圆锥曲线之用齐次法求解直线过定点问题
例1:
已知抛物线 C : y 2 = 2 p x C:y^2 =2px C:y2=2px,其中 O O O为坐标原点, A , B A,B A,B为抛物线上的点,且 O A ⊥ O B OA \perp OB OA⊥OB,证明:直线 A B AB AB过定点.
分析: O A ⊥ O B ⇒ x A x B + y A y B = 0 OA \perp OB \Rightarrow x_Ax_B + y_Ay_B =0 OA⊥OB⇒xAxB+yAyB=0
证明: (1)若直线斜率不存在,设直线为 x = m . x=m. x=m.则 A ( m , 2 p m ) , B ( m , − 2 p m ) . A(m,\sqrt{2pm}),B(m,-\sqrt{2pm}). A(m,2pm),B(m,−2pm).从而 x A x B + y A y B = m 2 − 2 p m = m ( m − 2 p ) x_Ax_B + y_Ay_B = m^2 - 2pm = m(m-2p) xAxB+yAyB=m2−2pm=m(m−2p).
(2) 若直线斜率存在,设直线为 y = k x + m y = kx+ m y=kx+m,由
{ y = k x + m , y 2 = 2 p x , \begin{cases} y=kx+m, \\ y^2 =2px, \end{cases} { y=kx+m,y2=2px,
得
k y 2 − 2 p y + 2 p m = 0 ky^2 -2py + 2pm =0 ky2−2py+2pm=0
从而 y A y B = 2 p m k , y A + y B = 2 p k y_Ay_B = \dfrac{2pm}{k}, y_A+y_B = \dfrac{2p}{k} yAy<