论文阅读:Examining the robustness of LLM evaluation to the distributional assumptions of benchmarks

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.16966v2
这篇论文主要探讨了大型语言模型(LLMs)在基准测试中的评估问题,特别是关注了基准测试中提示的分布假设对模型评估的影响。

背景与动机:
大型语言模型(LLMs)在自然语言处理领域取得了显著进展,但它们的评估方法存在挑战。传统的评估方法通常假设基准测试中的提示是独立同分布(i.i.d.)的样本,这种假设可能不准确,因为实际应用中提示的分布可能因用例而异。因此,研究者们提出了研究LLMs评估的鲁棒性,特别是针对基准测试中提示的分布假设。

研究问题:
论文主要研究了以下问题:基准测试中的提示权重是否对模型的评估结果有显著影响;模型在不同提示上的表现是否相关;以及这种相关性是否由提示的语义相似性所驱动。

实验设置与方法:

  • 基准测试选择:研究者选择了ANLI、HellaSwag、CommonsenseQA和CNN/Daily Mail四个不同的基准测试,覆盖了自然语言推理、常识推理和文本摘要等任务。
  • 评估指标:对于二元结果的基准测试(如ANLI),使用平均准确率;对于连续结果的CNN/Daily Mail,使用ROUGE得分和余弦相似度。
  • 模型选择:包括来自不同开发者的多种LLMs,如GPT、Llama和其他流行的模型。
  • 方法:通过排列测试和线性回归分析来评估提示性能向量之间的相关性,以及语义相似性与模型表现相似性之间的关系。

主要发现:

  • 模型在不同提示上的表现是显著相关的,尤其是ANLI和CommonsenseQA。
  • 在某些情况下,改变提示的权重可以显著改变模型的相对排名。
  • CNN/Daily Mail显示出语义相似性与模型表现相似性之间的显著关系,而其他基准测试则没有。
  • 提示的语义相似性可能是模型表现相似性的因素之一,但更可能源于LLMs的共同失败点。

结论与未来工作:

  • 论文得出结论,基准测试中的分布假设对LLMs的评估有显著影响,且非均匀权重的使用可能会显著改变模型间的比较结果。
  • 提出了一种新的方法来评估基准测试的鲁棒性和适当性,通过分析多个LLMs在主要基准测试上的表现。
  • 未来的工作可能包括开发更全面的去偏见方法,识别其他可能解释模型表现相关性的因素,并利用这些信息来改进基准测试的设计。

局限性:

  • 研究需要访问多个LLMs,这可能在计算上非常昂贵,并需要GPU资源。
  • 提供全面的去偏见方法不在当前工作范围之内。
  • 研究仅触及了为什么不同LLMs在多个提示上的表现相似的表面,还有许多其他因素需要进一步探索。
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On the Criterion of Substantial Similarity of Artistic Works in American Law and the Controversy of Its Infringement BoundaryAmerican law has long recognized that copyright protects creators from the unauthorized use of their artistic works. The law requires that there be a substantial similarity between the original work and any potential infringing work before the infringing work can be held liable for copyright infringement. In this paper, I will discuss the criteria used to determine substantial similarity in American law, the controversy surrounding its infringement boundary, and the implications of these issues for creators.To determine substantial similarity in American law, courts consider a variety of factors, including the purpose and character of the work, the similarity of the works, and the amount of copying that has taken place. The purpose and character of the work is generally determined by examining the source material, the original expression of ideas, and the similarities between the two works. The similarity of the works is assessed by considering the amount of copying that has occurred, the similarities in the subject matter, and the degree of similarity. Finally, the amount of copying is weighed by considering whether the work's substantial elements were copied, and how much of the work was copied.The controversy surrounding the substantial similarity of artistic works in American law is largely due to the fact that it is difficult to determine where to draw the line between legal and illegal copying. This is especially problematic for creators as it is often difficult to prove that their work has been copied by another artist. Additionally, the amount of copying that is considered to be infringing can vary from case to case, resulting in inconsistencies in the law.The implications of the substantial similarity of artistic works in American law are far-reaching. On one hand, it allows creators to protect their works by preventing others from using their ideas without permission. On the other hand, it can be used to stifle creativity by preventing new works from being created. Additionally, it can be used to prevent the dissemination of information, which can have a negative impact on the public's right to access knowledge and information.In conclusion, the substantial similarity of artistic works in American law is an important and complex issue. It is important for creators to be aware of the criteria used to determine substantial similarity and the controversy surrounding its infringement boundary. Additionally, they should be mindful of the implications of the substantial similarity of artistic works in American law and take steps to protect their works from potential infringement.
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