类型四:相似参数换算
04 知识回顾
六大相似参数
①发动机转速相似参数
将发动机转速 n n n写成马赫数 M a u 1 Ma_{u1} Mau1的函数:
n = 60 π D 1 u 1 = 60 π D 1 a 1 M a u 1 = 60 π D 1 a c r λ u 1 = 60 π D 1 2 γ R T 0 ∗ γ + 1 λ u 1 n=\frac{60}{\pi D_1}u_1=\frac{60}{\pi D_1}a_1Ma_{u1}=\frac{60}{\pi D_1}a_{cr}\lambda _{u1}=\frac{60}{\pi D_1}\sqrt{\frac{2\gamma RT_{0}^{*}}{\gamma +1}}\lambda _{u1} n=πD160u1=πD160a1Mau1=πD160acrλu1=πD160γ+12γRT0∗λu1
当发动机在相似状态下工作时, M a u 1 Ma_{u1} Mau1等于常数,于是得到发动机转速相似参数:n T 0 ∗ = c o n s t o r n T 0 = c o n s t \frac{n}{\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}}=const\quad or\quad \frac{n}{\sqrt{T_0}}=const T0∗n=constorT0n=const
②空气流量相似参数
空气流量的计算公式为:
q m , a = K p 0 ∗ T 0 ∗ A 0 q ( M a 0 ) q_{m,a}=K\frac{p_{0}^{*}}{\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}}A_0q\left( Ma_0 \right) qm,a=KT0∗p0∗A0q(Ma0)
当发动机在相似状态工作时, A 0 A_0 A0、 M a 0 Ma_0 Ma0保持不变,于是得到空气流量相似参数:q m , a T 0 ∗ p 0 ∗ = c o n s t \frac{q_{m,a}\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}}{p_{0}^{*}}=const p0∗qm,aT0∗=const
③发动机单位推力相似参数
完全膨胀情况下,发动机推力为:
F = q m , a ( V 5 − V ) F=q_{m,a}\left( V_5-V \right) F=qm,a(V5−V)
单位推力为
F s = F q m , a = V 5 − V = T 0 ∗ ( V 5 T 0 ∗ − V T 0 ∗ ) F_s=\frac{F}{q_{m,a}}=V_5-V=\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}\left( \frac{V_5}{\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}}-\frac{V}{\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}} \right) Fs=qm,aF=V5−V=T0∗(T0∗V5−T0∗V)
当发动机在相似状态工作时, V 5 T 0 ∗ \frac{V_5}{\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}} T0∗V5、 V T 0 ∗ \frac{V}{\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}} T0∗V保持不变,于是单位推力相似参数为:F s T 0 ∗ = c o n s t \frac{F_s}{\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}}=const T0∗Fs=const
④发动机推力相似参数
F = q m , a F s = K p 0 ∗ T 0 ∗ A 0 q ( M a 0 ) K 1 T 0 ∗ F=q_{m,a}F_s=K\frac{p_{0}^{*}}{\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}}A_0q\left( Ma_0 \right) K_1\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}} F=qm,aFs=KT0∗p0∗A0q(Ma0)K1T0∗
当发动机在相似状态工作时, A 0 A_0 A0、 M a 0 Ma_0 Ma0保持不变,于是得到推力相似参数:F p 0 ∗ = c o n s t \frac{F}{p_{0}^{*}}=const p0∗F=const
⑤燃油消耗率相似参数
s f c = 3600 q m , f F = 3600 q m , f q m , a F s = 3600 f F s = 3600 c p ( T 3 ∗ − T 2 ∗ ) ζ b H u F s sfc=\frac{3600q_{m,f}}{F}=\frac{3600q_{m,f}}{q_{m,a}F_s}=\frac{3600f}{F_s}=\frac{3600c_p\left( T_{3}^{*}-T_{2}^{*} \right)}{\zeta _bH_uF_s} sfc=F3600qm,f=qm,aFs3600qm,f=Fs3600f=ζbHuFs3600cp(T3∗−T2∗)
其中 q m , f H u ζ b = q m , a c p ( T 3 ∗ − T 2 ∗ ) q_{m,f}H_u\zeta _b=q_{m,a}c_p\left( T_{3}^{*}-T_{2}^{*} \right) qm,fHuζb=qm,acp(T3∗−T2∗),进一步可推得:
s f c = 3600 c p ( T 3 ∗ T 0 ∗ − T 2 ∗ T 0 ∗ ) ζ b H u F s T 0 ∗ T 0 ∗ sfc=\frac{3600c_p\left( \frac{T_{3}^{*}}{T_{0}^{*}}-\frac{T_{2}^{*}}{T_{0}^{*}} \right)}{\zeta _bH_u\frac{F_s}{\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}}}\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}} sfc=ζbHuT0∗Fs3600cp(T0∗T3∗−T0∗T2∗)T0∗
当发动机在相似状态工作时, T 3 ∗ T 0 ∗ \frac{T_{3}^{*}}{T_{0}^{*}} T0∗T3∗、 T 2 ∗ T 0 ∗ \frac{T_{2}^{*}}{T_{0}^{*}} T0∗T2∗、 F s T 0 ∗ \frac{F_s}{\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}} T0∗Fs保持不变,使用相同的燃油, H u H_u Hu、 ζ b \zeta _b ζb、 c p c_p cp都相同,于是可以得到燃油消耗率相似参数:s f c T 0 ∗ = c o n s t \frac{sfc}{\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}}=const T0∗sfc=const
⑥燃油流量相似参数
q m , f = K 1 F ⋅ s f c = K 1 ⋅ K 2 p 0 ∗ ⋅ K 3 T 0 ∗ q_{m,f}=K_1F\cdot sfc=K_1\cdot K_2p_{0}^{*}\cdot K_3\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}} qm,f=K1F⋅sfc=K1⋅K2p0∗⋅K3T0∗
于是可以得出燃油流量相似参数:q m , f p 0 ∗ T 0 ∗ = c o n s t \frac{q_{m,f}}{p_{0}^{*}\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}}=const p0∗T0∗qm,f=const
1.某单转子涡轮喷气发动机以国际标准大气条件为设计状态,其设计参数分别为: n d n_d nd、 π c , d ∗ \pi_{c,d}^* πc,d∗、 T 3 , d ∗ T_{3,d}^* T3,d∗、 q m , d q_{m,d} qm,d、 F d F_d Fd、 s f c d sfc_d sfcd。若该发动机在某次地面试车时,测得大气温度为 12 ° C 12{\degree}\mathrm{C} 12°C,大气压力仍为标准大气压力,问试车时发动机应置于什么转速才能与设计状态相似?此时发动机的 π c ∗ \pi_{c}^* πc∗、 T 3 ∗ T_{3}^* T3∗、 q m q_{m} qm、 F F F、 s f c sfc sfc将为多少?
解:
标准大气条件:
T
0
,
d
∗
=
T
0
,
d
=
288.15
K
p
0
,
d
∗
=
p
0
,
d
=
101325
P
a
T_{0,d}^{*}=T_{0,d}=288.15 \mathrm{K} \\ p_{0,d}^{*}=p_{0,d}=101325 \mathrm{Pa}
T0,d∗=T0,d=288.15Kp0,d∗=p0,d=101325Pa
地面试车:
T
0
∗
=
T
0
=
273.15
+
12
=
285.15
K
p
0
∗
=
p
0
=
101325
P
a
T_{0}^{*}=T_0=273.15+12=285.15\,\,\mathrm{K} \\ p_{0}^{*}=p_0=101325 \mathrm{Pa}
T0∗=T0=273.15+12=285.15Kp0∗=p0=101325Pa
发动机在相似状态工作时:
π
c
∗
=
π
c
,
d
∗
\pi_{c}^*=\pi_{c,d}^*
πc∗=πc,d∗
列出相似条件:
转速相似参数:
n
d
T
0
,
d
∗
=
n
T
0
∗
⇒
n
=
n
d
T
0
∗
T
0
,
d
∗
=
n
d
285.15
288.15
=
0.994781
n
d
\frac{n_d}{\sqrt{T_{0,d}^{*}}}=\frac{n}{\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}}\Rightarrow n=n_d\sqrt{\frac{T_{0}^{*}}{T_{0,d}^{*}}}=n_d\sqrt{\frac{285.15}{288.15}}=0.994781n_d
T0,d∗nd=T0∗n⇒n=ndT0,d∗T0∗=nd288.15285.15=0.994781nd
温度相似参数
T
3
,
d
∗
T
0
,
d
∗
=
T
3
∗
T
0
∗
⇒
T
3
∗
=
T
0
∗
T
0
,
d
∗
T
3
,
d
∗
=
285.15
288.15
T
3
,
d
∗
=
0.989589
T
3
,
d
∗
\frac{T_{3,d}^{*}}{T_{0,d}^{*}}=\frac{T_{3}^{*}}{T_{0}^{*}}\Rightarrow T_{3}^{*}=\frac{T_{0}^{*}}{T_{0,d}^{*}}T_{3,d}^{*}=\frac{285.15}{288.15}T_{3,d}^{*}=0.989589T_{3,d}^{*}
T0,d∗T3,d∗=T0∗T3∗⇒T3∗=T0,d∗T0∗T3,d∗=288.15285.15T3,d∗=0.989589T3,d∗
空气流量相似参数
q
m
,
d
T
0
,
d
∗
p
0
,
d
∗
=
q
m
T
0
∗
p
0
∗
⇒
q
m
=
q
m
,
d
p
0
∗
p
0
,
d
∗
T
0
,
d
∗
T
0
∗
=
101325
101325
288.15
285.15
q
m
,
d
=
1.00525
q
m
,
d
\frac{q_{m,d}\sqrt{T_{0,d}^{*}}}{p_{0,d}^{*}}=\frac{q_m\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}}{p_{0}^{*}}\Rightarrow q_m=q_{m,d}\frac{p_{0}^{*}}{p_{0,d}^{*}}\sqrt{\frac{T_{0,d}^{*}}{T_{0}^{*}}}=\frac{101325}{101325}\sqrt{\frac{288.15}{285.15}}q_{m,d}=1.00525q_{m,d} \\
p0,d∗qm,dT0,d∗=p0∗qmT0∗⇒qm=qm,dp0,d∗p0∗T0∗T0,d∗=101325101325285.15288.15qm,d=1.00525qm,d
推力相似参数
F
d
p
0
,
d
∗
=
F
p
0
∗
⇒
F
=
p
0
∗
p
0
,
d
∗
F
d
=
F
d
\frac{F_d}{p_{0,d}^{*}}=\frac{F}{p_{0}^{*}}\Rightarrow F=\frac{p_{0}^{*}}{p_{0,d}^{*}}F_d=F_d
p0,d∗Fd=p0∗F⇒F=p0,d∗p0∗Fd=Fd
燃油消耗率相似参数
s
f
c
d
T
0
,
d
∗
=
s
f
c
T
0
∗
⇒
s
f
c
=
s
f
c
d
T
0
∗
T
0
,
d
∗
=
s
f
c
d
285.15
288.15
=
0.994781
s
f
c
d
\frac{sfc_d}{\sqrt{T_{0,d}^{*}}}=\frac{sfc}{\sqrt{T_{0}^{*}}}\Rightarrow sfc=sfc_d\sqrt{\frac{T_{0}^{*}}{T_{0,d}^{*}}}=sfc_d\sqrt{\frac{285.15}{288.15}}=0.994781sfc_d
T0,d∗sfcd=T0∗sfc⇒sfc=sfcdT0,d∗T0∗=sfcd288.15285.15=0.994781sfcd
类型五:压气机、涡轮相关参数计算
05 知识回顾
压气机的相关参数
1.增压比
π c ∗ = p 2 ∗ p 1 ∗ \pi _{c}^{*}=\frac{p_{2}^{*}}{p_{1}^{*}} πc∗=p1∗p2∗π c ∗ = ( γ − 1 γ R T 1 ∗ μ π 2 D 2 3600 n 2 η c ∗ + 1 ) γ γ − 1 \pi _{c}^{*}=\left( \frac{\gamma -1}{\gamma RT_{1}^{*}}\mu \frac{\pi ^2D^2}{3600}n^2\eta _{c}^{*}+1 \right) ^{\frac{\gamma}{\gamma -1}} πc∗=(γRT1∗γ−1μ3600π2D2n2ηc∗+1)γ−1γ
2.压气机功
(1)理想压气机功
w c , s = γ R γ − 1 T 1 ∗ ( π c ∗ γ − 1 γ − 1 ) w_{c,s}=\frac{\gamma R}{\gamma -1}T_{1}^{*}\left( {\pi _{c}^{*}}^{\frac{\gamma -1}{\gamma}}-1 \right) wc,s=γ−1γRT1∗(πc∗γγ−1−1)
(2)绝热压气机功
w c = γ R γ − 1 T 1 ∗ ( π c ∗ n − 1 n − 1 ) w_c=\frac{\gamma R}{\gamma -1}T_{1}^{*}\left( {\pi _{c}^{*}}^{\frac{n-1}{n}}-1 \right) \\ wc=γ−1γRT1∗(πc∗nn−1−1)
其中 n = 1 1 − ( ln T 2 ∗ T 1 ∗ / ln p 2 ∗ p 1 ∗ ) n=\frac{1}{1-\left( \ln \frac{T_{2}^{*}}{T_{1}^{*}}/\ln \frac{p_{2}^{*}}{p_{1}^{*}} \right)} n=1−(lnT1∗T2∗/lnp1∗p2∗)1,也可以根据压气机效率定义来表示绝热压气功,即
w c = c p ( T 2 ∗ − T 1 ∗ ) = γ R ( γ − 1 ) η c ∗ T 1 ∗ ( π c ∗ γ − 1 γ − 1 ) w_c=c_p\left( T_{2}^{*}-T_{1}^{*} \right) =\frac{\gamma R}{\left( \gamma -1 \right) \eta _{c}^{*}}T_{1}^{*}\left( {\pi _{c}^{*}}^{\frac{\gamma -1}{\gamma}}-1 \right) wc=cp(T2∗−T1∗)=(γ−1)ηc∗γRT1∗(πc∗γγ−1−1)
另外,根据压气机轮缘功和转速的关系,压气机功也可以写作下列形式:
w c = μ u 2 = μ π 2 D 2 3600 n 2 w_c=\mu u^2=\mu \frac{\pi ^2D^2}{3600}n^2 wc=μu2=μ3600π2D2n23.压气机效率
η c ∗ = w c , s w c = h 2 , s ∗ − h 1 ∗ h 2 ∗ − h 1 ∗ = T 1 ∗ ( π c ∗ γ − 1 γ − 1 ) T 2 ∗ − T 1 ∗ \eta _{c}^{*}=\frac{w_{c,s}}{w_c}=\frac{h_{2,s}^{*}-h_{1}^{*}}{h_{2}^{*}-h_{1}^{*}}=\frac{T_{1}^{*}\left( {\pi _{c}^{*}}^{\frac{\gamma -1}{\gamma}}-1 \right)}{T_{2}^{*}-T_{1}^{*}} ηc∗=wcwc,s=h2∗−h1∗h2,s∗−h1∗=T2∗−T1∗T1∗(πc∗γγ−1−1)4.压气机功率
N c = q m w c N_c=q_mw_c Nc=qmwc涡轮的相关参数
1.落压比
π T ∗ = p 3 ∗ p 4 ∗ \pi _{T}^{*}=\frac{p_{3}^{*}}{p_{4}^{*}} πT∗=p4∗p3∗
2.涡轮功(1)理想涡轮功
w T , s = γ ′ R γ ′ − 1 T 3 ∗ ( 1 − 1 π T ∗ γ ′ − 1 γ ′ ) w_{T,s}=\frac{\gamma ^{\prime}R}{\gamma ^{\prime}-1}T_{3}^{*}\left( 1-\frac{1}{{\pi _{T}^{*}}^{\frac{\gamma ^{\prime}-1}{\gamma ^{\prime}}}} \right) wT,s=γ′−1γ′RT3∗ 1−πT∗γ′γ′−11
(2)绝热涡轮功
w T = c p ′ ( T 3 ∗ − T 4 ∗ ) w_T=c_{p}^{\prime}\left( T_{3}^{*}-T_{4}^{*} \right) wT=cp′(T3∗−T4∗)
根据涡轮效率定义:
w T = w T , s η T ∗ = γ ′ R γ ′ − 1 T 3 ∗ ( 1 − 1 π T ∗ γ ′ − 1 γ ′ ) η T ∗ w_T=w_{T,s}\eta _{T}^{*}=\frac{\gamma ^{\prime}R}{\gamma ^{\prime}-1}T_{3}^{*}\left( 1-\frac{1}{{\pi _{T}^{*}}^{\frac{\gamma ^{\prime}-1}{\gamma ^{\prime}}}} \right) \eta _{T}^{*} wT=wT,sηT∗=γ′−1γ′RT3∗ 1−πT∗γ′γ′−11 ηT∗
3.涡轮效率:
η T ∗ = w T w T , s \eta _{T}^{*}=\frac{w_T}{w_{T,s}} ηT∗=wT,swT
4.涡轮功率:
N T = q m , g w T = γ ′ R γ ′ − 1 T 3 ∗ ( 1 − 1 π T ∗ γ ′ − 1 γ ′ ) q m , g η T ∗ N_T=q_{m,g}w_T=\frac{\gamma ^{\prime}R}{\gamma ^{\prime}-1}T_{3}^{*}\left( 1-\frac{1}{{\pi _{T}^{*}}^{\frac{\gamma ^{\prime}-1}{\gamma ^{\prime}}}} \right) q_{m,g}\eta _{T}^{*} NT=qm,gwT=γ′−1γ′RT3∗ 1−πT∗γ′γ′−11 qm,gηT∗
(1)压气机
1.一台轴流式发动机,进口处空气的总温为 300 K 300\ \mathrm{K} 300 K,压气机的增压比为 20 20 20,压气机的效率为 0.86 0.86 0.86,求压气机的定熵轴功,实际轴功,出口处总温,绝热压缩的多变指数。
解:
定熵轴功:
w
c
,
s
=
c
p
T
1
∗
(
π
c
∗
γ
−
1
γ
−
1
)
=
1005
×
300
×
(
2
0
1.4
−
1
1.4
−
1
)
=
408094
J
w_{c,s}=c_pT_{1}^{*}\left( {\pi _{c}^{*}}^{\frac{\gamma -1}{\gamma}}-1 \right) =1005\times 300\times \left( 20^{\frac{1.4-1}{1.4}}-1 \right) =408094\,\,\mathrm{J}
wc,s=cpT1∗(πc∗γγ−1−1)=1005×300×(201.41.4−1−1)=408094J
实际轴功:
w
c
=
w
c
,
s
η
c
∗
=
408094
0.86
=
474528
J
w_c=\frac{w_{c,s}}{\eta _{c}^{*}}=\frac{408094}{0.86}=474528\,\,\mathrm{J}
wc=ηc∗wc,s=0.86408094=474528J
实际轴功还可以写为:
w
c
=
c
p
(
T
2
∗
−
T
1
∗
)
w_c=c_p\left( T_{2}^{*}-T_{1}^{*} \right)
wc=cp(T2∗−T1∗)
故出口总温为:
T
2
∗
=
w
c
c
p
+
T
1
∗
=
474528
1005
+
300
=
772.17
K
T_{2}^{*}=\frac{w_c}{c_p}+T_{1}^{*}=\frac{474528}{1005}+300=772.17\,\,\mathrm{K}
T2∗=cpwc+T1∗=1005474528+300=772.17K
实际轴功表达式:
w
c
=
c
p
(
T
2
∗
−
T
1
∗
)
=
c
p
T
1
∗
(
π
c
∗
n
−
1
n
−
1
)
w_c=c_p\left( T_{2}^{*}-T_{1}^{*} \right) =c_pT_{1}^{*}\left( {\pi _{c}^{*}}^{\frac{n-1}{n}}-1 \right)
wc=cp(T2∗−T1∗)=cpT1∗(πc∗nn−1−1)
解得绝热压缩的多变指数:
n
=
1
1
−
(
ln
T
2
∗
T
1
∗
/
ln
π
c
∗
)
=
1
1
−
ln
772.17
300
ln
20
=
1.46111
n=\frac{1}{1-\left( \ln \frac{T_{2}^{*}}{T_{1}^{*}}/\ln \pi _{c}^{*} \right)}=\frac{1}{1-\frac{\ln \frac{772.17}{300}}{\ln 20}}=1.46111
n=1−(lnT1∗T2∗/lnπc∗)1=1−ln20ln300772.171=1.46111
2.在标准大气条件下,测得某压气机的平均出口总温 T 2 ∗ = 550 K T_2^*=550\ \mathrm{K} T2∗=550 K,总压 p 2 ∗ = 738940 P a p_2^*=738940\ \mathrm{Pa} p2∗=738940 Pa,求该压气机的效率为多少?
解:
标准大气条件下:
T
1
∗
=
T
0
∗
=
T
0
=
288.15
K
p
1
∗
=
p
0
∗
=
p
0
=
101325
P
a
T_{1}^{*}=T_{0}^{*}=T_0=288.15\mathrm{K} \\ p_{1}^{*}=p_{0}^{*}=p_0=101325\mathrm{Pa}
T1∗=T0∗=T0=288.15Kp1∗=p0∗=p0=101325Pa
压气机增压比:
π
c
∗
=
p
2
∗
p
1
∗
=
738940
101325
=
7.29
\pi _{c}^{*}=\frac{p_{2}^{*}}{p_{1}^{*}}=\frac{738940}{101325}=7.29
πc∗=p1∗p2∗=101325738940=7.29
压气机效率:
η
c
∗
=
w
c
,
s
w
c
=
c
p
T
1
∗
(
π
c
∗
γ
−
1
γ
−
1
)
c
p
(
T
2
∗
−
T
1
∗
)
=
288.15
×
(
7.2
9
1.4
−
1
1.4
−
1
)
550
−
288.15
=
0.84
\eta _{c}^{*}=\frac{w_{c,s}}{w_c}=\frac{c_pT_{1}^{*}\left( {\pi _{c}^{*}}^{\frac{\gamma -1}{\gamma}}-1 \right)}{c_p\left( T_{2}^{*}-T_{1}^{*} \right)}=\frac{288.15\times \left( 7.29^{\frac{1.4-1}{1.4}}-1 \right)}{550-288.15}=0.84
ηc∗=wcwc,s=cp(T2∗−T1∗)cpT1∗(πc∗γγ−1−1)=550−288.15288.15×(7.291.41.4−1−1)=0.84
3.在标准大气条件下,某发动机的总增压比 π c ∗ = 8.9 \pi_c^*=8.9 πc∗=8.9,效率 η c ∗ = 0.775 \eta_c^*=0.775 ηc∗=0.775,空气流量 q m = 64 k g / s q_m=64\ \mathrm{kg/s} qm=64 kg/s,求压气机出口总温 T 2 ∗ T_2^* T2∗、压气机功 w c w_c wc、压气机的功率 N c N_c Nc。
解:
标准大气条件下:
T
1
∗
=
T
0
∗
=
T
0
=
288.15
K
p
1
∗
=
p
0
∗
=
p
0
=
101325
P
a
T_{1}^{*}=T_{0}^{*}=T_0=288.15\mathrm{K} \\ p_{1}^{*}=p_{0}^{*}=p_0=101325\mathrm{Pa}
T1∗=T0∗=T0=288.15Kp1∗=p0∗=p0=101325Pa
压气机功可写为
w
c
=
c
p
T
1
∗
η
c
∗
(
π
c
∗
γ
−
1
γ
−
1
)
=
c
p
(
T
2
∗
−
T
1
∗
)
w_c=\frac{c_pT_{1}^{*}}{\eta _{c}^{*}}\left( {\pi _{c}^{*}}^{\frac{\gamma -1}{\gamma}}-1 \right) =c_p\left( T_{2}^{*}-T_{1}^{*} \right)
wc=ηc∗cpT1∗(πc∗γγ−1−1)=cp(T2∗−T1∗)
压气机出口总温:
T
2
∗
=
T
1
∗
(
π
c
∗
γ
−
1
γ
−
1
η
c
∗
+
1
)
=
288.15
×
(
8.
9
1.4
−
1
1.4
−
1
0.775
+
1
)
=
610.68
K
T_{2}^{*}=T_{1}^{*}\left( \frac{{\pi _{c}^{*}}^{\frac{\gamma -1}{\gamma}}-1}{\eta _{c}^{*}}+1 \right) =288.15\times \left( \frac{8.9^{\frac{1.4-1}{1.4}}-1}{0.775}+1 \right) =610.68\,\mathrm{K}
T2∗=T1∗(ηc∗πc∗γγ−1−1+1)=288.15×(0.7758.91.41.4−1−1+1)=610.68K
压气机功:
w
c
=
c
p
(
T
2
∗
−
T
1
∗
)
=
1005
×
(
610.68
−
288.15
)
=
324143
J
w_c=c_p\left( T_{2}^{*}-T_{1}^{*} \right) =1005\times \left( 610.68-288.15 \right) =324143\,\,\mathrm{J}
wc=cp(T2∗−T1∗)=1005×(610.68−288.15)=324143J
压气机功率:
N
c
=
q
m
w
c
=
64
×
324143
=
2.07452
×
1
0
7
w
N_c=q_mw_c=64\times 324143=2.07452\times 10^7\,\,\mathrm{w}
Nc=qmwc=64×324143=2.07452×107w
(2)涡轮
1.单级涡轮燃气进口总温 T 3 ∗ = 1200 K T_3^*=1200\ \mathrm{K} T3∗=1200 K,出口总温为 T 4 ∗ = 935 K T_4^*=935\ \mathrm{K} T4∗=935 K,涡轮效率为 η T ∗ 0.89 \eta_T^*0.89 ηT∗0.89,进口总压为 p 3 ∗ = 5.4 × 1 0 5 P a p_3^*=5.4\times10^5\ \mathrm{Pa} p3∗=5.4×105 Pa,求涡轮出口总压和涡轮功。
解:
涡轮功可以写为:
w
T
=
c
p
′
(
T
3
∗
−
T
4
∗
)
=
c
p
′
T
3
∗
(
1
−
1
π
T
∗
γ
′
−
1
γ
′
)
η
T
∗
w_T=c_{p}^{\prime}\left( T_{3}^{*}-T_{4}^{*} \right) =c_{p}^{\prime}T_{3}^{*}\left( 1-\frac{1}{{\pi _{T}^{*}}^{\frac{\gamma ^{\prime}-1}{\gamma ^{\prime}}}} \right) \eta _{T}^{*}
wT=cp′(T3∗−T4∗)=cp′T3∗
1−πT∗γ′γ′−11
ηT∗
解出涡轮落压比为
π
T
∗
=
(
T
3
∗
η
T
∗
T
3
∗
η
T
∗
+
T
4
∗
−
T
3
∗
)
γ
′
γ
′
−
1
=
(
1200
×
0.89
1200
×
0.89
+
935
−
1200
)
1.33
1.33
−
1
=
3.16
\pi _{T}^{*}=\left( \frac{T_{3}^{*}\eta _{T}^{*}}{T_{3}^{*}\eta _{T}^{*}+T_{4}^{*}-T_{3}^{*}} \right) ^{\frac{\gamma ^{\prime}}{\gamma ^{\prime}-1}}=\left( \frac{1200\times 0.89}{1200\times 0.89+935-1200} \right) ^{\frac{1.33}{1.33-1}}=3.16
πT∗=(T3∗ηT∗+T4∗−T3∗T3∗ηT∗)γ′−1γ′=(1200×0.89+935−12001200×0.89)1.33−11.33=3.16
涡轮出口总压:
p
4
∗
=
p
3
∗
/
π
T
∗
=
5.4
×
1
0
5
/
3.16
=
170886
P
a
p_{4}^{*}=p_{3}^{*}/\pi _{T}^{*}=5.4\times 10^5/3.16=170886\,\,\mathrm{Pa}
p4∗=p3∗/πT∗=5.4×105/3.16=170886Pa
涡轮功:
w
T
=
c
p
′
(
T
3
∗
−
T
4
∗
)
=
1158
×
(
1200
−
935
)
=
306870
J
w_T=c_{p}^{\prime}\left( T_{3}^{*}-T_{4}^{*} \right) =1158\times \left( 1200-935 \right) =306870\,\,\mathrm{J}
wT=cp′(T3∗−T4∗)=1158×(1200−935)=306870J
2.某涡轮燃气进口总温 T 3 ∗ = 1200 ° C T_3^*=1200\ {\degree}\mathrm{C} T3∗=1200 °C,总压 p 3 ∗ = 1.2 M P a p_3^*=1.2 \mathrm{MPa} p3∗=1.2MPa,出口燃气总压 p 4 ∗ = 0.75 M P a p_4^*=0.75\mathrm{MPa} p4∗=0.75MPa,求理想涡轮功。
解:
涡轮落压比:
π
T
∗
=
p
3
∗
p
4
∗
=
1.2
0.75
=
1.6
\pi _{T}^{*}=\frac{p_{3}^{*}}{p_{4}^{*}}=\frac{1.2}{0.75}=1.6
πT∗=p4∗p3∗=0.751.2=1.6
理想涡轮功:
w
T
,
s
=
c
p
′
T
3
∗
(
1
−
1
π
T
∗
γ
′
−
1
γ
′
)
=
1158
×
(
273.15
+
1200
)
×
(
1
−
1
1.
6
1.33
−
1
1.33
)
=
187777
J
w_{T,s}=c_{p}^{\prime}T_{3}^{*}\left( 1-\frac{1}{{\pi _{T}^{*}}^{\frac{\gamma ^{\prime}-1}{\gamma ^{\prime}}}} \right) =1158\times \left( 273.15+1200 \right) \times \left( 1-\frac{1}{1.6^{\frac{1.33-1}{1.33}}} \right) =187777\,\,\mathrm{J}
wT,s=cp′T3∗
1−πT∗γ′γ′−11
=1158×(273.15+1200)×(1−1.61.331.33−11)=187777J