一、norm()
1. 对于Vector,norm返回的是向量的二范数
即:
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||x||_2= \sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{N} {x}^{2}_{i} }
∣∣x∣∣2=i=1∑Nxi2
Vector2d vec(3.0,4.0);
cout << vec.norm() << endl;
/输出5
2. 对于Matrix,norm返回的是矩阵的弗罗贝尼乌斯范数(Frobenius Norm)
即:
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||A||_F= \sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{m}\sum_{j=1}^{n} |x_{ij}|^{2} }
∣∣A∣∣F=i=1∑mj=1∑n∣xij∣2
Matrix2d mat;
mat << 1,2
3,4;
cout << mat.norm() << endl; //输出sqrt(1*1+2*2+3*3+4*4),即sqrt(30) = 5.47723
二、normalize()
清楚了norm()的定义后,normalize()其实就是把自身的各元素除以它的范数,返回值为void。
例如:
vec.normalize();
cout << vec << endl; //输出: 0.6
// 0.8
mat.normalize(); //mat各元素除以mat.norm()
cout << mat << endl;
三、normalized()
而normalized()与normalize()类似,只不过normalize()是在自身上做修改,而normalized()返回的是一个新的Vector/Matrix,并不改变原有的矩阵。
四、测试案例
基本代码
// testing vector
Vector3d vec(3, 4, 5);
cout << "norm_using is:\n" << vec.norm() << endl;
vec.normalize();
cout << "normalize_using is:\n" << vec << endl;
cout << "normalized_using is:\n" << vec.normalized() << endl;
// testing matrix
Matrix3d mat;
mat << 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9;
cout << "norm_using is:\n" << mat.norm() << endl;
mat.normalize();
cout << "normalize_using is:\n" << mat << endl;
cout << "normalized_using is:\n" << mat.normalized() << endl;
测试结果
norm_using is:
7.07107
normalize_using is:
0.424264
0.565685
0.707107
normalized_using is:
0.424264
0.565685
0.707107
norm_using is:
16.8819
normalize_using is:
0.0592349 0.11847 0.177705
0.23694 0.296174 0.355409
0.414644 0.473879 0.533114
normalized_using is:
0.0592349 0.11847 0.177705
0.23694 0.296174 0.355409
0.414644 0.473879 0.533114