python下opencv实验

参考：http://zhaoxuhui.top/blog/2017/06/23/%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8EPython%E7%9A%84OpenCV%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%84%E7%90%8615.html
1、cv2.distanceTransform()用于实现距离变换

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#索引地址要补全
img = cv2.imread("E:\\ex\\10.png", 0)
ret, binary = cv2.threshold(img, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_OTSU + cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
dist = cv2.distanceTransform(binary, cv2.DIST_L2, 5)
result = np.hstack((img, binary))
cv2.imshow("result", result)
plt.imshow(dist, cmap='gray')
plt.show()
cv2.waitKey(0)

2、绘制图像的灰度三维模型

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
img = cv2.imread("E:\\ex\\10.png", 0)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
X = np.arange(0, img.shape[0], 1)
Y = np.arange(0, img.shape[1], 1)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
Z = img[X, Y]

ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap='rainbow')

cv2.imshow("img", img)
plt.show()
cv2.waitKey(0)

3、

import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

# 打开影像
img = cv2.imread("E:\\ex\\10.png")
# 转换为灰度图
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# 阈值+反色操作
# 注意将两个操作放在一起的用法
ret, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_OTSU + cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)

# 进行开运算操作，去除噪声
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
open = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel, iterations=2)

# 膨胀操作获取背景
sure_bg = cv2.dilate(open, kernel, iterations=3)

# 距离变换+阈值获取前景
# 距离变换第一个参数是输入图像
# 第二个参数是距离类型
# 第三个参数是范围大小
distance_transform = cv2.distanceTransform(open, cv2.DIST_L2, 5)
# 注意获取某幅图像最大值max()的用法
ret, sure_fg = cv2.threshold(distance_transform, 0.7 * distance_transform.max(), 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)

# 背景、前景相减，得到未知区域
sure_fg = np.uint8(sure_fg)
unknown = cv2.subtract(sure_bg, sure_fg)

# 标记图像
ret, markers1 = cv2.connectedComponents(sure_fg)
markers = markers1 + 1
# 注意这种简便用法
# markers和unknown是规模相等的两个矩阵
# 如果unknown某个元素为255，则在markers对应位置上的元素赋为0
markers[unknown == 255] = 0

# 调用分水岭算法
markers3 = cv2.watershed(img, markers)
# 注意OpenCV读取的图像顺序是BGR
# OpenCV中将分水岭边界标记为-1
img[markers3 == -1] = [0, 0, 255]

# 展示结果
plt.imshow(markers3, cmap='jet')
cv2.imshow("result", img)
plt.show()
cv2.waitKey(0)

4、全局阈值处理

import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt #用matplotible显示图标

img = cv2.imread('E:\\ex\\10.png',0) #读取
ret,thresh1 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret,thresh2 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret,thresh3 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret,thresh4 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret,thresh5 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)

titles = ['Original Image','BINARY','BINARY_INV','TRUNC','TOZERO','TOZERO_INV'] #标题
images = [img, thresh1, thresh2, thresh3, thresh4, thresh5] #对应的图

for i in range(6): #画4次图
    plt.subplot(2,3,i+1),plt.imshow(images[i],'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])

plt.show()