STM32精准捕获输入信号，实现呼吸灯效果，占空比与频率一目了然

呼呼呼呼大睡

已于 2024-04-10 09:44:42 修改

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文章标签： stm32 单片机经验分享

于 2024-04-07 20:36:54 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_65470396/article/details/137468816

版权

摘要：本文介绍了如何在STM32微控制器上实现呼吸灯效果，并结合定时器输入捕获功能测量占空比，以及使用OLED显示屏实时显示占空比和频率。

实验效果:

PA6作为TIM3 CH1的PWM输出引脚，PWM频率10K。用4秒钟把占空比从0%均速升到100%，
升到100%后保持2秒，再用4秒钟把占空比从100%均速降到0%，，降到0%后保持2秒。如此循环
使用TIM15_CH1捕获外部输入信号的占空比

在实验中，我们使用了两个关键的引脚。首先是通用定时器TIM3的通道1，即引脚PA6，它被配置为输出PWM（脉冲宽度调制）信号。与此同时，通用定时器TIM15的通道1，即引脚PA8，被用来执行PWM输入捕获功能。

为了简化实验设置，我们直接使用一根杜邦线将PA6和PA8短接起来。这样，PA6输出的PWM信号就可以直接传输到PA8进行捕获。同时，为了方便观察和验证实验结果，我们使用了示波器来监控PA6上的波形，确保捕获的数据准确无误。

1. 引言

在嵌入式系统中，呼吸灯效果是一种常见的视觉效果，常用于指示灯、状态指示等方面。本文将介绍如何利用STM32微控制器实现呼吸灯效果，并利用定时器输入捕获功能测量呼吸灯的占空比，同时通过OLED显示屏实时显示占空比和频率。

2. 硬件配置

使用STM32微控制器（例如STM32F0系列）作为主控制器。
连接外部呼吸灯至微控制器的PWM输出引脚（例如PA6）。
连接定时器TIM15的输入捕获引脚至外部信号源。
需要用到的工具一块OLED屏幕，一块32的开发板，杜邦线，以及测量工具示波器等，如果手头没有测量工具的可以使用洞洞板焊接一个LED进行测试。

LED洞洞板

0.96寸显示屏

3. 软件实现

3.1驱动代码

由于需要进行OLED屏幕来观看OLED的捕获占空比的情况，如果没有OLED屏幕的，可以使用串口进行打印输出，这里使用的是OLED的，暂时没有使用串口的方式。

OLED.C

#include "OLED_Font.h"
#include "OLED.h"
                 // Device header

//根据自己开发板上I2C的数据线和时钟线来进行修改，引脚配置 和 引脚初始化

/*引脚配置*/
#define OLED_W_SCL(x)		GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_6, (BitAction)(x))
#define OLED_W_SDA(x)		GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_10, (BitAction)(x))

/*引脚初始化*/
void OLED_I2C_Init(void)
{
//	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_I2C0, ENABLE);

//    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
//	RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
//	RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
 	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_OUT;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_Level_2;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
 	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6;
 	GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	OLED_W_SCL(1);
	OLED_W_SDA(1);
}

/**
  * @brief  I2C开始
  * @param  无
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_I2C_Start(void)
{
	OLED_W_SDA(1);
	OLED_W_SCL(1);
	OLED_W_SDA(0);
	OLED_W_SCL(0);
}

/**
  * @brief  I2C停止
  * @param  无
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_I2C_Stop(void)
{
	OLED_W_SDA(0);
	OLED_W_SCL(1);
	OLED_W_SDA(1);
}

/**
  * @brief  I2C发送一个字节
  * @param  Byte 要发送的一个字节
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_I2C_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
	{
		OLED_W_SDA(Byte & (0x80 >> i));
		OLED_W_SCL(1);
		OLED_W_SCL(0);
	}
	OLED_W_SCL(1);	//额外的一个时钟，不处理应答信号
	OLED_W_SCL(0);
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED写命令
  * @param  Command 要写入的命令
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_WriteCommand(uint8_t Command)
{
	OLED_I2C_Start();
	OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x78);		//从机地址
	OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x00);		//写命令
	OLED_I2C_SendByte(Command); 
	OLED_I2C_Stop();
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED写数据
  * @param  Data 要写入的数据
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_WriteData(uint8_t Data)
{
	OLED_I2C_Start();
	OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x78);		//从机地址
	OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x40);		//写数据
	OLED_I2C_SendByte(Data);
	OLED_I2C_Stop();
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED设置光标位置
  * @param  Y 以左上角为原点，向下方向的坐标，范围：0~7
  * @param  X 以左上角为原点，向右方向的坐标，范围：0~127
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_SetCursor(uint8_t Y, uint8_t X)
{
	OLED_WriteCommand(0xB0 | Y);					//设置Y位置
	OLED_WriteCommand(0x10 | ((X & 0xF0) >> 4));	//设置X位置高4位
	OLED_WriteCommand(0x00 | (X & 0x0F));			//设置X位置低4位
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED清屏
  * @param  无
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_Clear(void)
{  
	uint8_t i, j;
	for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
	{
		OLED_SetCursor(j, 0);
		for(i = 0; i < 128; i++)
		{
			OLED_WriteData(0x00);
		}
	}
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED显示一个字符
  * @param  Line 行位置，范围：1~4
  * @param  Column 列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Char 要显示的一个字符，范围：ASCII可见字符
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char Char)
{      	
	uint8_t i;
	OLED_SetCursor((Line - 1) * 2, (Column - 1) * 8);		//设置光标位置在上半部分
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
	{
		OLED_WriteData(OLED_F8x16[Char - ' '][i]);			//显示上半部分内容
	}
	OLED_SetCursor((Line - 1) * 2 + 1, (Column - 1) * 8);	//设置光标位置在下半部分
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
	{
		OLED_WriteData(OLED_F8x16[Char - ' '][i + 8]);		//显示下半部分内容
	}
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED显示字符串
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~4
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  String 要显示的字符串，范围：ASCII可见字符
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char *String)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0; String[i] != '\0'; i++)
	{
		OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, String[i]);
	}
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED次方函数
  * @retval 返回值等于X的Y次方
  */
uint32_t OLED_Pow(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y)
{
	uint32_t Result = 1;
	while (Y--)
	{
		Result *= X;
	}
	return Result;
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED显示数字（十进制，正数）
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~4
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Number 要显示的数字，范围：0~4294967295
  * @param  Length 要显示数字的长度，范围：1~10
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_ShowNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < Length; i++)							
	{
		OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, Number / OLED_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0');
	}
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED显示数字（十进制，带符号数）
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~4
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Number 要显示的数字，范围：-2147483648~2147483647
  * @param  Length 要显示数字的长度，范围：1~10
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_ShowSignedNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, int32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{
	uint8_t i;
	uint32_t Number1;
	if (Number >= 0)
	{
		OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column, '+');
		Number1 = Number;
	}
	else
	{
		OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column, '-');
		Number1 = -Number;
	}
	for (i = 0; i < Length; i++)							
	{
		OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i + 1, Number1 / OLED_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0');
	}
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED显示数字（十六进制，正数）
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~4
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Number 要显示的数字，范围：0~0xFFFFFFFF
  * @param  Length 要显示数字的长度，范围：1~8
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_ShowHexNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{
	uint8_t i, SingleNumber;
	for (i = 0; i < Length; i++)							
	{
		SingleNumber = Number / OLED_Pow(16, Length - i - 1) % 16;
		if (SingleNumber < 10)
		{
			OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, SingleNumber + '0');
		}
		else
		{
			OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, SingleNumber - 10 + 'A');
		}
	}
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED显示数字（二进制，正数）
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~4
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Number 要显示的数字，范围：0~1111 1111 1111 1111
  * @param  Length 要显示数字的长度，范围：1~16
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_ShowBinNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < Length; i++)							
	{
		OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, Number / OLED_Pow(2, Length - i - 1) % 2 + '0');
	}
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED初始化
  * @param  无
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_Init(void)
{
	uint32_t i, j;
	
	for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++)			//上电延时
	{
		for (j = 0; j < 1000; j++);
	}
	
	OLED_I2C_Init();			//端口初始化
	
	OLED_WriteCommand(0xAE);	//关闭显示
	
	OLED_WriteCommand(0xD5);	//设置显示时钟分频比/振荡器频率
	OLED_WriteCommand(0x80);
	
	OLED_WriteCommand(0xA8);	//设置多路复用率
	OLED_WriteCommand(0x3F);
	
	OLED_WriteCommand(0xD3);	//设置显示偏移
	OLED_WriteCommand(0x00);
	
	OLED_WriteCommand(0x40);	//设置显示开始行
	
	OLED_WriteCommand(0xA1);	//设置左右方向，0xA1正常 0xA0左右反置
	
	OLED_WriteCommand(0xC8);	//设置上下方向，0xC8正常 0xC0上下反置

	OLED_WriteCommand(0xDA);	//设置COM引脚硬件配置
	OLED_WriteCommand(0x12);
	
	OLED_WriteCommand(0x81);	//设置对比度控制
	OLED_WriteCommand(0xCF);

	OLED_WriteCommand(0xD9);	//设置预充电周期
	OLED_WriteCommand(0xF1);

	OLED_WriteCommand(0xDB);	//设置VCOMH取消选择级别
	OLED_WriteCommand(0x30);

	OLED_WriteCommand(0xA4);	//设置整个显示打开/关闭

	OLED_WriteCommand(0xA6);	//设置正常/倒转显示

	OLED_WriteCommand(0x8D);	//设置充电泵
	OLED_WriteCommand(0x14);

	OLED_WriteCommand(0xAF);	//开启显示
		
	OLED_Clear();				//OLED清屏
}

OLED.h

#ifndef __OLED_H
#define __OLED_H


void OLED_Init(void);
void OLED_Clear(void);
void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char Char);
void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char *String);
void OLED_ShowNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void OLED_ShowSignedNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, int32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void OLED_ShowHexNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void OLED_ShowBinNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void OLED_I2C_Init(void);

#endif

OLED_FONT.H (这个头文件主要是添加字库的)

#ifndef __OLED_FONT_H
#define __OLED_FONT_H

/*OLED字模库，宽8像素，高16像素*/
const uint8_t OLED_F8x16[][16]=
{
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//  0
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x33,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,//! 1
	
	0x00,0x10,0x0C,0x06,0x10,0x0C,0x06,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//" 2
	
	0x40,0xC0,0x78,0x40,0xC0,0x78,0x40,0x00,
	0x04,0x3F,0x04,0x04,0x3F,0x04,0x04,0x00,//# 3
	
	0x00,0x70,0x88,0xFC,0x08,0x30,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x18,0x20,0xFF,0x21,0x1E,0x00,0x00,//$ 4
	
	0xF0,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0xE0,0x18,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x21,0x1C,0x03,0x1E,0x21,0x1E,0x00,//% 5
	
	0x00,0xF0,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x1E,0x21,0x23,0x24,0x19,0x27,0x21,0x10,//& 6
	
	0x10,0x16,0x0E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//' 7
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0x18,0x04,0x02,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x20,0x40,0x00,//( 8
	
	0x00,0x02,0x04,0x18,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x40,0x20,0x18,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,//) 9
	
	0x40,0x40,0x80,0xF0,0x80,0x40,0x40,0x00,
	0x02,0x02,0x01,0x0F,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x00,//* 10
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x01,0x01,0x01,0x1F,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,//+ 11
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x80,0xB0,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//, 12
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,//- 13
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//. 14
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x60,0x18,0x04,
	0x00,0x60,0x18,0x06,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,/// 15
	
	0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,
	0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//0 16
	
	0x00,0x10,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//1 17
	
	0x00,0x70,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,
	0x00,0x30,0x28,0x24,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,//2 18
	
	0x00,0x30,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x48,0x30,0x00,
	0x00,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//3 19
	
	0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x20,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x07,0x04,0x24,0x24,0x3F,0x24,0x00,//4 20
	
	0x00,0xF8,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x00,
	0x00,0x19,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//5 21
	
	0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x88,0x88,0x18,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x0F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//6 22
	
	0x00,0x38,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//7 23
	
	0x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,
	0x00,0x1C,0x22,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,//8 24
	
	0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x31,0x22,0x22,0x11,0x0F,0x00,//9 25
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,//: 26
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x80,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//; 27
	
	0x00,0x00,0x80,0x40,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00,
	0x00,0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x00,//< 28
	
	0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00,
	0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x00,//= 29
	
	0x00,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x80,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x02,0x01,0x00,//> 30
	
	0x00,0x70,0x48,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x36,0x01,0x00,0x00,//? 31
	
	0xC0,0x30,0xC8,0x28,0xE8,0x10,0xE0,0x00,
	0x07,0x18,0x27,0x24,0x23,0x14,0x0B,0x00,//@ 32
	
	0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x38,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x20,0x3C,0x23,0x02,0x02,0x27,0x38,0x20,//A 33
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,
	0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//B 34
	
	0xC0,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,
	0x07,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00,//C 35
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,
	0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//D 36
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0xE8,0x08,0x10,0x00,
	0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x23,0x20,0x18,0x00,//E 37
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0xE8,0x08,0x10,0x00,
	0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,//F 38
	
	0xC0,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,0x00,
	0x07,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x22,0x1E,0x02,0x00,//G 39
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,
	0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x01,0x01,0x21,0x3F,0x20,//H 40
	
	0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//I 41
	
	0x00,0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x00,
	0xC0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,//J 42
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x88,0xC0,0x28,0x18,0x08,0x00,
	0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x01,0x26,0x38,0x20,0x00,//K 43
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x30,0x00,//L 44
	
	0x08,0xF8,0xF8,0x00,0xF8,0xF8,0x08,0x00,
	0x20,0x3F,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x3F,0x20,0x00,//M 45
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x30,0xC0,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,
	0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x3F,0x00,//N 46
	
	0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,
	0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//O 47
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00,
	0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,//P 48
	
	0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,
	0x0F,0x18,0x24,0x24,0x38,0x50,0x4F,0x00,//Q 49
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x70,0x00,
	0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x03,0x0C,0x30,0x20,//R 50
	
	0x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,
	0x00,0x38,0x20,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,//S 51
	
	0x18,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x18,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,//T 52
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,
	0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,//U 53
	
	0x08,0x78,0x88,0x00,0x00,0xC8,0x38,0x08,
	0x00,0x00,0x07,0x38,0x0E,0x01,0x00,0x00,//V 54
	
	0xF8,0x08,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x00,
	0x03,0x3C,0x07,0x00,0x07,0x3C,0x03,0x00,//W 55
	
	0x08,0x18,0x68,0x80,0x80,0x68,0x18,0x08,
	0x20,0x30,0x2C,0x03,0x03,0x2C,0x30,0x20,//X 56
	
	0x08,0x38,0xC8,0x00,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,//Y 57
	
	0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,
	0x20,0x38,0x26,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x18,0x00,//Z 58
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00,//[ 59
	
	0x00,0x0C,0x30,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x06,0x38,0xC0,0x00,//\ 60
	
	0x00,0x02,0x02,0x02,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,//] 61
	
	0x00,0x00,0x04,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//^ 62
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,//_ 63
	
	0x00,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//` 64
	
	0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x19,0x24,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x3F,0x20,//a 65
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x3F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//b 66
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x00,//c 67
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x88,0xF8,0x00,
	0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x3F,0x20,//d 68
	
	0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x1F,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x13,0x00,//e 69
	
	0x00,0x80,0x80,0xF0,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x18,
	0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//f 70
	
	0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
	0x00,0x6B,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x93,0x60,0x00,//g 71
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
	0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,//h 72
	
	0x00,0x80,0x98,0x98,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//i 73
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x98,0x98,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0xC0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,//j 74
	
	0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
	0x20,0x3F,0x24,0x02,0x2D,0x30,0x20,0x00,//k 75
	
	0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//l 76
	
	0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
	0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x3F,//m 77
	
	0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
	0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,//n 78
	
	0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,//o 79
	
	0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x80,0xFF,0xA1,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//p 80
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
	0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0xA0,0xFF,0x80,//q 81
	
	0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
	0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x20,0x00,0x01,0x00,//r 82
	
	0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
	0x00,0x33,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x19,0x00,//s 83
	
	0x00,0x80,0x80,0xE0,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//t 84
	
	0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,
	0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x3F,0x20,//u 85
	
	0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,
	0x00,0x01,0x0E,0x30,0x08,0x06,0x01,0x00,//v 86
	
	0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,
	0x0F,0x30,0x0C,0x03,0x0C,0x30,0x0F,0x00,//w 87
	
	0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
	0x00,0x20,0x31,0x2E,0x0E,0x31,0x20,0x00,//x 88
	
	0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,
	0x80,0x81,0x8E,0x70,0x18,0x06,0x01,0x00,//y 89
	
	0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
	0x00,0x21,0x30,0x2C,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,//z 90
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x7C,0x02,0x02,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x40,0x40,//{ 91
	
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,//| 92
	
	0x00,0x02,0x02,0x7C,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,
	0x00,0x40,0x40,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//} 93
	
	0x00,0x06,0x01,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x04,
	0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//~ 94
};

#endif

注意：要根据自己开发板上I2C的数据线(SDA)和时钟线(SCL)来进行修改，引脚配置和引脚初始化，不然OLED屏幕是点亮不了的

3.2 呼吸灯控制

全局变量

uint16_t TimerPeriod = 1600;                             // 定时器周期为1600

uint16_t Channel1Pulse = 0, Channel2Pulse = 0;           // 初始化通道1和通道2的脉冲宽度为0

uint16_t IC1Value1 = 0, IC1Value2 = 0;                   // 初始化输入捕获的数值为0

注意：笔者用的是16Mhz的时钟频率，所以周期设置的是1600，最后输出10khz，下图附上计算公式，可以依此来给变量赋值，已达到想要的输出频率

配置定时器TIM3产生PWM输出，控制呼吸灯的亮度变化。

void tim3_cfg_init()  
{  
    TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStructure;  // 定义TIM3时间基准初始化结构体  
    TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OCInitStructure;           // 定义TIM3输出比较初始化结构体  
  
    /* Time Base configuration */  
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler     = 0;                       // 预分频器设置为0，即不分频  
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode   = TIM_CounterMode_Up;    // 设置定时器为向上计数模式  
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period        = TimerPeriod;           // 设置自动重装载寄存器的值为TimerPeriod  
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = 0;                       // 时钟分频因子设置为0  
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0;                  // 重复计数器设置为0，在高级定时器中使用  
    TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure);                  // 初始化TIM3的时间基准  
  
    /* PWM configuration */  
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode         = TIM_OCMode_PWM2;          // 设置输出比较模式为PWM2模式  
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState    = TIM_OutputState_Enable;  // 使能TIM3的PWM输出  
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse          = Channel1Pulse;           // 设置通道1的PWM脉冲宽度  
    TIM_OC1Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure);                          // 初始化TIM3的输出比较通道1  
  
    /* Enable PWM outputs */  
    TIM_CtrlPWMOutputs(TIM3, ENABLE);                                  // 使能TIM3的PWM输出控制  
  
    /* Start the timer */  
    TIM_Cmd(TIM3, ENABLE);                                              // 使能TIM3定时器  
}

实现呼吸灯效果的函数PWM_BreathEffect()，根据亮度变化方向和当前亮度值控制PWM脉冲宽度。

void delayms(unsigned int ms)
{
    unsigned int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < ms; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < 1000; j++)
        {
            // 空循环实现延时
        }
    }
}//延时1s为delayms(1000)
typedef enum {
    INCREASE,    // 增加亮度
    DECREASE     // 减少亮度
} BrightnessDirection; // 枚举类型 BrightnessDirection，用于表示呼吸灯亮度变化方向

void PWM_BreathEffect()
{
    static uint16_t brightness = 0; // 当前亮度值
    static BrightnessDirection direction = INCREASE; // 呼吸灯亮度变化方向

    // 根据亮度变化方向调整亮度值
    if (direction == INCREASE) // 如果当前方向为增加亮度
    {
        brightness += 10; // 增加亮度
        if (brightness >= 100) // 如果亮度达到最大值
        {
            brightness = 100; // 将亮度设为最大值
            direction = DECREASE; // 改变方向为减少亮度
        }
    }
    else // 如果当前方向为减少亮度
    {
        brightness -= 10; // 减少亮度
        if (brightness <= 0) // 如果亮度达到最小值
        {
            brightness = 0; // 将亮度设为最小值
            direction = INCREASE; // 改变方向为增加亮度
        }
    }

    // 根据当前亮度值计算 PWM 脉冲宽度
    Channel1Pulse = (TimerPeriod * brightness) / 100; // 根据brightness更新Channel1Pulse
    TIM_SetCompare1(TIM3, Channel1Pulse); // 设置 PWM 脉冲宽度

    delayms(800); // 控制呼吸速度

    // 如果亮度达到最小值或最大值，停留两秒
    if (brightness == 0 || brightness == 100)
    {
        delayms(2000);
    }
}

3.3 输入捕获功能

配置定时器TIM15为输入捕获模式，用于捕获外部信号的周期和脉冲宽度。

void TIM15_CFG_CH1()
{
    TIM_ICInitTypeDef TIM_ICInitStructure;
    TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
//	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;

    /* Time Base configuration */
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 0x0;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = 0xffff;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
    TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM15, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure);

    TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_1;
    TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_Rising;
    TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_DirectTI;
    TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
    TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0x0;
    TIM_ICInit(TIM15, &TIM_ICInitStructure);

    TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_2;
    TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_Falling;
    TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_IndirectTI;
    TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
    TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0x0;
    TIM_ICInit(TIM15, &TIM_ICInitStructure);

    TIM15_IntputSourceCfg(TIM15_INPUT_TI1, TIM15_IntputSource_TIM3_OC1_TRIG); // 配置捕获源：TIM15 TI1捕获TIM3_OC1_TRIG

    TIM_DTS_Cfg(TIM15);
    TIM_TI1E_Set(TIM15);
    TIM_SelectInputTrigger(TIM15, TIM_TS_TI1FP1);                 //选择TIM15输入触发源：TIM经滤波定时器输入1
    TIM_SelectSlaveMode(TIM15, TIM_SlaveMode_Reset);              //选择从机模式：复位模式
    TIM_SelectMasterSlaveMode(TIM15, TIM_MasterSlaveMode_Enable); //开启复位模式
    TIM_ITConfig(TIM15, TIM_IT_CC1, ENABLE);                      //开启CC1中断

    /* TIM enable counter */
    TIM_Cmd(TIM15, ENABLE);
}

实现中断处理函数TIM15_Handler()，在捕获到信号时更新周期和脉冲宽度的值。

选择通道1、2捕获
void TIM15_Handler(void)
{
    if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM15, TIM_IT_CC1) != RESET)
    {
        IC1Value1 = TIM15->CCR1; //周期时间
        IC1Value2 = TIM15->CCR2; //高电平时间
        TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM15, TIM_IT_CC1);
    }

}

注意：这个的TIM15_Handler可能和大家平常使用的不一样，可以在启动文件里面查看，如果函数写错了，是进不去中断处理的

3.4 占空比和频率测量

实现函数IC_GetDuty()和IC_GetFreq()，分别用于计算捕获到的占空比和频率。

/**
  * 函    数：获取输入捕获的占空比
  * 参    数：无
  * 返 回 值：捕获得到的占空比
  */
uint32_t IC_GetDuty(void)
{
    return (IC1Value2) * 100 / (IC1Value1);	//占空比Duty = CCR2 / CCR1 * 100，这里不执行+1的操作也可
}

/**
  * 函    数：获取输入捕获的频率
  * 参    数：无
  * 返 回 值：捕获得到的频率
  */
uint32_t IC_GetFreq(void)
{
    return 16000000 / (TIM_GetCapture1(TIM15));		//测周法得到频率fx = fc / N，这里不执行+1的操作也可
}

在主循环中使用OLED显示屏实时显示占空比和频率。

主函数代码(main)

int main()
{
    SystemInit();
    SetSysClock(); //主频配置
    RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM15, ENABLE);
    RCC_APB0PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB0Periph_TIM3, ENABLE);
    RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
    RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_GPIOB, ENABLE);

    OLED_Init();		//OLED初始化
    OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "Duty:00%");			//2行1列显示字符串Duty:00%
    OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "Freq:00000Hz");		//1行1列显示字符串Freq:00000Hz
    NVIC_Configuration(); //设置NVIC参数
    GPIO_Config(); // PWM GPIOSET
    tim3_cfg_init();
    TIM15_CFG_CH1(); // TIM3 SET
    while (1)
    {
        PWM_BreathEffect();
        OLED_ShowNum(1, 6, IC_GetDuty(), 2);	//不断刷新显示输入捕获测得的占空比
        OLED_ShowNum(2, 6, IC_GetFreq(), 5);	//不断刷新显示输入捕获测得的频率
    }
}

4. 实验结果

呼吸灯效果流畅，亮度变化均匀。
成功测量到外部信号的占空比和频率，并在OLED显示屏上实时显示。
由于捕获的是高电平，所以占空比是从10到90，如果大家感兴趣可以优化代码，在OLED里面添加逻辑判断，依次达到0到100的占空比。

捕获占空比与频率

利用示波器查看波形与频率是否正常，是否达到10khz的输出频率，是否达到逐渐亮，逐渐灭，然后保持高低电平。

示波器（呼吸灯）

5. 结论

在调试过程中遇到实验效果不符合预期的情况，确实是知识积累和实践经验不足的表现。对于初学者来说，放慢脚步去深入学习相关基础知识是非常必要的。特别是在处理如输入捕获这样的复杂功能时，理解其原理、配置步骤以及可能出现的问题至关重要。

在调试时，如果遇到困难，不妨先回顾一下输入捕获的基础知识，理解其工作原理和配置要点。这样，在检查代码配置时，就能更准确地定位问题所在。

对于提供的代码，虽然可能不适用于所有情况，但其逻辑结构是值得借鉴的。它展示了如何初始化定时器、配置PWM输出以及启动定时器的基本步骤。在理解这些步骤的基础上，可以根据自己的具体需求进行修改和优化。

总的来说，调试是一个不断学习和积累的过程。通过不断地实践、反思和学习，我们不仅能够解决当前的问题，还能够提升自己的技能水平。希望每个学习者都能在这个过程中有所收获，不断前进。

呼呼呼呼大睡

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STM32精准捕获输入信号，实现呼吸灯效果，占空比与频率一目了然

PA6作为TIM3 CH1的PWM输出引脚，PWM频率10K。用4秒钟把占空比从0%均速升到100%，升到100%后保持2秒，再用4秒钟把占空比从100%均速降到0%，，降到0%后保持2秒。如此循环。使用TIM15_CH1捕获外部输入信号的占空比
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