UFC760BE42 3BHE004573R0042整个设施的大量设备提供监测和控制

NASA格伦的中央处理系统（CPS）为格伦的主要风洞和推进试验设施提供燃烧空气（1250 Psig）、高空排气（90000 ft）、冷冻空气（-90 Deg F）、冷却塔水和厂用空气。•CPS由20英里长的工艺管道和600个阀门组成，用于将上述系统连接到各种测试设施。•DCS/PLC/压力和浪涌控制器系统由近100个PID控制回路和12000多个I/O点组成，为整个设施的大量设备提供监测和控制。•安装了超过12英里的双冗余数据高速公路电缆，以连接这些基本服务的控制/数据系统。

一次用DCS系统替换整个PLC系统，这需要大量的逻辑转换和测试•两阶段方法：–第一阶段将用DCS I/O替换PLC I/O–第二阶段实际上将PLC逻辑转换为DCS逻辑•选择拆分方法是为了限度地减少停机时间并防止复杂的检查过程。

The basic design concept of DCS system is to decentralize control tasks and centralize monitoring and management. By decentralizing control functions, the risk of endangering the controlled system due to control device failures is reduced; Realize information sharing and organic coordination among subsystems through high-speed communication networks; Maximize the effectiveness of control systems through centralized monitoring and management; Improve the reliability and availability of the system through redundancy technology.

Due to insufficient attention paid to the basic concept of DCS decentralized control, insufficient number of decentralized control units or unreasonable functional allocation can easily lead to dangerous concentration and even serious accidents. Due to insufficient configuration of decentralized control units in the DCS system, the monitoring, control, and protection functions of the boiler steam water system for a certain 1 OOMW unit are all concentrated in a pair of DPUs. Due to the simultaneous failure of this pair of DPUs, the monitoring, operation, and protection functions of the steam water system were all lost, ultimately leading to a boiler water outage accident. According to the processing capacity of decentralized control units, DCS systems from different manufacturers can be roughly divided into two categories: large controllers and small controllers.

In the fierce market competition, most people's attention is focused on the price of equipment, while ignoring the impact of system configuration on safety and reliability. Especially with the rapid development of computer technology, the processing power of microprocessors is exponentially increasing, and the processing power of decentralized control units is also continuously improving. For systems using large controllers, using a small number of decentralized control units can fully meet the requirements of performance indicators such as load rate, and can reduce prices, but the result is excessive risk concentration. For systems using small controllers, in order to be competitive in price, it is also necessary to minimize the number of decentralized control units as much as possible, resulting in a decrease in performance indicators.