1.SCI参考文献的引用
- 1.1 SCI文章中哪些内容需要引用文献?
(1)引言:
只引用最相关的文献。尽管需要多少背景信息取决于读者,但是不要进行综述。只引用最近、最重要、一流的、尽可能接近第一手的文献。在合适的情况下考虑引用评述文章。
(2)材料与方法:
为研究中使用的材料或方法引用第一手文献,包括发表在高影响力期刊上的方法,而不是详述那些方法的细节。
(3)结果:
需要引用文献的陈述通常不在结果部分,而在讨论部分,例如:与前人研究的对比。但是,如果一个简单的对比不适合在讨论中出现,也可以写在结果中,这样就需要引用文献。
(4)讨论:
尽管研究结果是主要话题,但需要在一个广泛的范围内来讨论结果。这意味着需要引用文献来对比研究结果,参考其他研究对结果的解释,或借用其他文章来说明结果的重要性。
- 1.2 如何正确的引用文献?
1、引用要合适、准确
如果你引用的观点确实能够证明自己的观点,那这样是能让自己的文章更有说服力。但有的学生在引用别人的观点时根本没有仔细阅读全文,尤其是英文文献,有时只是硬生生的把别人的观点塞到自己的文章里,导致出现断章取义的情况。还有的是在引用时没有客观的表达作者原有的意思,而把原作者中立客观的表达加上了自己的主观色彩。这种情况要是很不凑巧遇到了原作者作为审稿人,那结果将会是很悲剧的,审稿结果会让文章都没有什么值得修改的余地。所以在引用时一定要谨慎选择想要引用的文献,仔细阅读相关观点的上下文,看是否还有没有额外的适用条件。
2、引用的量要合适
有人认为把别人的观点做论据来论证自己的观点,不管引用多少,都不是抄袭,因为抄袭的界定不在于数量而在于性质。这点确实不假,但如果在学术论文中过多引用就很容易让审稿人觉得都是在罗列别人的观点而没有自己的东西。最好是引用简短的语言,几句话就能说清楚最好。
3、是否能引用原文
关于能否原文引用,有人认为应该在论文中用自己的话把原作者的意思解释过来。但实际上并没有“绝对不可以原文引用”一说,而且,《着作权法》也没有禁止原文引用。在某些情况下比如学术辩论时,需要逐条批驳对方的观点,这种情况下应该是允许并鼓励原文引用,否则对方可能不认可,读者也可能有异议。但是确实要避免大段引用。因为电脑可以在很短时间内匹配庞大的数据库,完成Plagiarism Check。所以为了避免后来要正儿八经回应这个事情,还不如一开始就上点心,少用一点原文。
在引用原文的时候,要注意引语必须要用引号括起来(“”),当引用比较长的句子时(超过四行),引文就必须自正文中独立出来,自成一段,让读者明白这是引语。同时要把原文加到参考文献里面,如果没有加,性质就从引用变成了抄袭了。
- 1.3 引用文献应该注意哪些内容?
1、尽管直接引用在科技写作中比较少见,但是对于原始资料的改写却很常见。如果使用了他人的思想和成果,就需要在正文里注明出处,并将其列在文章最后的文献列表里。
2、参考文献不仅是对他人贡献的一种承认,也可进一步引领读者获取其他感兴趣的文献中的信息。另外,文献还给编辑提供了审稿人信息,并显示了作者对本专业领域的熟悉程度。
3、大多数作者会收集超出稿件所需要的文献。从所有文献中立刻筛选出相关文献比较困难。评述文章因包含大量信息,所以含有很多文献,而研究论文则不同,它应当只列出最相关的文献,并且为使读者容易阅读,应尽量将文献数量控制在合适的或期刊要求的规模。
4、最相关文献通常是期刊论文、书籍和博士学位论文。会议摘要、会议论文集、个人通信和未出版的数据可以在文中以括号引用,但这些文献一般不列在文后的参考文献里,通常只能用来支持研究结果,而不应用来支持任何重要的结论,不能作为最相关或有效的文献。
为降低文献数量,引用原始文章并选择最重要的、水平最高的或最近的论文,而不是列出关于某个话题的所有论文。应当引用第一手资料来证实特定的研究结果,此类资料是经过同行评审出版的科学家的原始数据、结果和理论。在主题的概述中,也可使用评述文章,意在提供关于某个主题的全面概述。
5、尽量选用原始文献。我们很多人也许有这样的经历,写文章前,都会查阅大量与自己论文研究相关的综述。因此在写文章时也会引用大量综述论文(这也是为什么综述文章被引用率都很高)。其实我们在做研究看文献时,都希望看到原始文献。比如,我们在阅读一篇文章的引言或讨论部分,对其引用的某些研究结果很感兴趣,翻倒最后参考文献一看,却来自一篇综述,自己难免失望。还得去查那篇综述去追踪原始文献。因此自己写文章,除了一些概括性的话,在研究进展介绍和解释自己结果时,尽可能引用原始文献。
6、参考文献的数量。参考文献的数量应该和论文的信息量成正相关。比如,一篇研究论文只有很少的研究结果,却在讨论中引用大量文献来进行解释和假设,这样不太好。不过,有些杂志对文献数量有限制。最好奉行“少而精”的原则。
7、尽量选用较新的文献。这样更能突出本领域的最新研究进展和自己科研的意义和价值。同时也能为SCI杂志的影响因子做点贡献。但是,有些自己领域很经典的文献还是不能落下。
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