在看Introduction to 3D Game Programming with DirectX 9.0的代码时,发现了一个camera类,感觉简单实用,思路清晰。它很容易扩展,做到了与具体的输入设备无关。
camera.h
class Camera
{
public:
enum CameraType { LANDOBJECT, AIRCRAFT };
Camera();
Camera(CameraType cameraType);
~Camera();
void strafe(float units); // left/right
void fly(float units); // up/down
void walk(float units); // forward/backward
void pitch(float angle); // rotate on right vector
void yaw(float angle); // rotate on up vector
void roll(float angle); // rotate on look vector
void getViewMatrix(D3DXMATRIX* V);
void setCameraType(CameraType cameraType);
void getPosition(D3DXVECTOR3* pos);
void setPosition(D3DXVECTOR3* pos);
void getRight(D3DXVECTOR3* right);
void getUp(D3DXVECTOR3* up);
void getLook(D3DXVECTOR3* look);
private:
CameraType _cameraType;
D3DXVECTOR3 _right;
D3DXVECTOR3 _up;
D3DXVECTOR3 _look;
D3DXVECTOR3 _pos;
};
camera.cpp
#include "camera.h"
Camera::Camera()
{
_cameraType = AIRCRAFT;
_pos = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
_right = D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
_up = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
_look = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
}
Camera::Camera(CameraType cameraType)
{
_cameraType = cameraType;
_pos = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
_right = D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
_up = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
_look = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
}
Camera::~Camera()
{
}
void Camera::getPosition(D3DXVECTOR3* pos)
{
*pos = _pos;
}
void Camera::setPosition(D3DXVECTOR3* pos)
{
_pos = *pos;
}
void Camera::getRight(D3DXVECTOR3* right)
{
*right = _right;
}
void Camera::getUp(D3DXVECTOR3* up)
{
*up = _up;
}
void Camera::getLook(D3DXVECTOR3* look)
{
*look = _look;
}
void Camera::walk(float units)
{
// move only on xz plane for land object
if( _cameraType == LANDOBJECT )
_pos += D3DXVECTOR3(_look.x, 0.0f, _look.z) * units;
if( _cameraType == AIRCRAFT )
_pos += _look * units;
}
void Camera::strafe(float units)
{
// move only on xz plane for land object
if( _cameraType == LANDOBJECT )
_pos += D3DXVECTOR3(_right.x, 0.0f, _right.z) * units;
if( _cameraType == AIRCRAFT )
_pos += _right * units;
}
void Camera::fly(float units)
{
// move only on y-axis for land object
if( _cameraType == LANDOBJECT )
_pos.y += units;
if( _cameraType == AIRCRAFT )
_pos += _up * units;
}
void Camera::pitch(float angle)
{
D3DXMATRIX T;
D3DXMatrixRotationAxis(&T, &_right, angle);
// rotate _up and _look around _right vector
D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&_up,&_up, &T);
D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&_look,&_look, &T);
}
void Camera::yaw(float angle)
{
D3DXMATRIX T;
// rotate around world y (0, 1, 0) always for land object
if( _cameraType == LANDOBJECT )
D3DXMatrixRotationY(&T, angle);
// rotate around own up vector for aircraft
if( _cameraType == AIRCRAFT )
D3DXMatrixRotationAxis(&T, &_up, angle);
// rotate _right and _look around _up or y-axis
D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&_right,&_right, &T);
D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&_look,&_look, &T);
}
void Camera::roll(float angle)
{
// only roll for aircraft type
if( _cameraType == AIRCRAFT )
{
D3DXMATRIX T;
D3DXMatrixRotationAxis(&T, &_look, angle);
// rotate _up and _right around _look vector
D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&_right,&_right, &T);
D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&_up,&_up, &T);
}
}
void Camera::getViewMatrix(D3DXMATRIX* V)
{
// Keep camera's axes orthogonal to eachother
D3DXVec3Normalize(&_look, &_look);
D3DXVec3Cross(&_up, &_look, &_right);
D3DXVec3Normalize(&_up, &_up);
D3DXVec3Cross(&_right, &_up, &_look);
D3DXVec3Normalize(&_right, &_right);
// Build the view matrix:
float x = -D3DXVec3Dot(&_right, &_pos);
float y = -D3DXVec3Dot(&_up, &_pos);
float z = -D3DXVec3Dot(&_look, &_pos);
(*V)(0,0) = _right.x; (*V)(0, 1) = _up.x; (*V)(0, 2) = _look.x; (*V)(0, 3) = 0.0f;
(*V)(1,0) = _right.y; (*V)(1, 1) = _up.y; (*V)(1, 2) = _look.y; (*V)(1, 3) = 0.0f;
(*V)(2,0) = _right.z; (*V)(2, 1) = _up.z; (*V)(2, 2) = _look.z; (*V)(2, 3) = 0.0f;
(*V)(3,0) = x; (*V)(3, 1) = y; (*V)(3, 2) = z; (*V)(3, 3) = 1.0f;
}
void Camera::setCameraType(CameraType cameraType)
{
_cameraType = cameraType;
}
上面的注释很清楚,我就不啰嗦了。一些函数如果不明白,查下DX的文档,一目了然。之所以能够这样设计,主要是依赖了DX固定流水线的模块化设计。把变换流水线分为了几个可控的部分,在内部的矩阵合并串联运算我们不用理会它。