求满足双调和方程定解问题
{
Δ
2
φ
=
(
∂
2
∂
x
2
+
∂
2
∂
y
2
)
2
φ
=
0
,
0
<
x
<
l
(
17
a
)
∂
2
φ
∂
y
2
∣
x
=
0
=
∂
2
φ
∂
y
2
∣
x
=
l
=
0
(
17
b
)
∂
2
φ
∂
y
2
≠
0
(
17
c
)
\begin{cases} \Delta^2\varphi=(\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2}{\partial y^2})^2\varphi=0,\quad 0<x<l \quad (17a)\\ \frac{\partial^2 \varphi}{\partial y^2}|_{x=0}=\frac{\partial^2 \varphi}{\partial y^2}|_{x=l}=0 \quad (17b)\\ \frac{\partial^2 \varphi}{\partial y^2} \neq 0 \quad (17c) \end{cases}
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧Δ2φ=(∂x2∂2+∂y2∂2)2φ=0,0<x<l(17a)∂y2∂2φ∣x=0=∂y2∂2φ∣x=l=0(17b)∂y2∂2φ=0(17c)
的所有变量分离形状的解。
解:显然这个定解问题的解不唯一,且方程和定解条件都不同于可分离变量问题(1).
设
φ
=
X
(
x
)
Y
(
y
)
\varphi=X(x)Y(y)
φ=X(x)Y(y),代入方程(17a)并除以
φ
\varphi
φ,得
X
(
4
)
X
+
2
X
′
′
T
′
′
X
Y
+
Y
(
4
)
Y
=
0
(18)
\frac{X^{(4)}}{X}+2\frac{X''T''}{XY}+\frac{Y^{(4)}}{Y}=0 \tag{18}
XX(4)+2XYX′′T′′+YY(4)=0(18)
将上式对y求导,得
2
X
′
′
X
(
Y
′
′
Y
)
′
+
(
Y
(
4
)
Y
)
′
=
0
2\frac{X''}{X}(\frac{Y''}{Y})'+(\frac{Y^{(4)}}{Y})'=0
2XX′′(YY′′)′+(YY(4))′=0
从而,可推得
X
′
′
=
−
λ
X
X
(
4
)
=
(
−
λ
X
)
′
′
=
λ
2
X
X''=-\lambda X \\ X^{(4)}=(-\lambda X)''=\lambda^2 X
X′′=−λXX(4)=(−λX)′′=λ2X
代入方程(18),便有
Y
(
y
)
Y(y)
Y(y)满足的方程
Y
(
4
)
−
2
λ
Y
′
′
+
λ
2
Y
=
0
Y^{(4)}-2\lambda Y''+\lambda^2Y=0
Y(4)−2λY′′+λ2Y=0
又将
φ
=
X
(
x
)
Y
(
y
)
\varphi=X(x)Y(y)
φ=X(x)Y(y)代入定解条件(17b)式,(17c)式,得
∂
2
φ
∂
y
2
∣
x
=
0
=
X
(
0
)
Y
′
′
(
y
)
=
0
∂
2
φ
∂
y
2
∣
x
=
l
=
X
(
l
)
Y
′
′
(
y
)
=
0
∂
2
φ
∂
y
2
=
X
(
x
)
Y
′
′
(
y
)
≠
0
\frac{\partial^2\varphi}{\partial y^2}|_{x=0}=X(0)Y''(y)=0 \\ \frac{\partial^2\varphi}{\partial y^2}|_{x=l}=X(l)Y''(y)=0 \\ \frac{\partial^2\varphi}{\partial y^2}=X(x)Y''(y)\neq 0
∂y2∂2φ∣x=0=X(0)Y′′(y)=0∂y2∂2φ∣x=l=X(l)Y′′(y)=0∂y2∂2φ=X(x)Y′′(y)=0
可知
Y
′
′
(
y
)
≠
0
Y''(y)\neq 0
Y′′(y)=0,从而有
X
(
0
)
=
X
(
l
)
=
0
X(0)=X(l)=0
X(0)=X(l)=0
解得
λ
n
=
(
n
π
l
)
2
,
X
n
(
x
)
=
s
i
n
n
π
l
x
,
n
=
1
,
2
,
⋯
\lambda_n=(\frac{n\pi}{l})^2, \quad X_n(x)=sin\frac{n\pi}{l}x,\quad n=1,2,\cdots
λn=(lnπ)2,Xn(x)=sinlnπx,n=1,2,⋯
代入
Y
(
y
)
Y(y)
Y(y)满足的4阶常微分方程,其特征方程为
k
4
−
2
(
n
π
l
)
2
k
2
+
(
n
π
l
)
4
=
0
k^4-2(\frac{n\pi}{l})^2k^2+(\frac{n\pi}{l})^4=0
k4−2(lnπ)2k2+(lnπ)4=0
有两个二重根
k
1
,
2
=
n
π
l
,
k
3
,
4
=
−
n
π
l
k_{1,2}=\frac{n\pi}{l},\quad k_{3,4}=-\frac{n\pi}{l}
k1,2=lnπ,k3,4=−lnπ
解得相应的
Y
n
(
y
)
=
(
A
n
+
B
n
y
)
c
h
n
π
l
y
+
(
C
n
+
D
n
y
)
s
h
n
π
l
y
Y_n(y)=(A_n+B_ny)ch\frac{n\pi}{l}y+(C_n+D_ny)sh\frac{n\pi}{l}y
Yn(y)=(An+Bny)chlnπy+(Cn+Dny)shlnπy
问题(17)式的全部变量分离形状解为
{
s
i
n
n
π
l
x
[
(
A
n
+
B
n
y
)
c
h
n
π
l
y
+
(
C
n
+
D
n
y
)
s
h
n
π
l
y
]
}
,
n
=
1
,
2
,
⋯
,
\{sin\frac{n\pi}{l}x[(A_n+B_ny)ch\frac{n\pi}{l}y+(C_n+D_ny)sh\frac{n\pi}{l}y]\}, \quad n=1,2,\cdots,
{sinlnπx[(An+Bny)chlnπy+(Cn+Dny)shlnπy]},n=1,2,⋯,