Unity shader 学习记录（复杂光照2-光照衰减与阴影 ）

unity支持四种光源类型：平行光、点光源、聚光灯和面光源。

光源最常用得属性有：位置、方向、颜色、强度遗迹衰减。

1、光照衰减：在前向渲染中添加光照衰减：

Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 9/Forward Rendering" {
	Properties {
		_Diffuse ("Diffuse", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
		_Specular ("Specular", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
		_Gloss ("Gloss", Range(8.0, 256)) = 20
	}
	SubShader {
		Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
		
		Pass {
			// Pass for ambient light & first pixel light (directional light)
			Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardBase" }
		
			CGPROGRAM
			
			// Apparently need to add this declaration 
			#pragma multi_compile_fwdbase	
			
			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			
			#include "Lighting.cginc"
			
			fixed4 _Diffuse;
			fixed4 _Specular;
			float _Gloss;
			
			struct a2v {
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 normal : NORMAL;
			};
			
			struct v2f {
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
				float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
			};
			
			v2f vert(a2v v) {
				v2f o;
				o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
				
				o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
				
				o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
				
				return o;
			}
			
			fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
				fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
				fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
				
				fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;
				
			 	fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));

			 	fixed3 viewDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
			 	fixed3 halfDir = normalize(worldLightDir + viewDir);
			 	fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(max(0, dot(worldNormal, halfDir)), _Gloss);

				fixed atten = 1.0;
				
				return fixed4(ambient + (diffuse + specular) * atten, 1.0);
			}
			
			ENDCG
		}
	
		Pass {
			// Pass for other pixel lights
			Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardAdd" }
			
			Blend One One
		
			CGPROGRAM
			
			// Apparently need to add this declaration
			#pragma multi_compile_fwdadd
			
			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			
			#include "Lighting.cginc"
			#include "AutoLight.cginc"
			
			fixed4 _Diffuse;
			fixed4 _Specular;
			float _Gloss;
			
			struct a2v {
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 normal : NORMAL;
			};
			
			struct v2f {
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
				float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
			};
			
			v2f vert(a2v v) {
				v2f o;
				o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
				
				o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
				
				o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
				
				return o;
			}
			
			fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
				fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
				#ifdef USING_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
					fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
				#else
					fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
				#endif
				
				fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));
				
				fixed3 viewDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
				fixed3 halfDir = normalize(worldLightDir + viewDir);
				fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(max(0, dot(worldNormal, halfDir)), _Gloss);
				
				#ifdef USING_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
					fixed atten = 1.0;
				#else
					#if defined (POINT)
				        float3 lightCoord = mul(unity_WorldToLight, float4(i.worldPos, 1)).xyz;
				        fixed atten = tex2D(_LightTexture0, dot(lightCoord, lightCoord).rr).UNITY_ATTEN_CHANNEL;
				    #elif defined (SPOT)
				        float4 lightCoord = mul(unity_WorldToLight, float4(i.worldPos, 1));
				        fixed atten = (lightCoord.z > 0) * tex2D(_LightTexture0, lightCoord.xy / lightCoord.w + 0.5).w * tex2D(_LightTextureB0, dot(lightCoord, lightCoord).rr).UNITY_ATTEN_CHANNEL;
				    #else
				        fixed atten = 1.0;
				    #endif
				#endif

				return fixed4((diffuse + specular) * atten, 1.0);
			}
			
			ENDCG
		}
	}
	FallBack "Specular"
}

在shader中，环境光只用计算一次，在base pass中计算，add pass 要使用混合，不然会覆盖base pass的颜色。

我们使用_WorldSpaceLightPos0来得到平行光得方向、点光源和聚光灯的位置。_LigthColor0来得到他的颜色和强度。

在不同光源方向计算上，要根据不同光源类型来进行计算。

#ifdef USING_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
	fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
#else
	fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
#endif

然后再根据计算不同光源的衰减：

#ifdef USING_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
	fixed atten = 1.0;
#else
    #if defined (POINT)
	    float3 lightCoord = mul(unity_WorldToLight, float4(i.worldPos, 1)).xyz;
	    fixed atten = tex2D(_LightTexture0, dot(lightCoord, lightCoord).rr).UNITY_ATTEN_CHANNEL;
    #elif defined (SPOT)
	    float4 lightCoord = mul(unity_WorldToLight, float4(i.worldPos, 1));
	    fixed atten = (lightCoord.z > 0) * tex2D(_LightTexture0, lightCoord.xy / lightCoord.w + 0.5).w * tex2D(_LightTextureB0, dot(lightCoord, lightCoord).rr).UNITY_ATTEN_CHANNEL;
    #else
				        fixed atten = 1.0;
    #endif
#endif

unity内部使用_LightTexture0来计算光源衰减，但如果对光源使用了cookie，那么衰减查找纹理就是_LightTextureB0，在上方的代码中也有反应。

2、阴影

我们使用shadow map技术来实现阴影，主要分为两种实现方式：传统阴影纹理技术和屏幕空间的阴影映射技术。

传统的实现原理是生成一张阴影阴影映射纹理，然后把顶点变换到光源空间，再用xy分量对纹理进行采样，如果该深度值小于顶点的深度值（Z分量）说明该点位于阴影中。

屏幕空间的阴影映射技术是先得到光源的阴影映射纹理和摄像机的深度纹理，再根据这两张纹理得