erode函数

erode函数：

调用形式：

void erode(InputArray src, OutputArray dst, InputArray kernel, Point anchor=Point(-1,-1), int iterations=1, intborderType=BORDER_CONSTANT, const Scalar& borderValue=morphologyDefaultBorderValue() )

参数详解：

跟膨胀操作一样

函数功能：

进行腐蚀操作时，将内核  划过图像,将内核  覆盖区域的最小相素值提取，并代替锚点位置的相素。

以与膨胀相同的图像作为样本,我们使用腐蚀操作。从下面的结果图我们看到亮区(背景)变细，而黑色区域(字母)则变大了。

 kernel: 腐蚀操作的内核。 如果不指定，默认为一个简单的  矩阵。否则，我们就要明确指定它的形状，可以使用函数getStructuringElement:

• Mat element = getStructuringElement( erosion_type,
                                       Size( 2*erosion_size + 1, 2*erosion_size+1 ),
                                       Point( erosion_size, erosion_size ) );
  

我们可以为我们的内核选择三种形状之一:

• 矩形: MORPH_RECT
• 交叉形: MORPH_CROSS
• 椭圆形: MORPH_ELLIPSE

然后，我们还需要指定内核大小，以及 锚点 位置。不指定锚点位置，则默认锚点在内核中心位置。

#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "highgui.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

using namespace cv;

/// 全局变量
Mat src, erosion_dst, dilation_dst;

int erosion_elem = 0;
int erosion_size = 0;
int dilation_elem = 0;
int dilation_size = 0;
int const max_elem = 2;
int const max_kernel_size = 21;

/** Function Headers */
void Erosion( int, void* );
void Dilation( int, void* );

/** @function main */
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
  /// Load 图像
  src = imread( argv[1] );

  if( !src.data )
  { return -1; }

  /// 创建显示窗口
  namedWindow( "Erosion Demo", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
  namedWindow( "Dilation Demo", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
  cvMoveWindow( "Dilation Demo", src.cols, 0 );

  /// 创建腐蚀 Trackbar
  createTrackbar( "Element:\n 0: Rect \n 1: Cross \n 2: Ellipse", "Erosion Demo",
                  &erosion_elem, max_elem,
                  Erosion );

  createTrackbar( "Kernel size:\n 2n +1", "Erosion Demo",
                  &erosion_size, max_kernel_size,
                  Erosion );

  /// 创建膨胀 Trackbar
  createTrackbar( "Element:\n 0: Rect \n 1: Cross \n 2: Ellipse", "Dilation Demo",
                  &dilation_elem, max_elem,
                  Dilation );

  createTrackbar( "Kernel size:\n 2n +1", "Dilation Demo",
                  &dilation_size, max_kernel_size,
                  Dilation );

  /// Default start
  Erosion( 0, 0 );
  Dilation( 0, 0 );

  waitKey(0);
  return 0;
}

/**  @function Erosion  */
void Erosion( int, void* )
{
  int erosion_type;
  if( erosion_elem == 0 ){ erosion_type = MORPH_RECT; }
  else if( erosion_elem == 1 ){ erosion_type = MORPH_CROSS; }
  else if( erosion_elem == 2) { erosion_type = MORPH_ELLIPSE; }

  Mat element = getStructuringElement( erosion_type,
                                       Size( 2*erosion_size + 1, 2*erosion_size+1 ),
                                       Point( erosion_size, erosion_size ) );

  /// 腐蚀操作
  erode( src, erosion_dst, element );
  imshow( "Erosion Demo", erosion_dst );
}

/** @function Dilation */
void Dilation( int, void* )
{
  int dilation_type;
  if( dilation_elem == 0 ){ dilation_type = MORPH_RECT; }
  else if( dilation_elem == 1 ){ dilation_type = MORPH_CROSS; }
  else if( dilation_elem == 2) { dilation_type = MORPH_ELLIPSE; }

  Mat element = getStructuringElement( dilation_type,
                                       Size( 2*dilation_size + 1, 2*dilation_size+1 ),
                                       Point( dilation_size, dilation_size ) );
  ///膨胀操作
  dilate( src, dilation_dst, element );
  imshow( "Dilation Demo", dilation_dst );
}