OpenCV的图像操作

基本操作

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imread（filename[,color_flag]）:读取图片。
flags：

• 0：灰度
• 1：彩色
• -1：Loads image as such including alpha channel
• opencv读取图像是BGR，而matplotlib显示图像是RGB，所以在显示彩色图像时应该进行颜色转换。
  imwrite（filename,img[,params]）:保存图片
• filename – Name of the file.
• image – Image to be saved.
• params – Format-specific save parameters encoded as pairs paramId_1, paramValue_1, paramId_2, paramValue_2, … . The following parameters are currently supported:
  1. For JPEG, it can be a quality ( CV_IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY ) from 0 to 100 (the higher is the better). Default value is 95.
  2. For WEBP, it can be a quality ( CV_IMWRITE_WEBP_QUALITY ) from 1 to 100 (the higher is the better). By default (without any parameter) and for quality above 100 the lossless compression is used.
  3. For PNG, it can be the compression level (CV_IMWRITE_PNG_COMPRESSION ) from 0 to 9. A higher value means a smaller size and longer compression time. Default value is 3.
  4. For PPM, PGM, or PBM, it can be a binary format flag ( CV_IMWRITE_PXM_BINARY ), 0 or 1. Default value is 1.

cvtColor（src,code[,dst[,dstcn]]）:颜色格式变化

• src – input image: 8-bit unsigned, 16-bit unsigned ( CV_16UC… ), or single-precision floating-point.
• dst – output image of the same size and depth as src.
• code – color space conversion code (see the description below).
• dstCn – number of channels in the destination image; if the parameter is 0, the number of the channels is derived automatically from src and code .

imshow(winname,mat): 展示图片

图片缩放

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cv2.resize(src, dsize[, dst[, fx[, fy[, interpolation] ] ] ] ) $\to$out: dst

• src:input image
• dst: output image
• fx : scale factor along the horizontal axis,when it equals 0, it is computed as (double)dsize.width/src.cols 。大于0小于1，是缩小，大于1则为放大。
• fy : scale factor along the vertical axis; when it equals 0, it is computed as
  (double)dsize.height/src.rows。大于0小于1，是缩小，大于1则为放大。
• interpolation – interpolation method:
  1. – INTER_NEAREST - a nearest-neighbor interpolation
  2. – INTER_LINEAR - a bilinear interpolation (used by default)
  3. – INTER_AREA - resampling using pixel area relation. It may be a preferred method for image decimation, as it gives moire’-free results. But when the image is zoomed, it is similar to the INTER_NEAREST method.
  4. – INTER_CUBIC - a bicubic interpolation over 4x4 pixel neighborhood
  5. – INTER_LANCZOS4 - a Lanczos interpolation over 8x8 pixel neighborhood

图片仿射变换

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cv2.warpAffine(src, M, dsize[, dst[, flags[, borderMode[, borderValue]]]]) $\to$dst

• src – input image.
• dst – output image that has the size dsize and the same type as src .
• M – 2 × 3 transformation matrix.对应图片上的M矩阵。
• dsize – size of the output image.
• flags – combination of interpolation methods (see resize() ) and the optional flag
  WARP_INVERSE_MAP that means that M is the inverse transformation ( dst ! src ).
• borderMode – pixel extrapolation method (see borderInterpolate()); when
  borderMode=BORDER_TRANSPARENT , it means that the pixels in the destination image corresponding to the “outliers” in the source image are not modified by the function.
• borderValue – value used in case of a constant border; by default, it is 0.

最后的两个参数可以是元组出现的形式，表示图片的边界是多少，定义仿射变换完成之后的图片的shape大小。可以是原图像，或者是原图像的扩展图像。

图片平移矩阵

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先得到图片的平移矩阵

再利用仿射变换达到目的
cv2.warpAffine(src, M, dsize[, dst[, flags[, borderMode[, borderValue]]]]) $\to$dst
如下例子：

M = np.float32([[1,0,100],[0,1,50]])
dst = cv2.warpAffine(img,M,(cols+100,rows+50))

图片旋转矩阵

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先得到图片的旋转矩阵
cv2.getRotationMatrix2D(center, angle, scale) $\to$retval（返回值类型）
通过给出的角度，计算一个2维旋转的矩阵。

• center – Center of the rotation in the source image.（旋转的中心点）
• angle – Rotation angle in degrees. Positive values mean counter-clockwise rotation (the coordinate origin is assumed to be the top-left corner).（旋转的角度）
• scale – Isotropic scale factor.（各同乡的比例因子）
• map_matrix – The output affine transformation, 2x3 floating-point matrix.（输出的映射矩阵）

再利用仿射变换来达到目的
cv2.warpAffine(src, M, dsize[, dst[, flags[, borderMode[, borderValue]]]]) $\to$dst

得到仿射变换矩阵

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cv2.getAffineTransform(src, dst) $\to$retval

• src – Coordinates of triangle vertices（三角形顶点） in the source image.
• dst – Coordinates of the corresponding triangle vertices（三角形顶点） in the destination image.
• 输出：为仿射变换矩阵M。

再利用仿射变换来达到目的
cv2.warpAffine(src, M, dsize[, dst[, flags[, borderMode[, borderValue]]]]) $\to$dst

透视变换矩阵

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先得到透视变换矩阵：
cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(src, dst) $\to$retval

• src – Coordinates of quadrangle vertices（四边形顶点） in the source image.
• dst – Coordinates of the corresponding quadrangle vertices in the destination image.
• The function calculates the 3 × 3 matrix of a perspective transform so that:
  $$\left[\begin{array}{c}tix{i}^{\prime }\\ tiy{i}^{\prime }\\ ti\end{array}\right]=map\_matrix\ast \left[\begin{array}{c}xi\\ yi\\ 1\end{array}\right]$$

再利用仿射变换来达到目的
cv2.warpPerspective(src, M, dsize[, dst[, flags[, borderMode[, borderValue]]]]) $\to$dst

• src – input image.
• dst – output image that has the size dsize and the same type as src .
  M – 3 × 3 transformation matrix.
• dsize – size of the output image.元组形式
• flags – combination of interpolation methods (INTER_LINEAR or INTER_NEAREST) and the optional flag WARP_INVERSE_MAP, that sets M as the inverse transformation ( dst ! src ).
• borderMode – pixel extrapolation method (BORDER_CONSTANT or BORDER_REPLICATE).
• borderValue – value used in case of a constant border; by default, it equals 0.