文章目录
1. 旋转矢量推导
1.1 Sequence 1
U a = c o s ( ω t ) U_a = cos(\omega t) Ua=cos(ωt)
U b = c o s ( ω t + 2 π 3 ) U_b = cos(\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}) Ub=cos(ωt+32π)
U c = c o s ( ω t − 2 π 3 ) U_c = cos(\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}) Uc=cos(ωt−32π)
V = U a e i ∗ 0 + U b e i ∗ 2 π / 3 + U c e − i ∗ 2 π / 3 (1.1-1) V = U_ae^{i*0} + U_b e^{i*2\pi/3} + U_c e^{-i*2\pi/3}\tag{1.1-1} V=Uaei∗0+Ubei∗2π/3+Uce−i∗2π/3(1.1-1)
V
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V = U_a + U_b (cos(2\pi/3)+i*sin(2\pi/3)) + U_c (cos(-2\pi/3)+i*sin(-2\pi/3))
V=Ua+Ub(cos(2π/3)+i∗sin(2π/3))+Uc(cos(−2π/3)+i∗sin(−2π/3))
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= U_a + U_b (-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i) + U_c (-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i)
=Ua+Ub(−21+23i)+Uc(−21−23i)
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(1.1-2)
= \left(U_a -\frac{1}{2}(U_b + U_c)\right) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(U_b - U_c\right) \tag{1.1-2}
=(Ua−21(Ub+Uc))+23i(Ub−Uc)(1.1-2)
=
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= \left(cos(\omega t) -\frac{1}{2}\left(cos(\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}) +cos(\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3})\right)\right)+ \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(cos(\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}) - cos(\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3})\right)
=(cos(ωt)−21(cos(ωt+32π)+cos(ωt−32π)))+23i(cos(ωt+32π)−cos(ωt−32π))
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= \left(cos(\omega t) -\frac{1}{2}\left(2cos(\frac{\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}+\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}}{2})cos(\frac{\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}-\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}}{2}) \right)\right) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(-2sin(\frac{\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}+\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}}{2})sin(\frac{\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}-\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}}{2})\right)
=(cos(ωt)−21(2cos(2ωt+32π+ωt−32π)cos(2ωt+32π−ωt+32π)))+23i(−2sin(2ωt+32π+ωt−32π)sin(2ωt+32π−ωt+32π))
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= \left(cos(\omega t) -cos(\omega t )cos(\frac{2\pi}{3}) \right) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(-2sin(\omega t)sin(\frac{2\pi}{3})\right)
=(cos(ωt)−cos(ωt)cos(32π))+23i(−2sin(ωt)sin(32π))
=
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t) - \frac{3}{2}sin(\omega t)i
=23cos(ωt)−23sin(ωt)i
=
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= \frac{3}{2}\left(cos(-\omega t) + sin(-\omega t)i\right)=\frac{3}{2}e^{-j\omega t}
=23(cos(−ωt)+sin(−ωt)i)=23e−jωt
最终得到一个旋转方向为负的旋转矢量，可见相序是负的
1.2 Sequence 2
U a = c o s ( ω t ) U_a = cos(\omega t) Ua=cos(ωt)
U b = c o s ( ω t − 2 π 3 ) U_b = cos(\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}) Ub=cos(ωt−32π)
U c = c o s ( ω t + 2 π 3 ) U_c = cos(\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}) Uc=cos(ωt+32π)
V
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(1.2-1)
V = U_ae^{i*0} + U_b e^{i*2\pi/3} + U_c e^{-i*2\pi/3} = \left(U_a -\frac{1}{2}(U_b + U_c)\right) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(U_b - U_c\right) \tag{1.2-1}
V=Uaei∗0+Ubei∗2π/3+Uce−i∗2π/3=(Ua−21(Ub+Uc))+23i(Ub−Uc)(1.2-1)
=
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t)+ \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(cos(\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}) - cos(\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3})\right)
=23cos(ωt)+23i(cos(ωt−32π)−cos(ωt+32π))
=
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(-2sin(\frac{\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}+\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}}{2})sin(\frac{\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}-\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}}{2})\right)
=23cos(ωt)+23i(−2sin(2ωt−32π+ωt+32π)sin(2ωt−32π−ωt−32π))
=
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(-2sin(\omega t)sin(-\frac{2\pi}{3})\right)
=23cos(ωt)+23i(−2sin(ωt)sin(−32π))
=
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(2sin(\omega t)sin(\frac{2\pi}{3})\right)
=23cos(ωt)+23i(2sin(ωt)sin(32π))
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t) + \frac{3}{2}sin(\omega t)i =\frac{3}{2}e^{j\omega t}
=23cos(ωt)+23sin(ωt)i=23ejωt
最终得到一个旋转方向为正的旋转矢量，可见相序是正的
1.3 Sequence 3
U a = c o s ( ω t ) U_a = cos(\omega t) Ua=cos(ωt)
U b = c o s ( ω t − 2 π 3 ) U_b = cos(\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}) Ub=cos(ωt−32π)
U c = c o s ( ω t + 2 π 3 ) U_c = cos(\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}) Uc=cos(ωt+32π)
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(1.3-1)
V = U_ae^{i*0} + U_b e^{-i*2\pi/3} + U_c e^{i*2\pi/3} = \left(U_a -\frac{1}{2}(U_b + U_c)\right) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(U_c - U_b\right) \tag{1.3-1}
V=Uaei∗0+Ube−i∗2π/3+Ucei∗2π/3=(Ua−21(Ub+Uc))+23i(Uc−Ub)(1.3-1)
=
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t)+ \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(cos(\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}) - cos(\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3})\right)
=23cos(ωt)+23i(cos(ωt+32π)−cos(ωt−32π))
=
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(-2sin(\frac{\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}+\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}}{2})sin(\frac{\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}-\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}}{2})\right)
=23cos(ωt)+23i(−2sin(2ωt+32π+ωt−32π)sin(2ωt+32π−ωt+32π))
=
3
2
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(-2sin(\omega t)sin(\frac{2\pi}{3})\right)
=23cos(ωt)+23i(−2sin(ωt)sin(32π))
=
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t) - \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(2sin(\omega t)sin(\frac{2\pi}{3})\right)
=23cos(ωt)−23i(2sin(ωt)sin(32π))
=
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t) - \frac{3}{2}sin(\omega t)i =\frac{3}{2}e^{j\omega t}
=23cos(ωt)−23sin(ωt)i=23ejωt
=
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= \frac{3}{2}\left(cos(-\omega t) + sin(-\omega t)i\right)=\frac{3}{2}e^{-j\omega t}
=23(cos(−ωt)+sin(−ωt)i)=23e−jωt
最终得到一个旋转方向为负的旋转矢量，可见相序是负的
1.4 Sequence 4
U a = c o s ( ω t ) U_a = cos(\omega t) Ua=cos(ωt)
U b = c o s ( ω t + 2 π 3 ) U_b = cos(\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}) Ub=cos(ωt+32π)
U c = c o s ( ω t − 2 π 3 ) U_c = cos(\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}) Uc=cos(ωt−32π)
V
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(1.4-1)
V = U_ae^{i*0} + U_b e^{-i*2\pi/3} + U_c e^{i*2\pi/3} = \left(U_a -\frac{1}{2}(U_b + U_c)\right) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(U_c - U_b\right) \tag{1.4-1}
V=Uaei∗0+Ube−i∗2π/3+Ucei∗2π/3=(Ua−21(Ub+Uc))+23i(Uc−Ub)(1.4-1)
=
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t)+ \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(cos(\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}) - cos(\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3})\right)
=23cos(ωt)+23i(cos(ωt−32π)−cos(ωt+32π))
=
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(-2sin(\frac{\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}+\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}}{2})sin(\frac{\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}-\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}}{2})\right)
=23cos(ωt)+23i(−2sin(2ωt−32π+ωt+32π)sin(2ωt−32π−ωt−32π))
=
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(-2sin(\omega t)sin(-\frac{2\pi}{3})\right)
=23cos(ωt)+23i(−2sin(ωt)sin(−32π))
=
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= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(2sin(\omega t)sin(\frac{2\pi}{3})\right)
=23cos(ωt)+23i(2sin(ωt)sin(32π))
=
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=
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j
ω
t
= \frac{3}{2}cos(\omega t) + \frac{3}{2}sin(\omega t)i =\frac{3}{2}e^{j\omega t}
=23cos(ωt)+23sin(ωt)i=23ejωt
最终得到一个旋转方向为正的旋转矢量，可见相序是正的
1.5 汇总
Sequence1: 负相序
Sequence2: 正相序
Sequence3: 负相序
Sequence4: 正相序
从上面的对比可以看出，如相序2和相序4所示，正相序的要求是空间上 12 0 ∘ 120^\circ 120∘位置的矢量时间上必须是 − 12 0 ∘ -120^\circ −120∘,至于哪个是B，哪个是C，好像只是个命名偏好而已
2. 坐标变换
那实际运算中如何区分Sequence2和Sequence4呢？在坐标变换的时候有区别!
实际上不同的坐标定义方法对应的Clarke变换已经在前述公式中体现，现把正相序的公式摘抄如下：
2.1 Sequence2
V = U a e i ∗ 0 + U b e i ∗ 2 π / 3 + U c e − i ∗ 2 π / 3 = ( U a − 1 2 ( U b + U c ) ) + 3 2 i ( U b − U c ) (1.2-1) V = U_ae^{i*0} + U_b e^{i*2\pi/3} + U_c e^{-i*2\pi/3} = \left(U_a -\frac{1}{2}(U_b + U_c)\right) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(U_b - U_c\right) \tag{1.2-1} V=Uaei∗0+Ubei∗2π/3+Uce−i∗2π/3=(Ua−21(Ub+Uc))+23i(Ub−Uc)(1.2-1)
因此其对应的Clarke变换公式为：
[
U
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\begin{bmatrix} U_{\alpha} \\ U_{\beta} \\ \end{bmatrix}= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -\frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \\ 0 & \frac{\sqrt 3}{2} & -\frac{\sqrt 3}{2} \\ \end{bmatrix}* \begin{bmatrix} U_a \\ U_b \\ U_c \\ \end{bmatrix}
[UαUβ]=[10−2123−21−23]∗⎣⎡UaUbUc⎦⎤
2.2 Sequence4
V = U a e i ∗ 0 + U b e − i ∗ 2 π / 3 + U c e i ∗ 2 π / 3 = ( U a − 1 2 ( U b + U c ) ) + 3 2 i ( U c − U b ) (1.4-1) V = U_ae^{i*0} + U_b e^{-i*2\pi/3} + U_c e^{i*2\pi/3} = \left(U_a -\frac{1}{2}(U_b + U_c)\right) + \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}i\left(U_c - U_b\right) \tag{1.4-1} V=Uaei∗0+Ube−i∗2π/3+Ucei∗2π/3=(Ua−21(Ub+Uc))+23i(Uc−Ub)(1.4-1)
因此其对应的Clarke变换公式为：
[
U
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\begin{bmatrix} U_{\alpha} \\ U_{\beta} \\ \end{bmatrix}= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -\frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \\ 0 & -\frac{\sqrt 3}{2} & \frac{\sqrt 3}{2} \\ \end{bmatrix} * \begin{bmatrix} U_a \\ U_b \\ U_c \\ \end{bmatrix}
[UαUβ]=[10−21−23−2123]∗⎣⎡UaUbUc⎦⎤
从上面的对比来看，国内大多数教材使用的都是Sequence2的公式。因此，相序命名与相位应该有严格的对应关系，如统一如下：
- 逆时针方向为正方向
- B相的空间角度为 12 0 ∘ 120^\circ 120∘
- C相的空间角度为 − 12 0 ∘ -120^\circ −120∘（或者 24 0 ∘ 240^\circ 240∘）
- B相的时间相位为 − 12 0 ∘ -120^\circ −120∘（或者 24 0 ∘ 240^\circ 240∘）
- C相的时间相位为 12 0 ∘ 120^\circ 120∘
- 对应的Clarke变换公式为
[ U α U β ] = [ 1 − 1 2 − 1 2 0 3 2 − 3 2 ] ∗ [ U a U b U c ] \begin{bmatrix} U_{\alpha} \\ U_{\beta} \\ \end{bmatrix}= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -\frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \\ 0 & \frac{\sqrt 3}{2} & -\frac{\sqrt 3}{2} \\ \end{bmatrix}* \begin{bmatrix} U_a \\ U_b \\ U_c \\ \end{bmatrix} [UαUβ]=[10−2123−21−23]∗⎣⎡UaUbUc⎦⎤
标准波形：
3. 相电压转线电压
U a = c o s ( ω t ) U_a = cos(\omega t) Ua=cos(ωt)
U b = c o s ( ω t − 2 π 3 ) U_b = cos(\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}) Ub=cos(ωt−32π)
U c = c o s ( ω t + 2 π 3 ) U_c = cos(\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}) Uc=cos(ωt+32π)
U a b = U a − U b = c o s ( ω t ) − c o s ( ω t − 2 π 3 ) = − 2 s i n ( ω t + ω t − 2 π 3 2 ) s i n ( π 3 ) = − 2 s i n ( ω t − π 3 ) s i n ( π 3 ) = − 3 s i n ( ω t − π 3 ) = 3 s i n ( ω t − π 3 + π ) U_{ab} = U_a - U_b = cos(\omega t) - cos(\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}) = -2sin(\frac{\omega t + \omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}}{2})sin(\frac{\pi}{3}) = -2sin(\omega t - \frac{\pi}{3})sin(\frac{\pi}{3}) = -\sqrt 3 sin(\omega t - \frac{\pi}{3})=\sqrt 3 sin(\omega t - \frac{\pi}{3} + \pi) Uab=Ua−Ub=cos(ωt)−cos(ωt−32π)=−2sin(2ωt+ωt−32π)sin(3π)=−2sin(ωt−3π)sin(3π)=−3sin(ωt−3π)=3sin(ωt−3π+π)
U b c = U b − U c = c o s ( ω t − 2 π 3 ) − c o s ( ω t + 2 π 3 ) = − 2 s i n ( ω t ) s i n ( − 2 π 3 ) = 3 s i n ( ω t ) U_{bc} = U_b - U_c = cos(\omega t - \frac{2\pi}{3}) - cos(\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}) = -2sin(\omega t)sin(-\frac{2\pi}{3})=\sqrt 3sin(\omega t) Ubc=Ub−Uc=cos(ωt−32π)−cos(ωt+32π)=−2sin(ωt)sin(−32π)=3sin(ωt)
U c a = U c − U a = c o s ( ω t + 2 π 3 ) − c o s ( ω t ) = − 2 s i n ( ω t + ω t + 2 π 3 2 ) s i n ( π 3 ) = − 3 s i n ( ω t + π 3 ) = 3 s i n ( ω t + π 3 + π ) U_{ca} = U_c - U_a = cos(\omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}) - cos(\omega t) = -2sin(\frac{\omega t + \omega t + \frac{2\pi}{3}}{2})sin(\frac{\pi}{3})=-\sqrt 3sin(\omega t + \frac{\pi}{3})=\sqrt 3sin(\omega t + \frac{\pi}{3}+\pi) Uca=Uc−Ua=cos(ωt+32π)−cos(ωt)=−2sin(2ωt+ωt+32π)sin(3π)=−3sin(ωt+3π)=3sin(ωt+3π+π)
转换成余弦可得：
U
a
b
=
3
s
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n
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ω
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3
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=
3
c
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ω
t
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6
)
U_{ab} = \sqrt 3 sin(\omega t - \frac{\pi}{3} + \pi) = \sqrt 3 sin(\omega t - \frac{\pi}{3} +\frac{\pi}{2} +\frac{\pi}{2}) = \sqrt 3 cos(\omega t + \frac{\pi}{6})
Uab=3sin(ωt−3π+π)=3sin(ωt−3π+2π+2π)=3cos(ωt+6π)
U
b
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3
s
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n
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3
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U_{bc} = \sqrt 3sin(\omega t) = \sqrt 3sin(\omega t -\frac{\pi}{2}+\frac{\pi}{2}) = \sqrt 3cos(\omega t -\frac{\pi}{2})
Ubc=3sin(ωt)=3sin(ωt−2π+2π)=3cos(ωt−2π)
U
c
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3
s
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ω
t
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=
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U_{ca} = \sqrt 3sin(\omega t + \frac{\pi}{3}+\pi) = \sqrt 3sin(\omega t + \frac{\pi}{3}+\frac{\pi}{2}+\frac{\pi}{2}) = \sqrt 3cos(\omega t + \frac{5\pi}{6})
Uca=3sin(ωt+3π+π)=3sin(ωt+3π+2π+2π)=3cos(ωt+65π)
注意：上图展现的是时间相位关系，而不是空间角度
对应波形如下：
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