视线垂直于表面时,反射较弱,而当视线非垂直表面时,夹角越小,反射越明显。
如果你站在湖边,低头看脚下的水,你会发现水是透明的,反射不是特别强烈;如果你看远处的湖面,你会发现水并不是透明的,但反射非常强烈。这就是“菲涅尔效应”。
Shader "MyShader/Fresnel"
{
Properties{
_Color("Color Tint", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_FresnelScale("Fresnel Scale", Range(0, 1)) = 0.5
_Cubemap("Reflection Cubemap", Cube) = "_Skybox" {}
}
SubShader{
Tags { "RenderType" = "Opaque" "Queue" = "Geometry"}
Pass {
Tags { "LightMode" = "ForwardBase" }
CGPROGRAM
#pragma multi_compile_fwdbase
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Lighting.cginc"
#include "AutoLight.cginc"
fixed4 _Color;
fixed _FresnelScale;
samplerCUBE _Cubemap;
struct a2v {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD0;
fixed3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD1;
fixed3 worldViewDir : TEXCOORD2;
fixed3 worldRefl : TEXCOORD3;
SHADOW_COORDS(4)
};
v2f vert(a2v v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
o.worldViewDir = UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(o.worldPos);
o.worldRefl = reflect(-o.worldViewDir, o.worldNormal);
TRANSFER_SHADOW(o);
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(i.worldPos));
fixed3 worldViewDir = normalize(i.worldViewDir);
fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;
UNITY_LIGHT_ATTENUATION(atten, i, i.worldPos);
fixed3 reflection = texCUBE(_Cubemap, i.worldRefl).rgb;
fixed fresnel = _FresnelScale + (1 - _FresnelScale) * pow(1 - dot(worldViewDir, worldNormal), 5);
fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Color.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));
fixed3 color = ambient + lerp(diffuse, reflection, saturate(fresnel)) * atten;
return fixed4(color, 1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Reflective/VertexLit"
}
上面,使用了 Schlick 菲涅尔近似等式来计算 fresnel 变量。
参考 我买的 unity shader 入门精要