STM32—DMA直接存储器存取

1.DMA简介

DMA可以提供外设和存储器或者存储器和存储器之间的高速数据传输，无需CPU干预，节省了CPU资源

12个独立可配置的通道：DMA1（7个通道），DMA2（5个通道）

每个通道都支持软件触发和特定的硬件触发

2.DMA基本结构

 其中传输计数器是指DMA要转运的次数，DMA每转运一次，传输计数器就减一，直到为0，停止工作；而自动重装器则是在传输计数器为0后，自动复位传输计数器

M2M为1时，软件触发，一般用于存储器到存储器的转运；为0时，硬件触发，一般用于外设到存储器的转运

3.DMA请求

每个外设都有相应的DMA通道，需要一一对应

4.DMA工作案例

4.1数据转运+DMA

4.2ADC扫描模式+DMA

 

 

5.DMA相关标准库函数简介

//DMA恢复缺省配置
void DMA_DeInit(DMA_Channel_TypeDef* DMAy_Channelx);

//初始化DMA
void DMA_Init(DMA_Channel_TypeDef* DMAy_Channelx, DMA_InitTypeDef* DMA_InitStruct);

//给结构体变量赋初始值
void DMA_StructInit(DMA_InitTypeDef* DMA_InitStruct);

//使能DMA
void DMA_Cmd(DMA_Channel_TypeDef* DMAy_Channelx, FunctionalState NewState);

//中断输出使能
void DMA_ITConfig(DMA_Channel_TypeDef* DMAy_Channelx, uint32_t DMA_IT, FunctionalState NewState);

//给传输计数器写数据
void DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA_Channel_TypeDef* DMAy_Channelx, uint16_t DataNumber); 

//返回传输计数器的值
uint16_t DMA_GetCurrDataCounter(DMA_Channel_TypeDef* DMAy_Channelx);

//获取标志位状态
FlagStatus DMA_GetFlagStatus(uint32_t DMAy_FLAG);

//清除标志位
void DMA_ClearFlag(uint32_t DMAy_FLAG);

//获取中断标志位状态
ITStatus DMA_GetITStatus(uint32_t DMAy_IT);

//清除中断标志位
void DMA_ClearITPendingBit(uint32_t DMAy_IT);

6.案例

6.1DMA数据转运

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

uint16_t MyDMA_Size;

void MyDMA_Init(uint32_t AddrA, uint32_t AddrB, uint16_t Size)
{
	MyDMA_Size = Size;
	
	RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1,ENABLE);
	
	DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure;
    //外设起始地址
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = AddrA;
    //外设数据宽度，Byte字节 即uint8_t;HalfWord半字 即uint16_t;Word字 即uint32_t
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte;
    //外设地址是否自增
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Enable;
    //存储器起始地址
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = AddrB;
    //存储器数据宽度
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte;
    //存储器地址是否自增
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
    //传输方向
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC;
    //传输计数器的数据
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = Size;    
    //选择是否是存储器到存储器，即选择软件触发还是硬件触发
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Enable;
    //传输模式，即是否使用自动重装
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Normal;
    //优先级
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_Medium;
	DMA_Init(DMA1_Channel1,&DMA_InitStructure);
	
	DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel1,DISABLE);
}

void MyDMA_Transfer(void)
{
    //重新给传输计数器赋值需要先失能DMA
	DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel1,DISABLE);
    //传输计数器赋值
	DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA1_Channel1,MyDMA_Size);
	DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel1,ENABLE);
	
    //等待转运完成
	while(DMA_GetFlagStatus(DMA1_FLAG_TC1) == RESET);
	DMA_ClearFlag(DMA1_FLAG_TC1);
}

6.2DMA+AD多通道

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

uint16_t AD_Value[4];

void AD_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_ADC1,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1,ENABLE);

	RCC_ADCCLKConfig(RCC_PCLK2_Div6);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AIN;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0 | GPIO_Pin_1 | GPIO_Pin_2 | GPIO_Pin_3;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);

	ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC1,ADC_Channel_0,1,ADC_SampleTime_55Cycles5);
	ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC1,ADC_Channel_1,2,ADC_SampleTime_55Cycles5);
	ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC1,ADC_Channel_2,3,ADC_SampleTime_55Cycles5);
	ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC1,ADC_Channel_3,4,ADC_SampleTime_55Cycles5);
	
	ADC_InitTypeDef ADC_InitStructure;
	ADC_InitStructure.ADC_ContinuousConvMode = ENABLE;
	ADC_InitStructure.ADC_DataAlign = ADC_DataAlign_Right;
	ADC_InitStructure.ADC_ExternalTrigConv = ADC_ExternalTrigConv_None;
	ADC_InitStructure.ADC_Mode = ADC_Mode_Independent;
	ADC_InitStructure.ADC_ScanConvMode = ENABLE;
	ADC_InitStructure.ADC_NbrOfChannel = 4;
	ADC_Init(ADC1,&ADC_InitStructure);	
	
	DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure;
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (uint32_t)&ADC1->DR;
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_HalfWord;
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)AD_Value;
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_HalfWord;
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC;
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = 4;     // 传输计数器
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable;
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular;
	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_Medium;
	DMA_Init(DMA1_Channel1,&DMA_InitStructure);
	
	DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel1,ENABLE);
    //开启ADC到DMA的通道
	ADC_DMACmd(ADC1,ENABLE);
	ADC_Cmd(ADC1,ENABLE);
	
	ADC_ResetCalibration(ADC1);
	while (ADC_GetResetCalibrationStatus(ADC1) == SET);
	ADC_StartCalibration(ADC1);
	while (ADC_GetCalibrationStatus(ADC1) == SET);
	
	ADC_SoftwareStartConvCmd(ADC1,ENABLE);
}