cocos2d-x横版格斗游戏教程3



这一篇要为英雄创造一些小伙伴了，并且需要让机器人会巡逻，会偷懒，会行走，还会攻击英雄，当然也能受伤。其实机器人和英雄有一些共同的属性：攻击力、生命值和行走速度。但机器人是由电脑控制，状态是随机切换的，所以还需要指定巡逻区域、攻击区域、行走方向、决策时间等。

1. 添加机器人

首先更新BaseSprite类，添加攻击力和生命值属性，在BaseSprite.h中添加：

1 2	CC_SYNTHESIZE(unsigned int , m_hp, HP); CC_SYNTHESIZE(unsigned int , m_attack, Attack);

创建Enemy类，代表敌方机器人，这里需要实现简单的AI，让机器人能自动思考，根据具体环境切换自己的状态：

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Enemy.h typedef enum {   AI_IDLE = 0,   AI_PATROL,   AI_ATTACK,   AI_PURSUIT }AiState; class Enemy : public BaseSprite { public :   Enemy();   ~Enemy();   bool init();   CREATE_FUNC(Enemy);   CC_SYNTHESIZE(cocos2d::Point, m_moveDirection, MoveDirection);   CC_SYNTHESIZE( float , m_eyeArea, EyeArea);   CC_SYNTHESIZE( float , m_attackArea, AttackArea)   CC_SYNTHESIZE(AiState, m_aiState, AiState);   void execute( const cocos2d::Point& target, float targetBodyWidth); private :   void decide( const cocos2d::Point& target, float targetBodyWidth);   unsigned int m_nextDecisionTime; };

AiState表示机器人的四种状态：休闲、巡逻、攻击、跟随。机器人还有几个变量，分别表示：行走方向、巡逻范围、攻击范围、当前AI状态。
m_nextDecisionTime表示机器人距离下一次决策的时间，execute函数是在GameLayer.cpp中update函数调用的，定期执行更新机器人状态。decide函数实现机器人怎么决策，是机器人的内心世界。
这里重点分析机器人AI该怎么实现，因为只是一个demo，所以就尽可能的简单些吧。首先机器人需要根据自己的朝向和英雄的位置来思考，如果机器人背对着英雄或者英雄处于机器人巡逻范围之外，那么此时机器人是看不到英雄的，机器人就会随机的选择继续巡逻或者站着偷懒。如果英雄在机器人的巡逻范围内，且被机器人看到了，则机器人需要判断英雄是否处于自己的攻击范围，来决策是攻击还是追过去。每种状态下的思考时间最好设置成随机的，这样更真实。看源码实现：

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Enemy.cpp Enemy::Enemy():   m_nextDecisionTime(0) {}    Enemy::~Enemy() {}    bool Enemy::init() {   bool ret = false ;   do {    this ->initWithSpriteFrameName( "robot_idle_00.png" );    Animation *pIdleAnim = this ->createAnimation( "robot_idle_%02d.png" , 5, 12);    this ->setIdleAction(RepeatForever::create(Animate::create(pIdleAnim)));    Animation *pWalkAnim = this ->createAnimation( "robot_walk_%02d.png" , 6, 12);    this ->setWalkAction(RepeatForever::create(Animate::create(pWalkAnim)));       Animation *pAttackAnim = this ->createAnimation( "robot_attack_%02d.png" , 5, 20);    this ->setAttackAction(Sequence::create(Animate::create(pAttackAnim), BaseSprite::createIdleCallbackFunc(), NULL));    Animation *pHurtAnim = this ->createAnimation( "robot_hurt_%02d.png" , 3, 20);    this ->setHurtAction(Sequence::create(Animate::create(pHurtAnim), BaseSprite::createIdleCallbackFunc(), NULL));    Animation *pDeadAnim = this ->createAnimation( "robot_knockout_%02d.png" , 5, 12);    this ->setDeadAction(Sequence::create(Animate::create(pDeadAnim), Blink::create(3, 9), NULL));    ret = true ;   } while (0);   return ret; }    void Enemy::execute( const Point& target, float targetBodyWidth) {   if (m_nextDecisionTime == 0)   {    this ->decide(target, targetBodyWidth);   } else {    -- m_nextDecisionTime;   } }    void Enemy::decide( const Point& target, float targetBodyWidth) {   Point location = this ->getPosition();   float distance = location.getDistance(target);   distance = distance - (targetBodyWidth / 2 + this ->getDisplayFrame()->getRect().size.width / 2) + 30;   //log("distance=%f, m_fVelocity=%f", distance, m_fVelocity);   bool isFlippedX = this ->isFlippedX();   bool isOnTargetLeft = (location.x < target.x ? true : false );   if ((isFlippedX && isOnTargetLeft) || (!isFlippedX && !isOnTargetLeft)) {    this ->m_aiState = CCRANDOM_0_1() > 0.5f ? AI_PATROL : AI_IDLE;   } else {    if (distance < m_eyeArea)    {     this ->m_aiState = distance < m_attackArea ? AI_ATTACK : AI_PURSUIT;    } else {     this ->m_aiState = CCRANDOM_0_1() > 0.5f ? AI_PATROL : AI_IDLE;    }   }   switch (m_aiState)   {   case AI_ATTACK:    {     this ->runAttackAction();     this ->attack();     this ->m_nextDecisionTime = 50;    }    break ;   case AI_IDLE:    {     this ->runIdleAction();     this ->m_nextDecisionTime = CCRANDOM_0_1() * 100;    }    break ;   case AI_PATROL:    {     this ->runWalkAction();     this ->m_moveDirection.x = CCRANDOM_MINUS1_1();     this ->m_moveDirection.y = CCRANDOM_MINUS1_1();     m_moveDirection.x = m_moveDirection.x > 0 ? (m_moveDirection.x + m_fVelocity.x) : (m_moveDirection.x - m_fVelocity.x);     m_moveDirection.y = m_moveDirection.y > 0 ? (m_moveDirection.y + m_fVelocity.y) : (m_moveDirection.y - m_fVelocity.y);     this ->m_nextDecisionTime = CCRANDOM_0_1() * 100;    }    break ;   case AI_PURSUIT:    {     this ->runWalkAction();     //v.normalize() function return the unit vector of v     this ->m_moveDirection = (target - location).normalize();     this ->setFlippedX(m_moveDirection.x < 0 ? true : false );     m_moveDirection.x = m_moveDirection.x > 0 ? (m_moveDirection.x + m_fVelocity.x) : (m_moveDirection.x - m_fVelocity.x);     m_moveDirection.y = m_moveDirection.y > 0 ? (m_moveDirection.y + m_fVelocity.y) : (m_moveDirection.y - m_fVelocity.y);     this ->m_nextDecisionTime = 10;    }    break ;   } }

当机器人思考接下来该做什么时，就会执行相应的操作和动画。
机器人创造完成了，现在把它添加到游戏中去，修改GameLayer.h，添加下面的代码：

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#define MIN_ENEMY_COUNT 5      void updateEnemies( float dt);   void addEnemy();   void onEnemyAttack(BaseSprite *pSprite);      cocos2d::Array *m_pEnemies;

updateEnemies表示每一次循环都会更新每个机器人的状态，onEnemyAttack是机器人攻击英雄时执行的函数，暂时不实现。m_pEnemies为保存机器人的容器。
修改GameLayer.cpp，添加下面的函数：

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void GameLayer::addEnemy() {   Size winSize = Director::getInstance()->getWinSize();   Point location = Point::ZERO;   Enemy *pEnemy = Enemy::create();   //log("m_pTiledMap->getMapSize() mapSize=%f", m_pTiledMap->getMapSize().width);   float halfEnemyFrameHeight = (pEnemy->getDisplayFrame()->getRect().size.height) / 2;   float heroPosX = m_pHero->getPositionX();   float halfWinWidth = (winSize.width / 2);   while (fabsf(heroPosX - location.x) < 150)   {    if (heroPosX < halfWinWidth)    {     location.x = m_pHero->getPositionX() + CCRANDOM_0_1() * halfWinWidth;    } else if (heroPosX > (m_pTiledMap->getMapSize().width * m_fTileWidth - halfWinWidth)) {     location.x = m_pHero->getPositionX() - CCRANDOM_0_1() * halfWinWidth;    } else {     location.x = m_pHero->getPositionX() + CCRANDOM_MINUS1_1() * halfWinWidth;    }   }   float maxY = m_fTileHeight * 3 + halfEnemyFrameHeight;   location.y = CCRANDOM_0_1() * maxY;   if (location.y < halfEnemyFrameHeight)   {    location.y = halfEnemyFrameHeight;   }   pEnemy->attack = CC_CALLBACK_0(GameLayer::onEnemyAttack, this , pEnemy);   pEnemy->setPosition(m_origin + location);   pEnemy->setZOrder(m_fScreenHeight - pEnemy->getPositionY());   pEnemy->runIdleAction();   pEnemy->setAttack(5);   pEnemy->setHP(30);   pEnemy->setVelocity(Point(0.5f, 0.5f));   pEnemy->setEyeArea(200);   pEnemy->setAttackArea(25);   m_pEnemies->addObject(pEnemy);   m_pSpriteNodes->addChild(pEnemy); }    void GameLayer::updateEnemies( float dt) {      Object *pObj = NULL;   Point distance = Point::ZERO;      Point heroLocation = m_pHero->getPosition();   Array *pRemovedEnemies = Array::create();      CCARRAY_FOREACH(m_pEnemies, pObj)   {    Enemy *pEnemy = (Enemy*)pObj;    pEnemy->execute(heroLocation, m_pHero->getDisplayFrame()->getRect().size.width);    if (pEnemy->getCurrActionState() == ACTION_STATE_WALK)    {     Point location = pEnemy->getPosition();     Point direction = pEnemy->getMoveDirection();        Point expect = location + direction;     float halfEnemyFrameHeight = (pEnemy->getDisplayFrame()->getRect().size.height) / 2;     if (expect.y < halfEnemyFrameHeight || expect.y > (m_fTileHeight * 3 + halfEnemyFrameHeight) )     {      direction.y = 0;     }     pEnemy->setFlippedX(direction.x < 0 ? true : false );     pEnemy->setPosition(location + direction);     pEnemy->setZOrder(pEnemy->getPositionY());    }   }   CCARRAY_FOREACH(pRemovedEnemies, pObj)   {    Enemy *pEnemy = (Enemy*)pObj;    m_pEnemies->removeObject(pEnemy);    m_pSpriteNodes->removeChild(pEnemy, true );   }   pRemovedEnemies->removeAllObjects(); }    void GameLayer::onEnemyAttack(BaseSprite *pSprite) { }

在GameLayer.cpp的update函数中添加：

1	this ->updateEnemies(dt);

在init函数中添加：

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m_pEnemies = Array::createWithCapacity(MIN_ENEMY_COUNT);   m_pEnemies->retain();   for ( int i = 0; i < MIN_ENEMY_COUNT; ++ i)   {    this ->addEnemy();   }

OK，现在编译运行项目，就可以看到屏幕上有5个机器人追着英雄打了，效果如下图：

目前机器人和英雄都没有攻击效果，都是无敌状态，不过他们好日子快到头了，下一篇我们就来让他们接受现实的残酷吧。