+C$

$18.\int \frac{dx}{1\pm \cot x}=x-\tan x\pm \sec x+C$

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十三.含有反三角函数的形式

$1.\int \arcsin xdx=x\arcsin x+\sqrt{1-x^2}+C$

$2.\int \arccos xdx=x\arccos x-\sqrt{1-x^2}+C$

$3.\int \arctan xdx=x\arctan x-\frac{1}{2}\ln (1+x^2)+C$

$4.\int \text{arccot}xdx=x\text{arccot}x+\frac{1}{2}\ln (1+x^2)+C$

$5.\int \text{arcsec}xdx=x\text{arcsec}x-\ln |x+\sqrt{x^2-1}|+C$

$6.\int \text{arccsc}xdx=x\text{arccsc}x+\ln |x+\sqrt{x^2-1}|+C$

$7.\int x\arcsin xdx=\frac{1}{4}[x\sqrt{1-x^2}+(2x^2-1)\arcsin x]+C$

$8.\int x\arccos xdx=\frac{1}{4}[-x\sqrt{1-x^2}+(2x^2-1)\arccos x]+C$

$9.\int x\arctan xdx=\frac{1}{2}[(1+x^2)\arctan x-x]+C$

$10.\int x\text{arccot}xdx=\frac{1}{2}[(1+x^2)\text{arccot}x+x]+C$

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十四.含有$e^x$的形式

$1.\int a^{x}dx=\frac{a^x}{\ln a}+C$

$2.\int e^{x}dx=e^x+C$

$3.\int x{e}^{x}dx=(x-1)e^x+C$

$4.\int x^n{e}^{x}dx=x^n{e}^x-n\int x^{n-1}{e}^{x}dx+C$

$5.\int \frac{dx}{1+e^x}=x-\ln (1+e^x)+C$

$6.\int e^{ax}\sin bxdx=\frac{e^{ax}}{a^2+b^2}(a\sin bx-b\cos bx)+C$

$7.\int e^{ax}\cos bxdx=\frac{e^{ax}}{a^2+b^2}(a\cos bx+b\sin bx)+C$

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十五.含有$lnx$的形式

$1.\int \ln xdx=x(\ln x-1)+C$

$2.\int \frac{\ln x}{\sqrt{x}}dx=4\sqrt{x}(\ln \sqrt{x}-1)+C$

$3.\int x\ln xdx=\frac{x^2}{4}(2\ln x-1)+C$

$4.\int x^n\ln xdx=\frac{x^{n+1}}{(n+1{)}^2}[(n+1)\ln x-1]+C(n\ne -1)$

$5.\int (\ln x{)}^{2}dx=x[(\ln x{)}^2-2\ln x+2]+C$

$6.\int (\ln x{)}^{n}dx=x(\ln x{)}^n-n\int (\ln x{)}^{n-1}dx$

$7.\int \sin (\ln x)dx=\frac{x}{2}[\sin (\ln x)-\cos (\ln x)]+C$

$8.\int \cos (\ln x)dx=\frac{x}{2}[\sin (\ln x)+\cos (\ln x)]+C$

$9.\int \ln (x+\sqrt{1+x^2})dx=x\ln (x+\sqrt{1+x^2})-\sqrt{1+x^2}+C$

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十六.含有双曲函数的形式

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十七.常用积分公式

1.狄利克雷积分:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\frac{\sin x}{x}dx=\frac{\pi }{2}$

推广:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }{e}^{-ax}\frac{\sin bx}{x}dx=\arctan \frac{b}{a}$

2.拉普拉斯积分:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\frac{\cos bx}{a^2+x^2}dx=\frac{\pi }{2a}{e}^{-ab}(a,b>0)$

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\frac{x\sin bx}{a^2+x^2}dx=\frac{\pi }{2}{e}^{-ab}(a,b>0)$

类似的积分:

${\int }_{-\infty }^{+\infty }\frac{\cos x}{x^2+px+q}dx=\frac{2\pi }{\sqrt{4q-p^2}}{e}^{-\frac{\sqrt{4q-p^2}}{2}}\cos \frac{p}{2}(4q>p^2)$

${\int }_{-\infty }^{+\infty }\frac{\sin x}{x^2+px+q}dx=-\frac{2\pi }{\sqrt{4q-p^2}}{e}^{-\frac{\sqrt{4q-p^2}}{2}}\sin \frac{p}{2}(4q>p^2)$

3.菲涅尔积分:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\sin x^{2}dx={\int }_0^{+\infty }\cos x^{2}dx=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{2}}$

推广:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\sin x^{k}dx=\frac{1}{k}\Gamma (\frac{1}{k})\sin \frac{\pi }{2k}$

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\cos x^{k}dx=\frac{1}{k}\Gamma (\frac{1}{k})\cos \frac{\pi }{2k}$

4.泊松积分:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }{e}^{-a{x}^2}\cos bxdx=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{a}}{e}^{-\frac{b^2}{4a}}(a>0)$

当$b=0,a=1$时便是欧拉-泊松积分:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }{e}^{-x^2}dx=\frac{\sqrt{\pi }}{2}$

5.欧拉积分:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\frac{x^{a-1}}{1+x}dx=\frac{\pi }{\sin a\pi }(0<a<1)$

推论:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\frac{dx}{a^n+x^n}=\frac{a\pi }{n{a}^n\sin \frac{\pi }{n}}(a>0,n>1)$

类似的积分:

$P.V.{\int }_0^{+\infty }\frac{x^{a-1}}{1-x}dx=\frac{\pi }{\tan a\pi }(P.V.$的含义是柯西主值$)$

6.艾哈迈德积分:

${\int }_0^1\frac{\arctan \sqrt{x^2+2}}{(x^2+1)\sqrt{x^2+2}}dx=\frac{5{\pi }^2}{96}$

7.考克斯特积分:

${\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}\arccos \frac{\cos x}{1+2\cos x}dx=\frac{5{\pi }^2}{24}$

8.伏汝兰尼积分:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\frac{f(ax)-f(bx)}{x}dx=[f(+\infty )-f(0)]\ln \frac{a}{b}$

若$\underset{x\to +\infty }{\lim }f(x)$不存在,则

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\frac{f(ax)-f(bx)}{x}dx=-f(0)\ln \frac{a}{b}$

若$\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }f(x)$不存在,则

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\frac{f(ax)-f(bx)}{x}dx=f(+\infty )\ln \frac{a}{b}$

9.$\Gamma (s)$与$\zeta (s),\eta (s),\beta (s)$的乘积的积分表达式:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\frac{x^{s-1}}{e^x-1}dx=\Gamma (s)\zeta (s)$

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\frac{x^{s-1}}{e^x+1}dx=\Gamma (s)\eta (s)$

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\frac{x^{s-1}}{e^x+e^{-x}}dx=\Gamma (s)\beta (s)$

其中:

$\Gamma (s)={\int }_0^{+\infty }{t}^{s-1}{e}^{-t}dt$

$\zeta (s)=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{n^s}$

$\eta (s)=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{(-1{)}^{n+1}}{n^s}$

$\beta (s)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }\frac{(-1{)}^n}{(2n+1{)}^s}$

10.拉阿伯积分公式:

$R(a)={\int }_a^{a+1}\ln \Gamma (x)dx=a(\ln a-1)+\ln \sqrt{2\pi }$

11.XXXX:

${\int }_{-\infty }^{+\infty }f(x-\frac{a}{x})dx={\int }_{-\infty }^{+\infty }f(x)dx(a>0)$

12.罗巴切夫斯基积分法:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }f(x)\frac{{\sin }^{2}x}{x}dx={\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}f(x)dx(0\le x<+\infty ,f(\pi +x)=f(\pi -x)=f(x))$

当$f(x)=1$时便是狄利克雷积分:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }\frac{\sin x}{x}dx=\frac{\pi }{2}$

类似的积分:

${\int }_0^{+\infty }f(x)\frac{{\sin }^{2}x}{x^2}dx={\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}f(x)dx(0\le x<+\infty ,f(\pi +x)=f(\pi -x)=f(x))$

13.三角函数递推公式:

$①I_n=\int {\sin }^{n}xdx$
$I_n=-\frac{{\sin }^{n-1}x\cos x}{n}+\frac{n-1}{n}{I}_{n-2}$

$②I_n=\int {\cos }^{n}xdx$
$I_n=\frac{\sin x{\cos }^{n-1}x}{n}+\frac{n-1}{n}{I}_{n-2}$

$③{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}{\sin }^n\theta d\theta ={\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}{\cos }^n\theta d\theta =\frac{\sqrt{\pi }\Gamma (\frac{n+1}{2})}{2\Gamma (\frac{n+2}{2})}$

$④I_n=\int {\tan }^{n}xdx$
$I_n=\frac{{\tan }^{n-1}x}{n-1}-I_{n-2}$

$⑤I_n=\int {\cot }^{n}xdx$
$I_n=-\frac{{\cot }^{n-1}x}{n-1}-I_{n-2}$

$⑥I_n=\int {\sec }^{n}xdx$
$I_n=\frac{{\sec }^{n-2}x\tan x}{n-1}+\frac{n-2}{n-1}{I}_{n-2}$

$⑦I_n=\int {\csc }^{n}xdx$
$I_n=-\frac{{\csc }^{n-2}x\cot x}{n-1}+\frac{n-2}{n-1}{I}_{n-2}$

14.$B(p,q)$的积分表达式:

${\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}{\sin }^{p}x{\cos }^{q}xdx=\frac{1}{2}B(\frac{p+1}{2},\frac{q+1}{2})$

其中$B(p,q)={\int }_0^1{x}^{p-1}(1-x{)}^{q-1}dx(p,q>0)$