【cpp/c++ summary 工具】Visual Studio 2022 切换编译器（Clang、MinGW Minimalist GNU for Windows）

• 编译项目时出现了：Compiler ‘MSVC’ is not supported 的CMake Error
• 某些项目可能不支持 MSVC，或专为 GCC、Clang 等编译器设计(比如项目中用到了__attribute__，且并非所有的编译器都支持 bfloat16 类型__bf16)
• 报错的CMAKE语句如下：

#
# Copyright Soramitsu Co., 2021-2023
# Copyright Quadrivium Co., 2023
# All Rights Reserved
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
#

if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "^(AppleClang|Clang)$")
    print("Using Clang")
    include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/compiler/clang.cmake)
elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
    print("Using GCC")
    include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/compiler/gcc.cmake)
else()
    fatal_error("Compiler '${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}' is not supported")
endif()

• Clang、MinGW 和 MSVC 是三种常用的编译器或编译工具链，它们在支持的平台、编译目标和功能上各有不同。下面是它们之间的主要区别：

特性	Clang	MinGW	MSVC
平台	macOS、Linux、Windows	Windows	Windows
编译标准	支持最新的 C 和 C++ 标准	基于 GCC，支持 C/C++	支持最新的 C/C++ 标准，但相对较慢
工具链	基于 LLVM，可与 MSVC 集成	GNU 工具链（基于 GCC/GNU Compiler Collection）	完全微软生态（专有工具链）
库支持	依赖 LLVM 库，跨平台支持更好	依赖开源库，通常无需微软库	依赖微软运行时库
典型应用	跨平台开发，尤其是 macOS 和 Linux	在 Windows 上使用 GNU 工具链	Windows 原生开发，Visual Studio 环境

• 从CMake 代码片段可以看出，该项目当前仅支持 Clang 和 GCC 编译器，下面的部分进行了 Visual Studio 2022 切换编译器。

• 需要改变CMake的工具集配置：
  

vs2022 Clang

• Clang安装较为简单。点击“修改”，并勾选安装C++ Clang开发工具（在vs2022的安装工具的可选部分添加Clang编译器支持）
  

• 切换Cmake设置：
  
  

vs2022 MinGW

• 但是再次编译时，会产生如下错误：

1>     INCLUDE=${env.INCLUDE};C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/tr1;C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/9.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32
1> 命令行: "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" /c "%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\chcp.com 65001 >NUL && "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\CMake\CMake\bin\cmake.exe"  -G "Ninja"  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING="Debug" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH="C:\Users\multisim\Desktop\soralog\soralog-master\out\install\Mingw64-Debug" -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER:STRING="C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gcc.exe" -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:STRING="C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/g++.exe"   -DCMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\CMake\Ninja\ninja.exe" -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/Community/VC/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake" "C:\Users\multisim\Desktop\soralog\soralog-master" 2>&1"
1> 工作目录: C:\Users\multisim\Desktop\soralog\soralog-master\out\build\Mingw64-Debug
1> [CMake] Binary cache uploading is DISABLED.
1> [CMake] -- The CXX compiler identification is unknown
1> [CMake] CMake Error at C:\Users\multisim\Desktop\soralog\soralog-master\CMakeLists.txt:13 (project):
1> [CMake]   The CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:
1> [CMake] 
1> [CMake]     C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/g++.exe
1> [CMake] 
1> [CMake]   is not a full path to an existing compiler tool.
1> [CMake] 
1> [CMake]   Tell CMake where to find the compiler by setting either the environment
1> [CMake]   variable "CXX" or the CMake cache entry CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER to the full path
1> [CMake]   to the compiler, or to the compiler name if it is in the PATH.
1> [CMake] 
1> [CMake] 
1> [CMake] -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
1> “C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe”“/c "%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\chcp.com 65001 >NUL && "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\CMake\CMake\bin\cmake.exe"  -G "Ninja"  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING="Debug" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH="C:\Users\multisim\Desktop\soralog\soralog-master\out\install\Mingw64-Debug" -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER:STRING="C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gcc.exe" -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:STRING="C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/g++.exe"   -DCMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\CMake\Ninja\ninja.exe" -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/Community/VC/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake" "C:\Users\multisim\Desktop\soralog\soralog-master" 2>&1"”执行失败，出现错误:““C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe”“/c "%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\chcp.com 65001 >NUL && "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\CMake\CMake\bin\cmake.exe"  -G "Ninja"  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING="Debug" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH="C:\Users\multisim\Desktop\soralog\soralog-master\out\install\Mingw64-Debug" -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER:STRING="C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gcc.exe" -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:STRING="C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/g++.exe"   -DCMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\CMake\Ninja\ninja.exe" -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/Community/VC/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake" "C:\Users\multisim\Desktop\soralog\soralog-master" 2>&1"”已返回，并带有退出代码: 1”。

• 下载 mingw-w64：https://github.com/niXman/mingw-builds-binaries/releases
• 将编译器地址添加到如下的CMake变量中：
  
  
• 添加gcc的路径到环境变量中，并进行如下修改：

        {
          "name": "CMAKE_C_COMPILER",
          "value": "gcc.exe",
          "type": "STRING"
        },
        {
          "name": "CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER",
          "value": "g++.exe",
          "type": "STRING"
        }

• 也可修改以下的变量：MINGW64_ROOT和BIN_ROOT
  
  

重新配置CMake缓存

• 效果如下：