光源类型
光源分为:平行光,点光源,聚光灯,面光源
光源属性有五个:位置,方向,颜色,强度,衰减
前向渲染中,Base部分计算环境光和自法光,Base只会处理一个逐像素的平行光,如果有多个平行光,其他的按逐顶点处理或者在Additional中按逐像素处理。
Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 9/Forward Rendering" {
Properties {
_Diffuse ("Diffuse", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_Specular ("Specular", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_Gloss ("Gloss", Range(8.0, 256)) = 20
}
SubShader {
Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
Pass {
// Pass for ambient light & first pixel light (directional light)
Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardBase" }
CGPROGRAM
// Apparently need to add this declaration
#pragma multi_compile_fwdbase
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Lighting.cginc"
fixed4 _Diffuse;
fixed4 _Specular;
float _Gloss;
struct a2v {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
};
v2f vert(a2v v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
//_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz 方向
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;
//_LightColor0.rgb 颜色和强度相乘的结果
fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));
fixed3 viewDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
fixed3 halfDir = normalize(worldLightDir + viewDir);
fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(max(0, dot(worldNormal, halfDir)), _Gloss);
//平行光没有衰减,因此值为1
fixed atten = 1.0;
return fixed4(ambient + (diffuse + specular) * atten, 1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
Pass {
// Pass for other pixel lights
Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardAdd" }
Blend One One
CGPROGRAM
// Apparently need to add this declaration
#pragma multi_compile_fwdadd
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Lighting.cginc"
#include "AutoLight.cginc"
fixed4 _Diffuse;
fixed4 _Specular;
float _Gloss;
struct a2v {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
};
v2f vert(a2v v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
#ifdef USING_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
#else
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
#endif
fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));
fixed3 viewDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
fixed3 halfDir = normalize(worldLightDir + viewDir);
fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(max(0, dot(worldNormal, halfDir)), _Gloss);
#ifdef USING_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
fixed atten = 1.0;
#else
#if defined (POINT)
float3 lightCoord = mul(unity_WorldToLight, float4(i.worldPos, 1)).xyz;
fixed atten = tex2D(_LightTexture0, dot(lightCoord, lightCoord).rr).UNITY_ATTEN_CHANNEL;
#elif defined (SPOT)
float4 lightCoord = mul(unity_WorldToLight, float4(i.worldPos, 1));
fixed atten = (lightCoord.z > 0) * tex2D(_LightTexture0, lightCoord.xy / lightCoord.w + 0.5).w * tex2D(_LightTextureB0, dot(lightCoord, lightCoord).rr).UNITY_ATTEN_CHANNEL;
#else
fixed atten = 1.0;
#endif
#endif
return fixed4((diffuse + specular) * atten, 1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Specular"
}
如果不想多次调用Additional Pass,可以将一些光源设置为Not Important;
为了避免复杂的数学计算消耗性能,通常光照衰减使用衰减纹理进行查找,即_LightTexture0。查找的是纹理对角线上的纹理颜色值,(0,0)即与光源位置重合,(1,1)距离光源最远。
算衰减值首先把世界空间中的顶点坐标变换到光源空间;
float4 lightCoord = mul(unity_WorldToLight, float4(i.worldPos, 1));
再使用这个坐标的模的平方(避免开方)对衰减纹理采样,得到衰减值;
fixed atten = tex2D(_LightTexture0,dot(lightCoord,lightCoord).rr).UNITY_ATTEN_CHANNEL;
宏UNITY_ATTEN_CHANNEL用来得到衰减纹理中衰减值所在的分量,以得到最终的衰减值;