STM32的定时器和串口综合教程HAL库

m0_72105882

已于 2023-06-21 11:31:41 修改

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文章标签： stm32 单片机嵌入式硬件

于 2023-06-19 14:05:48 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_72105882/article/details/131286284

版权

本次教程目标：

1.上电LED灯点亮并熄灭，进行灯光检测。

2.向上位机发送字符串“欢迎001A”。

3.发送完字符串“欢迎001A”后启动计时。

4.上位机发送打开和关闭LED灯指令。命令帧为“0xAB 控制字 0xBA”

0xA1:打开LED，返回信息“XX:XX:XX LED打开。”

0x01:关闭LED，返回信息“XX:XX:XX LED关闭。”

其他:返回信息“XX:XX:XX 命令错误”。

首先配置STM32CubeMX

计时时间500ms

计算公示：计时时间={（预分频器+1）*（自动重装寄存器+1）} /定时器始终频率

1s=（7200*10000）/72M

使用定时中断时切记将TIM2的全局中断开启。

中断即没定时时间到进入一次中断。

首先开始写LED灯开机检测功能。

先定义一个LED灯开关的宏定义

#define LED_ON HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_13,GPIO_PIN_RESET)
#define LED_OFF HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_13,GPIO_PIN_SET)

接着写LED灯检测函数。

void Check_LED(void)
{
      LED_ON;
       HAL_Delay(500);
       LED_OFF;
       HAL_Delay(500);
}；

在主函数里调用Check_LED()；函数。

写一个开机播报数组，发送欢迎001A。

发送这个数组

在上位机上显示欢迎001A

写计时中断函数。

定义时间变量，小时、分钟、秒钟

重写计时中断回调函数

void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
if(htim->Instance == TIM2)
   {
       s++;
       if(s>60)
       {
       s=0;
           m++;
           if(m>60)
           {
           m=0;
               m++;
           }
       }
   }
}

定义数据接收缓存数组，给定数组长度是3，也是3个字节，因为是uint8-t类型的。需要注意的是，帧头帧尾都是占一个字节，控制字占1个字节。缓存数组的大小不能随意定，否则数据传输会出现错误的情况。

重写串口数据接收完成回调函数。HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(&huart1,str,sizeof(str));
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,Rxdata,sizeof(Rxdata));要放在回调函数的最后，否则会出现问题。这里目前有一个bug，就是每次接收到错误命令后又接收到正确命令时还是维持上次的str数组的数据发送“命令错误”，要多接收几次正确数据才会显示正确的内容。

void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
if(huart->Instance==USART1)
	{
if(Rxdata[0]==0xAB&&Rxdata[2]==0xBA)
		{
			switch(Rxdata[1])
			{
				case 0xA1:
					LED_ON;
				sprintf((char *)str,"%d:%d:%d LED打开",h,m,s);
					break;
				case 0x01:
					LED_OFF;
				sprintf((char *)str,"%d:%d:%d LED关闭",h,m,s);
					break;
				default:
				sprintf((char *)str,"%d:%d:%d 命令错误",h,m,s);
					break;
			}
			
		}
		  
	}
	    HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(&huart1,str,sizeof(str));
			HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,Rxdata,sizeof(Rxdata));
}

全部主程序

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
#define  LED_ON  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_13,GPIO_PIN_RESET)
#define  LED_OFF  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_13,GPIO_PIN_SET)
/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint8_t helloword[]={"欢迎001A"};
uint8_t Rxdata[3];
uint8_t str[64];
uint8_t h=0,m=0,s=0;
/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
void Check_LED(void)
{	  
	  LED_ON;
		HAL_Delay(500);
		LED_OFF;
		HAL_Delay(500);
}
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
if(htim->Instance == TIM2)
	{
		s++;
		if(s>60)
		{
		s=0;
			m++;
			if(m>60)
			{
			m=0;
				m++;
			}
		}
	}
}


void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
if(huart->Instance==USART1)
	{
if(Rxdata[0]==0xAB&&Rxdata[2]==0xBA)
		{
			switch(Rxdata[1])
			{
				case 0xA1:
					LED_ON;
				sprintf((char *)str,"%d:%d:%d LED打开",h,m,s);
					break;
				case 0x01:
					LED_OFF;
				sprintf((char *)str,"%d:%d:%d LED关闭",h,m,s);
					break;
				default:
				sprintf((char *)str,"%d:%d:%d 命令错误",h,m,s);
					break;
			}
			
		}
		  
	}
	    HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(&huart1,str,sizeof(str));
			HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,Rxdata,sizeof(Rxdata));
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  MX_TIM2_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	Check_LED();
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,helloword,sizeof(helloword),10000);
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim2);
	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,Rxdata,sizeof(Rxdata));
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
		
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */