OpenCV之形态学图像处理（十三）

背景减除受很多因素影响，准确性取决于如何捕获数据以及如何处理数据。影响算法的最大因素之一是噪声水平，图像中孤立颗粒和孤立黑/白像素之间的东西。形态学广泛应用实时系统中确保输出质量。
形态学运算符不依赖于像素在图像中的排序方式，依赖于它们的值，适合操纵二进制图像中的形状。

1，使形状变细，使用侵蚀操作

Mat performErosion(Mat inputImage, int erosionElement, int erosionSize)
{
    Mat outputImage;
    int erosionType;
    
    if(erosionElement == 0)
        erosionType = MORPH_RECT;
    
    else if(erosionElement == 1)
        erosionType = MORPH_CROSS;
    
    else if(erosionElement == 2)
        erosionType = MORPH_ELLIPSE;
    
    // Create the structuring element for erosion
    Mat element = getStructuringElement(erosionType, Size(2*erosionSize + 1, 2*erosionSize + 1), Point(erosionSize, erosionSize));
    
    // Erode the image using the structuring element
    erode(inputImage, outputImage, element);
    
    // Return the output image
    return outputImage;
}

2，使形状变粗，使用膨胀操作

Mat performDilation(Mat inputImage, int dilationElement, int dilationSize)
{
    Mat outputImage;
    int dilationType;
    
    if(dilationElement == 0)
        dilationType = MORPH_RECT;
    
    else if(dilationElement == 1)
        dilationType = MORPH_CROSS;
    
    else if(dilationElement == 2)
        dilationType = MORPH_ELLIPSE;
    
    // Create the structuring element for dilation
    Mat element = getStructuringElement(dilationType, Size(2*dilationSize + 1, 2*dilationSize + 1), Point(dilationSize, dilationSize));
    
    // Dilate the image using the structuring element
    dilate(inputImage, outputImage, element);
    
    // Return the output image
    return outputImage;
}

3，形态开口，用于图像中噪声消除，先侵蚀后膨胀

Mat performOpening(Mat inputImage, int morphologyElement, int morphologySize)
{
    Mat outputImage, tempImage;
    int morphologyType;
    
    if(morphologyElement == 0)
        morphologyType = MORPH_RECT;
    
    else if(morphologyElement == 1)
        morphologyType = MORPH_CROSS;
    
    else if(morphologyElement == 2)
        morphologyType = MORPH_ELLIPSE;
    
    // Create the structuring element for erosion
    Mat element = getStructuringElement(morphologyType, Size(2*morphologySize + 1, 2*morphologySize + 1), Point(morphologySize, morphologySize));
    
    // Apply morphological opening to the image using the structuring element
    erode(inputImage, tempImage, element);
    dilate(tempImage, outputImage, element);
    
    // Return the output image
    return outputImage;
}

4，形态闭合，用于噪声消除，通过填充间隙来闭合形状

Mat performClosing(Mat inputImage, int morphologyElement, int morphologySize)
{
    Mat outputImage, tempImage;
    int morphologyType;
    
    if(morphologyElement == 0)
        morphologyType = MORPH_RECT;
    
    else if(morphologyElement == 1)
        morphologyType = MORPH_CROSS;
    
    else if(morphologyElement == 2)
        morphologyType = MORPH_ELLIPSE;
    
    // Create the structuring element for erosion
    Mat element = getStructuringElement(morphologyType, Size(2*morphologySize + 1, 2*morphologySize + 1), Point(morphologySize, morphologySize));
    
    // Apply morphological opening to the image using the structuring element
    dilate(inputImage, tempImage, element);
    erode(tempImage, outputImage, element);
    
    // Return the output image
    return outputImage;
}

5，绘制边界，获取图像膨胀和侵蚀之间的差异来绘制围绕形状的边界

Mat performMorphologicalGradient(Mat inputImage, int morphologyElement, int morphologySize)
{
    Mat outputImage, tempImage1, tempImage2;
    int morphologyType;
    
    if(morphologyElement == 0)
        morphologyType = MORPH_RECT;
    
    else if(morphologyElement == 1)
        morphologyType = MORPH_CROSS;
    
    else if(morphologyElement == 2)
        morphologyType = MORPH_ELLIPSE;
    
    // Create the structuring element for erosion
    Mat element = getStructuringElement(morphologyType, Size(2*morphologySize + 1, 2*morphologySize + 1), Point(morphologySize, morphologySize));
    
    // Apply morphological gradient to the image using the structuring element
    dilate(inputImage, tempImage1, element);
    erode(inputImage, tempImage2, element);
    
    // Return the output image
    return tempImage1 - tempImage2;
}

6，礼帽变换，输入图像与其形态开口之间的差异，使图像中的对象小于结构元素，并且比周围环境更亮，根据结构元素的大小，可以提取给定图像中的各种对象

Mat performTopHat(Mat inputImage, int morphologyElement, int morphologySize)
{
    Mat outputImage;
    int morphologyType;
    
    if(morphologyElement == 0)
        morphologyType = MORPH_RECT;
    
    else if(morphologyElement == 1)
        morphologyType = MORPH_CROSS;
    
    else if(morphologyElement == 2)
        morphologyType = MORPH_ELLIPSE;
    
    // Create the structuring element for erosion
    Mat element = getStructuringElement(morphologyType, Size(2*morphologySize + 1, 2*morphologySize + 1), Point(morphologySize, morphologySize));
    
    // Apply top hat operation to the image using the structuring element
    outputImage = inputImage - performOpening(inputImage, morphologyElement, morphologySize);
    
    // Return the output image
    return outputImage;
}

7，黑帽变换，图像的形态闭合与图像本身之间的差异，使图像中对象比结构元素小，并且比周围环境更暗

Mat performBlackHat(Mat inputImage, int morphologyElement, int morphologySize)
{
    Mat outputImage;
    int morphologyType;
    
    if(morphologyElement == 0)
        morphologyType = MORPH_RECT;
    
    else if(morphologyElement == 1)
        morphologyType = MORPH_CROSS;
    
    else if(morphologyElement == 2)
        morphologyType = MORPH_ELLIPSE;
    
    // Create the structuring element for erosion
    Mat element = getStructuringElement(morphologyType, Size(2*morphologySize + 1, 2*morphologySize + 1), Point(morphologySize, morphologySize));
    
    // Apply black hat operation to the image using the structuring element
    outputImage = performClosing(inputImage, morphologyElement, morphologySize) - inputImage;
    
    // Return the output image
    return outputImage;
}