Children’s Queue
Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)Total Submission(s): 12019 Accepted Submission(s): 3912
Problem Description
There are many students in PHT School. One day, the headmaster whose name is PigHeader wanted all students stand in a line. He prescribed that girl can not be in single. In other words, either no girl in the queue or more than one girl stands side by side. The case n=4 (n is the number of children) is like
FFFF, FFFM, MFFF, FFMM, MFFM, MMFF, MMMM
Here F stands for a girl and M stands for a boy. The total number of queue satisfied the headmaster’s needs is 7. Can you make a program to find the total number of queue with n children?
FFFF, FFFM, MFFF, FFMM, MFFM, MMFF, MMMM
Here F stands for a girl and M stands for a boy. The total number of queue satisfied the headmaster’s needs is 7. Can you make a program to find the total number of queue with n children?
Input
There are multiple cases in this problem and ended by the EOF. In each case, there is only one integer n means the number of children (1<=n<=1000)
Output
For each test case, there is only one integer means the number of queue satisfied the headmaster’s needs.
Sample Input
1 2 3
Sample Output
1 2 4
1.解释:
按照最后一个人的性别分析,他要么是男,要么是女,所以可以分两大类讨论:
1、如果n个人的合法队列的最后一个人是男,则对前面n-1个人的队列没有任何限制,他只要站在最后即可,所以,这种情况一共有F(n-1);
2、如果n个人的合法队列的最后一个人是女,则要求队列的第n-1个人务必也是女生,这就是说,限定了最后两个人必须都是女生,这又可以分两种情况;
2.1、如果队列的前n-2个人是合法的队列,则显然后面再加两个女生,也一定是合法的,这种情况有F(n-2);
2.2、但是,难点在于,即使前面n-2个人不是合法的队列,加上两个女生也有可能是合法的,当然,这种长度为n-2的不合法队列,不合法的地方必须是尾巴,就是说,这里说的长度是n-2的不合法串的形式必须是“F(n-4)+男+女”,这种情况一共有F(n-4).
所以,通过以上的分析,可以得到递推的通项公式: F(n)=F(n-1)+F(n-2)+F(n-4) (n>3)然后就是对n<=3 的一些特殊情况的处理了,显然:F(0)=1 (没有人也是合法的,这个可以特殊处理,就像0的阶乘定义为1一样) F(1)=1 F(2)=2 F(3)=4
F(n)=F(n-1)+F(n-2)+F(n-4)
2.代码
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//大数相加,可以用以下模版解决。熟记模版很重要~~
string add(string s1,string s2)
{
int j,l,la,lb;
string max,min;
max=s1;min=s2;
if(s1.length()<s2.length()) {max=s2;min=s1;}
la=max.size();lb=min.size();
l=la-1;
for(j=lb-1;j>=0;j--,l--) max[l] += min[j]-'0';
for(j=la-1;j>=1;j--) if(max[j]>'9'){max[j]-=10;max[j-1]++;}
if(max[0]>'9') {max[0]-=10;max='1'+max;}
return max;
}
int main(){
int n,i;
string a[1001];
a[0]="1";
a[1]="1";
a[2]="2";
a[3]="4";
for(i=4;i<1001;++i)
a[i]=add(add(a[i-1],a[i-2]),a[i-4]);
while(cin>>n)
cout<<a[n]<<endl;
return 0;
}
下面是java代码:
import java.math.*;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class Main
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner cin=new Scanner(System.in);
BigInteger f[]=new BigInteger[1010];
f[0]=BigInteger.valueOf(1);
f[1]=BigInteger.valueOf(1);
f[2]=BigInteger.valueOf(2);
f[3]=BigInteger.valueOf(4);
for(int i=4;i<=1000;i++)
f[i]=f[i-1].add(f[i-2].add(f[i-4]));
int n;
while(cin.hasNext())
{
n=cin.nextInt();
System.out.println(f[n]);
}
}
}