【PMP】专题练习范围管理错题

1、 [单选] 项目经理正在管理一个先进的计费系统项目。项目经理已经检查了现在的计费系统以及公司项目管理信息系统(PMIS)中的经验教训知识库。项目经理将可能收集更多的系统需求。项目经理下一步应该怎么做？
A project manager is leading in a state-of-the art billing system project.The project manager has checked the existing billing system,as well as the lessons learned repository in the company’s project management information system(PMIS).The project manager would like to gather more system requirements.What should the project manager do next?
A：参考所有的行业最佳实践
Refer to existing industry best practices.
B：咨询任何有经验的内部或外部团队
Consult any experienced internal or external group.
C：与外部主题专家(SME)一起工作
Work with external subject matter experts(SMEs).
D：与内部业务和技术支持资源一起工作
Work with internal business and technical support resources
正确答案：B 你的答案：D
解析：参考答案：B 解析：排除法，A很难做不到，也没有必要，BCD都对时，就要排优先级，B相对全面。
4、 [单选] 项目经理加入一个新的价值数百万美元的项目，要求成功实施来自各部门的可交付成果。若要成功实施该项目，项目经理首先应该怎么做？
A project manager joins a new multi-million-dollar project that requires deliverables from various departments to successfully implement.What should the project manager do first to successfully implement the project?
A：拜访客户以确保已为关键客户相关方识别到所有沟通渠道
Visit the client to ensure that all communication channels have identified for key client stakeholders
B：执行相关方分析并进行详细的需求会议
Perform a stakeholder analysis and conduct detailed requirements sessions
C：立即识别在该项目上工作的最佳资源
Immediately identity the best resource to work on the project
D：与已经成功向客户交付的外部供应商签订合同
Contract with an outside vendor who has already successfully delivered to the client
正确答案：B 你的答案：A
解析：参考答案：B 解析： 想要成果实施可交付成果，必须要可以确认范围，想要确认范围必须要收集清楚需求。
6、 [单选] —个专业的项目团队正在管理一个大型项目。上个月，工程顾问提交了最初的设计计划给客户审查，项目经理得知该设计因未能满足客户需求而被拒绝。若要确保更有利的结果，项目经理应该事先做什么？
A specialized project team is managing a large project last month engineering consultant submitted the initial design proposal for client review.The project manager learns that the design has been rejected for failing to satisfy customer needs.
A：制定项目章程
Developed a project charter
B：召开项目启动大会
Conducted a kick-off meeting
C：创建需求跟踪矩阵
Created a requirement traceability matrix
D：执行相关方分析
Performed a stakeholder analysis
正确答案：C 你的答案：A
解析：参考答案：C 解析:需求跟踪矩阵是把产品需求从其来源连接到能满足需求的可交付成果的一种表格。需求跟踪矩阵提供了在整个项目生命周期中跟踪需求的一种方法，有助于确保需求文件中被批准的每项需求在项目结束的时候都能交付。
8、 [单选] 客户在用户测试期间同意最终产品，但现在却有另一种想法。若要解决这个问题，项目经理应该查阅哪一份文件？
The client agreed to the final product during user testing, but is now having second thoughts.What should the project manager consult to resolve this issue?
A：验收标准
Acceptance criteria
B：质量管理计划
Quality management plan
C：需求文件
Requirements documentation
D：项目章程
Project charter
正确答案：C 你的答案：D
解析：题目没说新想法，是要推翻之前的决定，还是增加新的需求。但不管何种情况，项目经理应查看需求文件，核实是否符合原定的需求。而答案A验收标准，是默认客户反悔，只考虑一种情况。由此，需求文件是必须查阅，而验收标准是可能查阅。
12、 [单选] 一个设施改善项目即将完成。客户提供了批准，但注意到一些小缺陷并激活保修程序，客户现在对已移交的设备要求额外批准的范围。项目经理即将开始额外范围的工作。 由于保修程序已生效，项目经理应查阅哪一份计划？
A facility improvement project is near completion. The client provided, but noted some minor defects and activated the warranty. The client now requests additional approved scope to equipment that has already been handed over. The project manager is about to start work on the additional scope. Since the warranty is in effect, what plan should the project manager consult?
A：质量管理计划
Quality management plan.
B：变更管理计划
Change management plan.
C：采购管理计划
Procurement management plan.
D：需求管理计划
Requirement management plan.
正确答案：B 你的答案：D
解析：参考答案：B 解析：PMBOK（6）P169-5.6.1.1项目管理计划。范围变更的指导计划，是项目管理计划——范围管理计划——变更管理计划。
17、 [单选] 项目发起人通知项目经理，即使已完成的项目符合进度计划，在预算范围满足范围需求，但客户对最终产品感到不满意。若要避免这种情况，项目经理应该事先做什么？
The project sponsor informs a project manager that even though a completed project was on schedule, within budget, and met scope requirements, the customer is unsatisfied with the final product. What should the project manager have done to avoid this?
A：在制定质量管理计划的同时安排更多的会议
Scheduled more meetings while developing a quality management plan.
B：确保可交付成果符合质量控制测量结果中列出的要求
Ensure that deliverables meet the requirements listed in the quality control measurements.
C：实施石川图工具
Implement the Ishikawa diagram tool.
D：完成需求跟踪矩阵
Complete the requirements traceability matrix.
正确答案：D 你的答案：B
解析：参考答案：D。解析：PMBOK（5），P138，进度和预算均符合要求，但客户不满意，应是范围不满足，也就是客户需求跟踪落实不到位，应提前完成需求跟踪矩阵。故选D。
19、 [单选] 项目经理与项目相关方和团队成员开会，审查范围管理计划、批准的章程和其他需求文档、专家判断和引导技术用于制定所需产品的详细描述。项目经理还应使用哪一项其他输入？
A project manager meets with project stakeholders and team members to review the scope management plan,the approved charter,and other requirements documentation.Expert judgement and facilitation are used to develop a detailed description of the product required. What other input should the project manager use?
A：过往项目的经验教训
Lessons learned register from previous projects
B：假设日志
Assumption log
C：相关方登记册
Stakeholder register
D：需求跟踪矩阵
Requirements traceability matrix
正确答案：B 你的答案：A
解析：解析：PMBOK（6）P150-5.3定义范围。输入项目章程、项目管理计划、需求文件、假设日志、风险登记册等项目文件、事业环境因素和组织过程资产。选项A：过往的经验教训已经考虑到需求文档中了。 选项C：相关方登记册不是定义范围过程的输入。 选项D：需求跟踪矩阵不是定义范围过程的输入。
21、 [单选] 项目经理被任命管理一个现有项目，需要了解项目可交付成果，项目经理应该参考下列哪一份文件？
A project manager is assigned to an existing project and needs to understand the project deliverables. The project manager should refer to which of the following?
A：项目章程
Project charter
B：项目需求规范
Project requirements specification
C：项目范围说明书
Project scope statement
D：项目进度表
Project schedule
正确答案：C 你的答案：A
解析：参考答案：C。 解析：PMBOK（6）P151-5.3.3.1项目范围说明书包括了产品范围描述、验收标准、可交付成果、除外责任、制约因素和假设条件。
24、 [单选] 项目经理应使用什么工具来向客户证明最终产品需求满足业务需求？
What tool should the project manager use to demonstrate to the customer that the final product meets the business needs?
A：工作分解结构
Work breakdown structure
B：项目范围说明书
Project scope statement
C：需求跟踪矩阵
Requirements traceability matrix
D：项目管理计划
Project management plan
正确答案：C 你的答案：B
解析：参考答案：C。 解析：PMBOK（6）P148-5.2.3.2需求跟踪矩阵是把产品需求从其来源连接到能满足需求的可交付成果的一种表格。需求跟踪矩阵提供了在整个项目生命周期中跟踪需求的一种方法，有助于确保需求文件中被批准的每项需求在项目结束的时候都能交付。
28、 [单选] 一个大型项目正处于收尾阶段，客户拒绝签署同意项目可交付成果，提及之前从未讨论过的需求，项目经理要求与客户开会，以讨论该问题。在会议之前应该查阅下列哪一项？
A large project is in its closure phase, The client refuses to sign off on project deliverables, cititing requirements that were not previously discussed, The project manager requests a meeting with the client to discuss the issue. What should be consulted prior to this meeting?
A：工作绩效数据
Work performance data
B：验收标准
Acceptance criteria
C：经验教训储存库
Lessons learned repository
D：需求跟踪矩阵
Requirements traceability matrix
正确答案：D 你的答案：B
解析：5.2.3.2 需求跟踪矩阵 需求跟踪矩阵是把产品需求从其来源连接到能满足需求的可交付成果的一种表格。 是否是新的需求，可以通过查看需求跟踪矩阵得知。
29、 [单选] 一个组织变更管理项目包含来自不同部门的相关方，项目经理与所有相关方访谈，以收集项目需求，但有些需求似乎不切实际并且超出范围。项目经理应该怎么做？
An organizational change management project includes stakeholders from various departments, and the project manager interviews all stakeholders to collect project requirements, but some appear to be unrealistic and out of scope. What should a project manager do?
A：记录需要澄清和分析的所有需求
Document all requirements to be clarified and analyzed
B：从需求文件中排除低层级需求
Exclude the low-level requirements from the requirements document
C：将所有需求包含进工作说明书(SOW)中
included all requirements in the statement of work (SOW)
D：更新相关方登记册以包含这些需求
Update the stakeholders register to include the requirements
正确答案：A 你的答案：D
解析：不是所有需求都要满足和实现，要管理和筛选。A没有问题；需求只分必要不必要，不分低级高级；C本末倒置；D杜撰。
33、 [单选] 一家公司计划改进其计算机系统，为其用户提供增值功能。项目经理需要从位于全球各地的大量员工那里收集需求，并且需要快速周转。项目经理应该怎么做？
A company plans to revamp its computer system to provide value-added features for its clients.The Project managers needs to collect requirements from a large number of staff members located globally,and a quick turnaround is required, What should the project manager do?
A：要求所有相关方参与虚拟研讨会
Invite all stakeholders to a virtual workshop
B：与选中的客户一起召开现场研讨会
Organize on-site workshop with selected clients
C：向海外员工分发问卷调查
Distribute questionnaires and surveys to overseas staff
D：确保收集需求符合时间限制
Ensure that collecting requirements will meet the time constraints
正确答案：C 你的答案：D
解析：PMBOK-5.2.2.2。向大量受众收集需求，用问卷调查。题目关键词是收集需求，定位于收集需求过程组，怎么做则是问的工具技术，题目中面向全球各地大量员工且要需要快速周转，完全符合问卷调查的特征，受众多且多样，地理位置分散，需要快速完成，选择C最为方便且能解决问题。
34、 [单选] 准备验收文件时，项目经理意识到未能包含两个功能。开发人员表示，虽然这些功能不完整，但客户不会注意到。公司需要为该开发项目开具发票并收取付款，以支付未来六个月的工资。项目经理应该怎么做？
While preparing the acceptance document, the project manager realized that two features failed to be include The Developer states that although these features are incomplete, the customers will not notice. The company needs to invoice and receive payments for this project to cover salaries for the next six months. What should a project manager do?
A：根据开发人员的意见准备验收文件
Prepare the acceptance documents based on the developer’s comment
B：在准备验收文件之前包含这些功能
Include the features prior to preparing the acceptance document
C：审查需求管理计划
Review the requirements management plan
D：提交变更请求
Submit a change requests
正确答案：D 你的答案：B
解析：5.5确认范围，本题为职业道德问题，不能欺骗客户，有错必改。题目中表示发现功能不完整，项目范围有遗失，需要提变更请求进行补救，开发人员的说法不符合情理，道德问题，A错误，B是变更请求被批准之后的事情，题目中已发现，C不需要再去审查需求，D为正确选项。
37、 [单选] 在一个软件项目章程获得批准后，项目经理计划收集相关方、解决方案以及产品需求。两位关键相关方离开项目，由位于不同时区的人员取代。若要完成需求跟踪矩阵，项目经理应该怎么做？
After a software project charter is approved, the project manager plans to gather stakeholders , solutions and product requirements. Two key stakeholders leave the project and are replaced by people located in different time zones. What should the project manager do to complete the requirements traceability matrix?
A：使用名义小组技术收集多个地区的意见
Use the nominal group technique to collect multiple location inputs
B：安排一次联合应用设计(JAD)研讨会
Facilitate a joint application design (JAD) workshop
C：举行多次虚拟会议
Conduct multiplhold virtual meetings
D：执行站点顺序需求审查
Perform site-sequential requirements reviews
正确答案：B 你的答案：A
解析：PMBOK5.2.2 收集需求：工具与技术，引导。如何向众多相关方收集需求，用引导式研讨会,B是引导式研讨会的一种具体实践方法，