MA
Time Series Analysis
author:zoxiii
MA
【参考文献】王燕. 应用时间序列分析-第5版[M]. 中国人民大学出版社, 2019.
0-模型
MA(q)
{ x t = μ + ε t − θ 1 ε t − 1 − . . . − θ q ε t − q θ q ≠ 0 E ( ε t ) = 0 , V a r ( ε t ) = σ ε 2 , E ( ε t ε s ) = 0 , s ≠ t \begin{cases} x_t=\mu+\varepsilon_t-\theta_1\varepsilon_{t-1}-...-\theta_q\varepsilon_{t-q} \\ \theta_q\ne 0 \\ E(\varepsilon_t)=0,Var(\varepsilon_t)=\sigma_\varepsilon^2,E(\varepsilon_t\varepsilon_s)=0,s \ne t \end{cases} ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧xt=μ+εt−θ1εt−1−...−θqεt−qθq=0E(εt)=0,Var(εt)=σε2,E(εtεs)=0,s=t
中心化MA(q)
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x_t=\varepsilon_t-\theta_1\varepsilon_{t-1}-...-\theta_q\varepsilon_{t-q}
xt=εt−θ1εt−1−...−θqεt−q
引入延迟算子B
x t = ε t − θ 1 ε t − 1 − . . . − θ q ε t − q = ε t − θ 1 B ε t − . . . − θ q B q ε t = Θ ( B ) ε t x_t=\varepsilon_t-\theta_1\varepsilon_{t-1}-...-\theta_q\varepsilon_{t-q} \\ ~=\varepsilon_t-\theta_1B\varepsilon_{t}-...-\theta_qB^q\varepsilon_{t} \\ =\Theta(B)\varepsilon_t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ xt=εt−θ1εt−1−...−θqεt−q =εt−θ1Bεt−...−θqBqεt=Θ(B)εt
得到q阶移动平均系数多项式:
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\Theta(B)=1-\theta_1B-\theta_2B^2-...-\theta_qB^q
Θ(B)=1−θ1B−θ2B2−...−θqBq
1-均值
E ( x t ) = μ E(x_t)=\mu E(xt)=μ
2-方差
V a r ( x t ) = ( 1 + θ 1 2 + . . . + θ q 2 ) σ ε 2 Var(x_t)=(1+\theta_1^2+...+\theta_q^2)\sigma_\varepsilon^2 Var(xt)=(1+θ12+...+θq2)σε2
3-延迟k自协方差函数
- MA(q)自协方差函数只与滞后阶数k有关,且q阶截尾
γ k = { ( 1 + θ 1 2 + . . . + θ q 2 ) σ ε 2 , k = 0 ( − θ k + ∑ i = 1 q − k θ i θ k + i ) σ ε 2 , 1 ≤ k ≤ q 0 , k > q \gamma_k=\begin{cases} (1+\theta_1^2+...+\theta_q^2)\sigma_\varepsilon^2,~~~~~~~~~k=0 \\ (-\theta_k+\sum_{i=1}^{q-k}{\theta_i\theta_{k+i}})\sigma_\varepsilon^2,~~~1 \le k \le q \\ 0,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~k \gt q \end{cases} γk=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧(1+θ12+...+θq2)σε2, k=0(−θk+∑i=1q−kθiθk+i)σε2, 1≤k≤q0, k>q
4-延迟k自相关系数
MA(1)
ρ k = γ k γ 0 = { 1 , k = 0 − θ 1 1 + θ 1 2 , k = 1 0 , k ≥ 2 \rho_k=\frac{\gamma_k}{\gamma_0}=\begin{cases} 1,~~~~~~~~k=0 \\ \frac{-\theta_1}{1+\theta_1^2},~~~k=1 \\ 0,~~~~~~~~k \ge 2 \end{cases} ρk=γ0γk=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧1, k=01+θ12−θ1, k=10, k≥2
MA(2)
ρ k = γ k γ 0 = { 1 , k = 0 − θ k + θ 1 θ 2 1 + θ 1 2 + θ 2 2 , k = 1 − θ 2 1 + θ 1 2 + θ 2 2 , k = 2 0 , k ≥ 3 \rho_k=\frac{\gamma_k}{\gamma_0}=\begin{cases} 1,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~k=0 \\ \frac{-\theta_k+\theta_1\theta_2}{1+\theta_1^2+\theta_2^2},~~~k=1 \\ \frac{-\theta_2}{1+\theta_1^2+\theta_2^2},~~~~k=2 \\ 0,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~k \ge 3 \end{cases} ρk=γ0γk=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧1, k=01+θ12+θ22−θk+θ1θ2, k=11+θ12+θ22−θ2, k=20, k≥3
MA(q)
ρ k = γ k γ 0 = { 1 , k = 0 − θ k + ∑ i = 1 q − k θ i θ k + i 1 + θ 1 2 + . . . + θ q 2 , 1 ≤ k ≤ q 0 , k > q \rho_k=\frac{\gamma_k}{\gamma_0}=\begin{cases} 1,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~k=0 \\ \frac{-\theta_k+\sum_{i=1}^{q-k}{\theta_i\theta_{k+i}}}{1+\theta_1^2+...+\theta_q^2},~~~1 \le k \le q \\ 0,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~k \gt q \end{cases} ρk=γ0γk=⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧1, k=01+θ12+...+θq2−θk+∑i=1q−kθiθk+i, 1≤k≤q0, k>q
5-延迟k偏自相关系数
- MA(q)模型的延迟k偏自相关系数 ϕ k k \phi_{kk} ϕkk拖尾
ϕ k k \phi_{kk} ϕkk
6-验证模型可逆性
已知中心化MA(q)模型为
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x_t=\varepsilon_t-\theta_1\varepsilon_{t-1}-...-\theta_q\varepsilon_{t-q}
xt=εt−θ1εt−1−...−θqεt−q
∴
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x_t=\varepsilon_t-\theta_1\varepsilon_{t-1}-...-\theta_q\varepsilon_{t-q}\\ ~=\varepsilon_t-\theta_1B\varepsilon_{t}-...-\theta_qB^q\varepsilon_{t}\\ =\Theta(B)\varepsilon_t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
xt=εt−θ1εt−1−...−θqεt−q =εt−θ1Bεt−...−θqBqεt=Θ(B)εt
∴得到移动平均系数多项式
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\Theta(B)=1-\theta_1B-\theta_2B^2-...-\theta_qB^q
Θ(B)=1−θ1B−θ2B2−...−θqBq
设 Θ ( B ) = 0 \Theta(B)=0 Θ(B)=0的根为 λ \lambda λ,
∴ 1 − θ 1 λ − θ 2 λ 2 − . . . − θ q λ q = 0 1-\theta_1\lambda-\theta_2\lambda^2-...-\theta_q\lambda^q=0 1−θ1λ−θ2λ2−...−θqλq=0
求解得到 λ 1 , λ 2 , . . . \lambda_1,\lambda_2,... λ1,λ2,...
当满足 ∣ λ 1 ∣ > 1 且 ∣ λ 2 ∣ > 1 且 . . . |\lambda_1|\gt 1且|\lambda_2|\gt 1且... ∣λ1∣>1且∣λ2∣>1且...时,MA(q)模型可逆。
7-逆函数递推公式
逆函数 I j I_j Ij
如果MA(q) x t = ε t − θ 1 ε t − 1 − . . . − θ q ε t − q x_t=\varepsilon_t-\theta_1\varepsilon_{t-1}-...-\theta_q\varepsilon_{t-q} xt=εt−θ1εt−1−...−θqεt−q可逆,有
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\begin{cases} \Theta(B)\varepsilon_t=x_t,[1] \\ \varepsilon_t=I(B)x_t,[2] \end{cases}
{Θ(B)εt=xt,[1]εt=I(B)xt,[2]
其中
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\Theta(B)=1-\theta_1B-\theta_2B^2-...-\theta_qB^q=1-\sum_{i=1}^{q}{\theta_iB^i}
Θ(B)=1−θ1B−θ2B2−...−θqBq=1−i=1∑qθiBi
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I(B)=I_1+I_1B+I_2B^2+...=\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}{I_iB^i}
I(B)=I1+I1B+I2B2+...=i=0∑∞IiBi
将[2]式代入[1]式得到
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\Theta(B)I(B)x_t=x_t
Θ(B)I(B)xt=xt,按照待定系数法求得
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I_0=1 \\ I_l=\sum_{i=1}^{l}{\theta_i'I_{l-i}}
I0=1Il=i=1∑lθi′Il−i
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l \ge 1 \\ \theta_i'=\begin{cases} \theta_i,~~~i \le q \\ 0,~~~~i \gt q \end{cases}
l≥1θi′={θi, i≤q0, i>q