2.3、Modules:Heirarchy

2.3.1、Modules

module top_module ( input a, input b, output out );
 
    mod_a	mod_a_inst(
        .in1	(a),
        .in2	(b),
        .out	(out)
    );
    
endmodule

2.3.2、Connecting ports by position

module top_module ( 
    input a, 
    input b, 
    input c,
    input d,
    output out1,
    output out2
);
    
    mod_a mod_a_inst(out1,out2,a,b,c,d);
    
endmodule

2.3.3、Connecting ports by name

module top_module ( 
    input a, 
    input b, 
    input c,
    input d,
    output out1,
    output out2
);
    mod_a    mod_a_inst(
        .in1(a),
        .in2(b),
        .in3(c),
        .in4(d),
        .out1(out1),
        .out2(out2)
    );
 

2.3.4、Three modules

module top_module ( input clk, input d, output q );
    wire q1,q2;
    my_dff u0(.clk(clk),.d(d),.q(q1));
    my_dff u1(.clk(clk),.d(q1),.q(q2));
    my_dff u2(.clk(clk),.d(q2),.q(q));
endmodule

 2.3.5、modules and vectors

module top_module ( 
    input clk, 
    input [7:0] d, 
    input [1:0] sel, 
    output [7:0] q 
);
    wire [7:0]	q1,q2,q3;
    always@(*) begin
        case(sel)
        	2'd0:	q = d;
        	2'd1:	q = q1;
            2'd2:	q = q2;
            2'd3:	q = q3;
        endcase
    end 
	my_dff8	u0(.clk(clk),.d(d),.q(q1));
    my_dff8	u1(.clk(clk),.d(q1),.q(q2));
    my_dff8	u2(.clk(clk),.d(q2),.q(q3));
 
endmodule

2.3.6、Adder 1

module top_module(
    input [31:0] a,
    input [31:0] b,
    output [31:0] sum
);
	wire cout_2_cin;
    add16 a0(.a(a[15:0]),
             .b(b[15:0]),
             .cin(1'b0),
             .sum(sum[15:0]),
             .cout(cout_2_cin)
            );
    add16 a1(.a(a[31:16]),
             .b(b[31:16]),
             .cin(cout_2_cin),
             .sum(sum[31:16]),
             .cout()
            );
endmodule

2.3.7、Adder 2

 

module top_module (
    input [31:0] a,
    input [31:0] b,
    output [31:0] sum
);//
    
wire	cout_2_cin;
add16	 u0(
    .a		(a[15:0]),
    .b		(b[15:0]),
    .cin	(1'b0),
    .cout	(cout_2_cin),
    .sum	(sum[15:0])
);
add16	 u1(
    .a		(a[31:16]),
    .b		(b[31:16]),
    .cin	(cout_2_cin),
    .cout	(),
    .sum	(sum[31:16])
);

endmodule

module add1 ( input a, input b, input cin,   output sum, output cout );
    
    assign sum=a^b^cin;
    assign cout=(a&&b)||((a^b)&&cin);     //assign {cout,sum}=a+b+cin
// Full adder module here

endmodule

 2.3.8、Carry-select adder

module top_module(
    input [31:0] a,
    input [31:0] b,
    output [31:0] sum
);
    wire [15:0]  c1,c2;
    wire         sel;
    always @(*) begin
        case(sel)
            1'b0:sum[31:16]=c1;
            1'b1:sum[31:16]=c2;
        endcase
    end
    add16 u0(.a(a[15:0]),.b(b[15:0]),.cin(0),.sum(sum[15:0]),.cout(sel));
    add16 u1(.a(a[31:16]),.b(b[31:16]),.cin(0),.sum(c1),.cout());
    add16 u2(.a(a[31:16]),.b(b[31:16]),.cin(1),.sum(c2),.cout());
endmodule

module top_module(
    input [31:0] a,
    input [31:0] b,
    output [31:0] sum
);
wire [15:0]	sum1,sum2,sum3;
wire		cout;
 
assign	sum = cout ? {sum3,sum1} : {sum2,sum1};   
    
add16	inst1(
    .a		(a[15:0]	),
    .b		(b[15:0]	),
    .cin	(1'b0		),
    .cout	(cout		),
    .sum	(sum1		)
);
add16	inst2(
    .a		(a[31:16]	),
    .b		(b[31:16]	),
    .cin	(1'b0		),
    .cout	(			),
    .sum	(sum2 		)
);
add16	inst3(
    .a		(a[31:16]	),
    .b		(b[31:16]	),
    .cin	(1'b1		),
    .cout	(			),
    .sum	(sum3		)
);    
endmodul

2.3.9、Adder subtractor

module top_module(
    input [31:0] a,
    input [31:0] b,
    input sub,
    output [31:0] sum
);
    wire [31:0] c;
    wire cout_2_cin;
    assign c={32{sub}}^b;
    add16 u0(.a(a[15:0]),.b(c[15:0]),.cin(sub),.sum(sum[15:0]),.cout(cout_2_cin));
    add16 u1(.a(a[31:16]),.b(c[31:16]),.cin(cout_2_cin),.sum(sum[31:16]),.cout());
endmodule