令 s = x + i y , ( x , y ∈ R ) , s=x+iy,(x,y\in\mathbb{R}), s=x+iy,(x,y∈R), 1 n s = e − x ln n − i y ln n = cos ( y ln n ) − i sin ( y ln n ) n x \frac{1}{n^{s}}=e^{-x\ln n-iy\ln n}=\frac{\cos(y\ln n)-i\sin(y\ln n)}{n^{x}} ns1=e−xlnn−iylnn=nxcos(ylnn)−isin(ylnn)
ζ ( s ) = ζ ( x + i y ) = ∑ n = 1 ∞ cos ( y ln n ) n x − i ∑ n = 1 ∞ sin ( y ln n ) n x = e z ≠ 0 \zeta(s)=\zeta(x+iy)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{\cos(y\ln n)}{n^{x}}}-i\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{\sin(y\ln n)}{n^{x}}}=e^z\ne0 ζ(s)=ζ(x+iy)=n=1∑∞nxcos(ylnn)−in=1∑∞nxsin(ylnn)=ez=0
e z = r ( cos θ + i sin θ ) e^z=r(\cos\theta+i\sin\theta) ez=r(cosθ+isinθ)
实部不能为 0 0 0,(且实部与虚部不能同时为 0 0 0,即 sin θ \sin\theta sinθ与 cos θ \cos\theta cosθ不能同时为 0 0 0),所以 ζ ( x + i y ) ≠ 0 \zeta(x+iy)\ne0 ζ(x+iy)=0 ,即在复数域 ζ ( s ) \zeta(s) ζ(s) 没有零点!