ROS-kinetic + opencv3 + cv_bridge

在ros下使用opencv， cv_bridge这个软件包是必须要使用的，正如roswiki上所说的：http://wiki.ros.org/opencv3

至少使用cv_bridge或者image_geometry中的一个，你才能使用libopncv-dev, 这一条适用于kinetic及以上的版本。

我将opencv实现kalman滤波的程序写在ros里，并成功编译，运行。代码如下：

cv_klf.cpp(我自己取得名字）

#include <ros/ros.h>
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/video/tracking.hpp"

#include <stdio.h>
using namespace cv;
static inline Point calcPoint(Point2f center, double R, double angle)
{
    return center + Point2f((float)cos(angle), (float)-sin(angle))*(float)R;
}
static void help()
{
    printf( "\nExample of c calls to OpenCV's Kalman filter.\n"
"   Tracking of rotating point.\n"
"   Rotation speed is constant.\n"
"   Both state and measurements vectors are 1D (a point angle),\n"
"   Measurement is the real point angle + gaussian noise.\n"
"   The real and the estimated points are connected with yellow line segment,\n"
"   the real and the measured points are connected with red line segment.\n"
"   (if Kalman filter works correctly,\n"
"    the yellow segment should be shorter than the red one).\n"
            "\n"
"   Pressing any key (except ESC) will reset the tracking with a different speed.\n"
"   Pressing ESC will stop the program.\n"
            );
}
int main(int, char**)
{
    help();
    Mat img(500, 500, CV_8UC3);
    KalmanFilter KF(2, 1, 0);
    Mat state(2, 1, CV_32F); /* (phi, delta_phi) */
    Mat processNoise(2, 1, CV_32F);
    Mat measurement = Mat::zeros(1, 1, CV_32F);
    char code = (char)-1;
    for(;;)
    {
        randn( state, Scalar::all(0), Scalar::all(0.1) );
        KF.transitionMatrix = (Mat_<float>(2, 2) << 1, 1, 0, 1);
        setIdentity(KF.measurementMatrix);
        setIdentity(KF.processNoiseCov, Scalar::all(1e-5));
        setIdentity(KF.measurementNoiseCov, Scalar::all(1e-1));
        setIdentity(KF.errorCovPost, Scalar::all(1));
        randn(KF.statePost, Scalar::all(0), Scalar::all(0.1));
        for(;;)
        {
            Point2f center(img.cols*0.5f, img.rows*0.5f);
            float R = img.cols/3.f;
            double stateAngle = state.at<float>(0);
            Point statePt = calcPoint(center, R, stateAngle);
            Mat prediction = KF.predict();
            double predictAngle = prediction.at<float>(0);
            Point predictPt = calcPoint(center, R, predictAngle);
            randn( measurement, Scalar::all(0), Scalar::all(KF.measurementNoiseCov.at<float>(0)));
            // generate measurement
            measurement += KF.measurementMatrix*state;
            double measAngle = measurement.at<float>(0);
            Point measPt = calcPoint(center, R, measAngle);
            // plot points
            #define drawCross( center, color, d )                                        \
                line( img, Point( center.x - d, center.y - d ),                          \
                             Point( center.x + d, center.y + d ), color, 1, LINE_AA, 0); \
                line( img, Point( center.x + d, center.y - d ),                          \
                             Point( center.x - d, center.y + d ), color, 1, LINE_AA, 0 )
            img = Scalar::all(0);
            drawCross( statePt, Scalar(255,255,255), 3 );
            drawCross( measPt, Scalar(0,0,255), 3 );
            drawCross( predictPt, Scalar(0,255,0), 3 );
            line( img, statePt, measPt, Scalar(0,0,255), 3, LINE_AA, 0 );
            line( img, statePt, predictPt, Scalar(0,255,255), 3, LINE_AA, 0 );
            if(theRNG().uniform(0,4) != 0)
                KF.correct(measurement);
            randn( processNoise, Scalar(0), Scalar::all(sqrt(KF.processNoiseCov.at<float>(0, 0))));
            state = KF.transitionMatrix*state + processNoise;
            imshow( "Kalman", img );
            code = (char)waitKey(100);
            if( code > 0 )
                break;
        }
        if( code == 27 || code == 'q' || code == 'Q' )
            break;
    }
    return 0;
}

CMakeLists.txt如下：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.3)
project(cv_klf)

## Add support for C++11, supported in ROS Kinetic and newer
add_definitions(-std=c++11)

## Find catkin macros and libraries
## if COMPONENTS list like find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS xyz)
## is used, also find other catkin packages
find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS
  roscpp
  std_msgs
  cv_bridge
)

## System dependencies are found with CMake's conventions

find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)


## Uncomment this if the package has a setup.py. This macro ensures
## modules and global scripts declared therein get installed
## See http://ros.org/doc/api/catkin/html/user_guide/setup_dot_py.html
# catkin_python_setup()

################################################
## Declare ROS messages, services and actions ##
################################################

## To declare and build messages, services or actions from within this
## package, follow these steps:
## * Let MSG_DEP_SET be the set of packages whose message types you use in
##   your messages/services/actions (e.g. std_msgs, actionlib_msgs, ...).
## * In the file package.xml:
##   * add a build_depend tag for "message_generation"
##   * add a build_depend and a run_depend tag for each package in MSG_DEP_SET
##   * If MSG_DEP_SET isn't empty the following dependency has been pulled in
##     but can be declared for certainty nonetheless:
##     * add a run_depend tag for "message_runtime"
## * In this file (CMakeLists.txt):
##   * add "message_generation" and every package in MSG_DEP_SET to
##     find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS ...)
##   * add "message_runtime" and every package in MSG_DEP_SET to
##     catkin_package(CATKIN_DEPENDS ...)
##   * uncomment the add_*_files sections below as needed
##     and list every .msg/.srv/.action file to be processed
##   * uncomment the generate_messages entry below
##   * add every package in MSG_DEP_SET to generate_messages(DEPENDENCIES ...)

## Generate messages in the 'msg' folder
# add_message_files(
#   FILES
#   Message1.msg
#   Message2.msg
# )

## Generate services in the 'srv' folder
# add_service_files(
#   FILES
#   Service1.srv
#   Service2.srv
# )

## Generate actions in the 'action' folder
# add_action_files(
#   FILES
#   Action1.action
#   Action2.action
# )

## Generate added messages and services with any dependencies listed here
# generate_messages(
#   DEPENDENCIES
#   std_msgs
# )

################################################
## Declare ROS dynamic reconfigure parameters ##
################################################

## To declare and build dynamic reconfigure parameters within this
## package, follow these steps:
## * In the file package.xml:
##   * add a build_depend and a run_depend tag for "dynamic_reconfigure"
## * In this file (CMakeLists.txt):
##   * add "dynamic_reconfigure" to
##     find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS ...)
##   * uncomment the "generate_dynamic_reconfigure_options" section below
##     and list every .cfg file to be processed

## Generate dynamic reconfigure parameters in the 'cfg' folder
# generate_dynamic_reconfigure_options(
#   cfg/DynReconf1.cfg
#   cfg/DynReconf2.cfg
# )

###################################
## catkin specific configuration ##
###################################
## The catkin_package macro generates cmake config files for your package
## Declare things to be passed to dependent projects
## INCLUDE_DIRS: uncomment this if you package contains header files
## LIBRARIES: libraries you create in this project that dependent projects also need
## CATKIN_DEPENDS: catkin_packages dependent projects also need
## DEPENDS: system dependencies of this project that dependent projects also need
catkin_package(
  INCLUDE_DIRS include
  LIBRARIES cv_klf
  CATKIN_DEPENDS roscpp std_msgs cv_bridge
#  DEPENDS OpenCV
)

###########
## Build ##
###########

## Specify additional locations of header files
## Your package locations should be listed before other locations
# include_directories(include)
include_directories(
  ${catkin_INCLUDE_DIRS}
  ${OPENCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)

## Declare a C++ library
# add_library(${PROJECT_NAME}
#   src/${PROJECT_NAME}/cv_klf.cpp
# )

## Add cmake target dependencies of the library
## as an example, code may need to be generated before libraries
## either from message generation or dynamic reconfigure
# add_dependencies(${PROJECT_NAME} ${${PROJECT_NAME}_EXPORTED_TARGETS} ${catkin_EXPORTED_TARGETS})

## Declare a C++ executable
## With catkin_make all packages are built within a single CMake context
## The recommended prefix ensures that target names across packages don't collide
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} src/cv_klf_node.cpp)

## Rename C++ executable without prefix
## The above recommended prefix causes long target names, the following renames the
## target back to the shorter version for ease of user use
## e.g. "rosrun someones_pkg node" instead of "rosrun someones_pkg someones_pkg_node"
# set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME}_node PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME node PREFIX "")

## Add cmake target dependencies of the executable
## same as for the library above
# add_dependencies(${PROJECT_NAME}_node ${${PROJECT_NAME}_EXPORTED_TARGETS} ${catkin_EXPORTED_TARGETS})

## Specify libraries to link a library or executable target against
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}
  ${catkin_LIBRARIES}
  ${OPENCV_LIBRARIES}
)

#############
## Install ##
#############

# all install targets should use catkin DESTINATION variables
# See http://ros.org/doc/api/catkin/html/adv_user_guide/variables.html

## Mark executable scripts (Python etc.) for installation
## in contrast to setup.py, you can choose the destination
# install(PROGRAMS
#   scripts/my_python_script
#   DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_BIN_DESTINATION}
# )

## Mark executables and/or libraries for installation
# install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME} ${PROJECT_NAME}_node
#   ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_LIB_DESTINATION}
#   LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_LIB_DESTINATION}
#   RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_BIN_DESTINATION}
# )

## Mark cpp header files for installation
# install(DIRECTORY include/${PROJECT_NAME}/
#   DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_INCLUDE_DESTINATION}
#   FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.h"
#   PATTERN ".svn" EXCLUDE
# )

## Mark other files for installation (e.g. launch and bag files, etc.)
# install(FILES
#   # myfile1
#   # myfile2
#   DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_SHARE_DESTINATION}
# )

#############
## Testing ##
#############

## Add gtest based cpp test target and link libraries
# catkin_add_gtest(${PROJECT_NAME}-test test/test_cv_klf.cpp)
# if(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME}-test)
#   target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}-test ${PROJECT_NAME})
# endif()

## Add folders to be run by python nosetests
# catkin_add_nosetests(test)

package.xm如下：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<package>
  <name>cv_klf</name>
  <version>0.0.0</version>
  <description>The cv_klf package</description>

  <!-- One maintainer tag required, multiple allowed, one person per tag --> 
  <!-- Example:  -->
  <!-- <maintainer email="jane.doe@example.com">Jane Doe</maintainer> -->
  <maintainer email="wuming@todo.todo">riki</maintainer>


  <!-- One license tag required, multiple allowed, one license per tag -->
  <!-- Commonly used license strings: -->
  <!--   BSD, MIT, Boost Software License, GPLv2, GPLv3, LGPLv2.1, LGPLv3 -->
  <license>TODO</license>


  <!-- Url tags are optional, but multiple are allowed, one per tag -->
  <!-- Optional attribute type can be: website, bugtracker, or repository -->
  <!-- Example: -->
  <!-- <url type="website">http://wiki.ros.org/cv_klf</url> -->


  <!-- Author tags are optional, multiple are allowed, one per tag -->
  <!-- Authors do not have to be maintainers, but could be -->
  <!-- Example: -->
  <!-- <author email="jane.doe@example.com">Jane Doe</author> -->


  <!-- The *_depend tags are used to specify dependencies -->
  <!-- Dependencies can be catkin packages or system dependencies -->
  <!-- Examples: -->
  <!-- Use build_depend for packages you need at compile time: -->
  <!--   <build_depend>message_generation</build_depend> -->
  <!-- Use buildtool_depend for build tool packages: -->
  <!--   <buildtool_depend>catkin</buildtool_depend> -->
  <!-- Use run_depend for packages you need at runtime: -->
  <!--   <run_depend>message_runtime</run_depend> -->
  <!-- Use test_depend for packages you need only for testing: -->
  <!--   <test_depend>gtest</test_depend> -->
  <buildtool_depend>catkin</buildtool_depend>
  <build_depend>roscpp</build_depend>
  <build_depend>std_msgs</build_depend>
  <build_depend>cv_bridge</build_depend>
  <run_depend>roscpp</run_depend>
  <run_depend>std_msgs</run_depend>
  <run_depend>cv_bridge</run_depend>


  <!-- The export tag contains other, unspecified, tags -->
  <export>
    <!-- Other tools can request additional information be placed here -->

  </export>
</package>

网上很多说不到点子上，管家在于在CMakeLists.txt和package.xml中添加依赖cv_bridge 或者image_geometry。

以及在CMakeLists.txt中正确设置opencv链接，其实就添加三处：

1：find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)

2：include_directories(
  ${catkin_INCLUDE_DIRS}
  ${OPENCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)

3：target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}
  ${catkin_LIBRARIES}
  ${OPENCV_LIBRARIES}
)