基于keras实现多标签分类（multi-label classification）

首先讨论多标签分类数据集（以及如何快速构建自己的数据集）。

之后简要讨论SmallerVGGNet，我们将实现的Keras神经网络架构，并用于多标签分类。

然后我们将实施SmallerVGGNet并使用我们的多标签分类数据集对其进行训练。

最后，我们将通过在示例图像上测试我们的网络，并讨论何时适合多标签分类，包括需要注意的一些注意事项。

multi-label classification dataset

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数据集包含六个类别的2,167个图像，包括：

黑色牛仔裤（344图像）
蓝色连衣裙（386图像）
蓝色牛仔裤（356图像）
蓝色衬衫（369图像）
红色连衣裙（380图像）
红色衬衫（332图像）

6类图像数据可以通过python爬虫在网站上抓取得到。

为了方便起见，可以通过使用Bing图像搜索API（Microsoft’s Bing Image Search API）建立图像数据（需要在线注册获得api key，使用key进行图像搜索），python代码：

# import the necessary packages
from requests import exceptions
import argparse
import requests
import cv2
import os
 
# construct the argument parser and parse the arguments
ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("-q", "--query", required=True,
	help="search query to search Bing Image API for")
ap.add_argument("-o", "--output", required=True,
	help="path to output directory of images")
args = vars(ap.parse_args())

# set your Microsoft Cognitive Services API key along with (1) the
# maximum number of results for a given search and (2) the group size
# for results (maximum of 50 per request)
API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY_GOES_HERE"
MAX_RESULTS = 250
GROUP_SIZE = 50
 
# set the endpoint API URL
URL = "https://api.cognitive.microsoft.com/bing/v7.0/images/search"

# when attempting to download images from the web both the Python
# programming language and the requests library have a number of
# exceptions that can be thrown so let's build a list of them now
# so we can filter on them
EXCEPTIONS = set([IOError, FileNotFoundError,
	exceptions.RequestException, exceptions.HTTPError,
	exceptions.ConnectionError, exceptions.Timeout])

# store the search term in a convenience variable then set the
# headers and search parameters
term = args["query"]
headers = {"Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key" : API_KEY}
params = {"q": term, "offset": 0, "count": GROUP_SIZE}
 
# make the search
print("[INFO] searching Bing API for '{}'".format(term))
search = requests.get(URL, headers=headers, params=params)
search.raise_for_status()
 
# grab the results from the search, including the total number of
# estimated results returned by the Bing API
results = search.json()
estNumResults = min(results["totalEstimatedMatches"], MAX_RESULTS)
print("[INFO] {} total results for '{}'".format(estNumResults,
	term))
 
# initialize the total number of images downloaded thus far
total = 0

# loop over the estimated number of results in `GROUP_SIZE` groups
for offset in range(0, estNumResults, GROUP_SIZE):
	# update the search parameters using the current offset, then
	# make the request to fetch the results
	print("[INFO] making request for group {}-{} of {}...".format(
		offset, offset + GROUP_SIZE, estNumResults))
	params["offset"] = offset
	search = requests.get(URL, headers=headers, params=params)
	search.raise_for_status()
	results = search.json()
	print("[INFO] saving images for group {}-{} of {}...".format(
		offset, offset + GROUP_SIZE, estNumResults))

    # loop over the results
	for v in results["value"]:
		# try to download the image
		try:
			# make a request to download the image
			print("[INFO] fetching: {}".format(v["contentUrl"]))
			r = requests.get(v["contentUrl"], timeout=30)
 
			# build the path to the output image
			ext = v["contentUrl"][v["contentUrl"].rfind("."):]
			p = os.path.sep.join([args["output"], "{}{}".format(
				str(total).zfill(8), ext)])
 
			# write the image to disk
			f = open(p, "wb")
			f.write(r.content)
			f.close()
 
		# catch any errors that would not unable us to download the
		# image
		except Exception as e:
			# check to see if our exception is in our list of
			# exceptions to check for
			if type(e) in EXCEPTIONS:
				print("[INFO] skipping: {}".format(v["contentUrl"]))
				continue

        # try to load the image from disk
		image = cv2.imread(p)
 
		# if the image is `None` then we could not properly load the
		# image from disk (so it should be ignored)
		if i