2023 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）——解析版

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2023 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）

Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)

Directions: Suppose the student union of your university is organizing an online discussion on college students doing community service. You are to write an essay on its benefits and the service you can provide to the community. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (1) A woman was charged with allegedly violating a Rhode Island city law against feeding wild animals. The 55-year-old woman’s neighbors blame her for making the area’s rat problem worse.
  Newly installed cameras captured several rats active in the middle of the day.Neighbors say that it’s even worse during the night.
  The woman and her parents,who own the home,told reporters that she’s being charged for feeding birds. "Who would have known just loving animals gets you that much trouble,"she said.
  It is prohibited to feed any wild animals including birds in Rhode Island City.Nevertheless,while the woman’s intention was to feed birds,it is clear that rats were also benefiting.
  (2) Anthony Moretti,director of the city administration,said he saw more than 20 rats near the woman’s home.He said it will take months to get the problem under control.

2023-06-02-01.—开头第一句—细节辨认题—多个关键词出现“violating”、“city law”

1. A. She was involved in a conflict with bird lovers.
   B. She was charged with mistreating animals.
   C. She was on bad terms with her neighbors.
   D. She was accused of violating a city law.

1. A.她和爱鸟人士发生了冲突。
B.她被指控虐待动物。
C.她和邻居关系不好。
D.她被指控违反了城市法律。

1.What do we learn from the report about the 55-year-old woman?
从报道中我们可以了解到关于这位55岁妇女的什么信息？
D【精析】细节辨认题。新闻开头指出，一名女士被指控违反了罗德岛市禁止喂养野生动物的法律。这名女士55岁了，她的邻居指责她使该地区的老鼠问题更加严重。由此可知，这名55岁的女士被指控违反了城市法律。因此，答案为D。

2023-06-02-02.—结尾第一句—细节辨认题—只有一个关键词“rat”

2. A. It will take time to solve the rat problem.
   B. All wild animals should be well protected.
   C. The woman was not to blame for the situation.
   D. No one should go unpunished for violating laws.

2. A.解决老鼠问题需要时间。
B.所有的野生动物都应该受到很好的保护。
C.这种情况不应该怪那个女人。
D.违反法律的人不应该不受惩罚。

2.What did the director of the city administration say at the end of the news report?城市管理主任在新闻报道的最后说了什么？
A【精析】细节辨认题。新闻结尾处提到，城市管理局局长在这名女士家附近看到了20多只老鼠，这个问题需要几个月的时间才能得到控制。由此可知，解决老鼠问题需要时间。因此，答案为A。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  To prepare for eventually sending astronauts to Mars,NASA began taking applications Friday for four people to live for a year in Mars Dune Alpha.That’s a 1,700-square-foot Martian habitat inside a building in Houston.
  (3) The paid volunteers will work in an environment similar to Mars .They will have limited communications with family,restricted food and resources.
  NASA is planning three experiments with the first one starting in the fall next year.(4)Food will all be ready-to-eat space food.Some plants will be grown,but not potatoes like in the movie The Martian.
“We want to understand how humans perform in them,”said lead scientists Grace Douglas.“We are looking at Mars realistic situations."
  The application process open Friday and they’re not seeking just anybody.The requirements are strict, including a master’s degree in a science,engineering or math field or pilot experience.Only American citizens or permanent U.S.residents are acceptable.Applicants must be between 30 and 55 and in good physical health.
  Attitude is key,said former Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield.He said the participants need to be super competent,resourceful,and not relying on other people to feel comfortable.

2023-06-02-03.—开头第三句—细节辨认题—出现两个关键词“environment”、“Mars”

3. A. Communicate with astronauts in Mars Dune Alpha.
   B. Work in an environment resembling Mars.
   C. Build a Martian habitat in Houston.
   D. Send in applications before Friday.

3. A.与火星Dune Alpha上的宇航员交流。
B.在类似火星的环境中工作。
C.在休斯顿建造一个火星人的栖息地。
D.星期五之前递交申请。

3.What does NASA require the paid volunteers?
NASA对付费志愿者有什么要求？
B【精析】细节辨认题。新闻开头指出，美国国家航空航天局于周五开始接受申请，挑选四人在火星模拟栖息地阿尔法火星山丘生活一年，这些有偿志愿者将在类似火星的环境中工作。因此，答案为B。

2023-06-02-04.—开头第四句—细节辨认题—出现两个关键词“Read”，“food”

4. A. Ready-made food.
   B. Food that is organic.
   C. Food they grow.
   D. Potatoes mostly.

4. A.现成的食物。
B.有机食品。
C.他们种植的食物。
D.主要是土豆。

4.What will the participants in the project eat?项目参与者吃什么？
A【精析】细节辨认题。新闻中提到，实验参与者将在类似火星的环境中生活，食物全是即食的太空食物。因此，答案为A。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (5) A Japanese mayor apologized Thursday for biting the Olympic gold medal of a softball player.Nagoya mayor Takashi Kawamura had praised athlete,Miu Goto,during a public media event.He asked her to put the medal around his neck.Kawamura then bit into it.
  Biting a medal in front of journalists and photographers has become a common pose for Olympic medalists. However,it is only for the winners themselves,not others.
  "I’m really sorry that I hurt the treasure of the gold medalist,"Kawamura told reporters Thursday.
  (6) The mayor said the medal was undamaged,though he offered to pay for the cost of a new one.
  Goto,however,has accepted the International Olympic Committee’s offer of a replacement,according to Japanese media reports.
  The scene broadcast on television prompted thousands of complaints to city hall.(7)Some Olympians said they treat their medals as treasures and that it was disrespectful and unacceptable for Kawamura to bite one.
“I would cry if that happened to me,“said another athlete,Naohisa Takato.“I handle my own gold medal so gently that I would not scratch it.”

2023-06-02-05.—开头第一句—细节辨认题—易—出现三个关键词“Olympic gold medal”

5. A. He apologized for scratching an athlete’s gold medal.
   B. He was asked to present a gold medal to Miu Goto.
   C. He bit a softball player’s Olympic gold medal.
   D. He attracted public attention at a media event.

5. A.他为抓伤一名运动员的金牌而道歉。
B.他被要求向后藤美宇颁发金牌。
C.他赢得了垒球运动员的奥运金牌。
D.他在一次媒体活动中引起了公众的注意。

5.What does the news reports say about the Japanese mayor Takashi Kawamura?关于日本市长川村隆的新闻报道是怎么说的？
C【精析】细节辨认题。新闻开头提到，日本一位市长星期四为咬了一名垒球运动员的奥运金牌道歉。接着具体指出这位市长是河村隆之，他在一次公共媒体活动中表扬了运动员后，让运动员把奖牌挂在了他的脖子上，并接着咬了一口奥运金牌。因此， 答案为C。

2023-06-02-06.—中间—细节辨认题—难—中间基本听不到的

6. A. Have another picture taken with the Olympic medalist.
   B. Apologize to the International Olympic Committee.
   C. Get the damaged medal repaired.
   D. Pay for the cost of a new medal.

6. A.和奥运奖牌得主再照一张。
B.向国际奥委会道歉。
C.修理损坏的奖章。
D.支付新奖牌的费用。

6.What did mayor Takashi Kawamura offer to do?市长川村隆提出要做什么？
D【精析】细节辨认题。新闻中提到，河村隆之市长表示，金牌完好无损，但他提出愿意支付新金牌的费用。因此，答案为D。

2023-06-02-07.—结尾第三句—细节辨认题—难

7. A. Allow no one to touch them.
   B. See them as symbols of honor.
   C. Treat them as treasures.
   D. Keep them in a safe place.

7. A.不要让任何人碰它们。
B.把它们看作荣誉的象征。
C.视他们为珍宝。
D.把它们放在安全的地方。

7.What did some Olympians say they would do with their medals?一些奥运选手说他们会如何处理他们的奖牌？
C【精析】细节辨认题。新闻最后提到，一些奥运选手说他们把自己的奖牌视为珍宝，河村隆之咬金牌是失礼的，也是不能接受的。因此，答案为C。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

M一：(8-1) What’s that orange thing on your computer screen?
W一：It’s something I bought yesterday.(8-2)It’s a plastic sheet that blocks blue light. I have one that I use to cover my phone screen too.

M二：What do you mean by blue light?
W二：(9) Blue light includes natural light,but it also includes light that isn’t natural,for example,from computers, phones,televisions and other electronic devices.

M三：So blue light is harmful and that’s why you want to block it.
W三：It isn’t that simple.Blue light isn’t necessarily bad for us.In fact,we need blue light during the day to be healthy.But too much blue light,especially from electronic devices,can harm our health by weakening our vision and making it harder for us to fall asleep.And poor sleep can cause all sorts of health problems.

M四：I’m not so sure that sleep is nearly as important as people always say it is.(10)I haven’t slept enough in months because I have too much work to do,and I feel fine.And it’s the same for most of my friends.Poor sleep might be a problem for older people,but surely young people can handle late nights.
W四：Well,(11)the research I’ve read shows that sleep is probably even more important than we thought,and that not having enough sleep can contribute to serious health problems like obesity and heart disease. And all the artificial blue light from electronic devices means we have to try harder to sleep well.

M五：Maybe you’re right.I’m on my computer very late most nights,and that’s probably why I don’t sleep enough.

2023-06-02-08.—男一第一句—原词复现五个，但是分成三处

8. A. She covered its screen with a plastic sheet.
   B. She connected it with her smart phone.
   C. She decorated it with colorful stickers.
   D. She bought some new software for it.

8. A.她用塑料布盖住了屏幕。
B.她用她的智能手机连接。
C.她用彩色贴纸装饰它。
D.她为它买了一些新软件。

8.What did the woman do to her computer?
A【精析】细节辨认题。对话中，男士询问女士电脑屏幕上的橙色的东西是什么，女士说是一块能阻挡蓝光的塑料片。由此可知，女士电脑上覆盖了一层用于阻挡蓝光的橙色塑料片。因此，答案为A。

2023-06-02-09.—女二第一句—原词复现三个“include light … unnatural”

9. A. It may not be simply blue.
   B. It includes unnatural light.
   C. It is more harmful to young people.
   D. It induces people to fall asleep.

9. A.它可能不仅仅是蓝色。
B.它包括非自然光。
C.它对年轻人更有害。
D.它诱导人入睡。

9.What does the woman say about blue light?
B【精析】细节辨认题。男士询问女士什么是蓝光，女士说蓝光包括自然光，但也包括非自然光，如来自电脑、手机、电视和其他电子设备的光。由此可知， 答案为 B。

2023-06-02-10.—男四第二句—无原词复现

10. A. He has had much trouble falling asleep.
    B. He has had some sort of health problems.
    C. He has stayed up playing computer games.
    D. He has been burdened with excessive work.

10. A.他很难入睡。
B.他有些健康问题。
C.他熬夜玩电脑游戏。
D.他的工作负担过重。

10.Why does the man say he hasn’t slept enough for months?
D【精析】细节辨认题。男士认为睡眠不像人们说的那样重要，他因为工作太多的缘故已经好几个月没有睡好觉了，而且自己感觉良好。由此可知，男士认为自己没有睡好觉的原因是工作太多。因此，答案为D。

2023-06-02-11.—女四第一句—原词复现三个“more important than”

11. A. Exposure to blue light is the chief cause of obesity.
    B. Sleep may be more important than people assumed.
    C. Sleep may also be negatively affected by natural light.
    D. Overuse of electronic devices may cause heart disease.

A.暴露在蓝光下是肥胖的主要原因。
B.睡眠可能比人们想象的更重要。
C.自然光线也会对睡眠产生负面影响。
D.过度使用电子设备可能导致心脏病。

11.What has the woman learned from the research she has read?
B【精析】细节辨认题。对话中女士表示她看到的研究表明，睡眠可能比我们想象的更重要，睡眠不足会导致严重的健康问题，如肥胖和心脏病。因此，答案为B。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

W一：As a kid,did you know what job you wanted to do when you grew up?
M一：No,I didn’t.(12-1)And I got sick every time adults asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up.

W二：(12-2) It’s the same with me.And I’m tired of people asking that question of my 10-year-old daughter.(13)My daughter’s stock answers are basketball player,pop singer,mechanical engineer.Adults love that last one, as it’s the perfect mix of the sensible and the ambitious. When she was much younger,my daughter used to say she wanted to be Queen of the Clouds,which I loved.(14)That’s the kind of goal-setting I like to see in children,springing from their boundless imaginations.
M二：Yes,we grown-ups can be tedious and limiting in our need for reality.And we teach a very gloomy image of adulthood—that whatever our children’s future holds,it must be seen within the context of a job.

W三：How utterly overwhelming and dull!
M三：When people ask my son what he wants to be when he grows up,I have to swallow the urge to say,“Hey, back off my kid’s dreams!"

W四：We can’t dismiss the idea that teenagers have to plan to do something after they finish school,and parents are entitled to hope it’s more than simply spending 10 hours a day playing computer games.
M四：But asking“What do you want to be?”isn’t going to lead a child to a fulfilled life rather lead to false expectations and a high chance of disappointment.

W五：Exactly.(15)We should be helping our kids understand who they are,even if that means letting go of who we think they should be.

2023-06-02-12.—男一第二句—原词复现六个“wanted to be when grown up”

12. A. What they wanted to be when grown up.
    B. What their favorite cartoon character was.
    C. What they learned from computer games.
    D. What they liked to do most after school.

12. A.他们长大后想做什么。
B.他们最喜欢的卡通人物是什么。
C.他们从电脑游戏中学到了什么。
D.他们放学后最喜欢做什么。

12.What question were both speakers fed up with when they were kids?
A【精析】细节辨认题。对话开头，女士询问男士小时候是否知道自己长大后想做什么工作。男士回答不知道，同时抱怨每当成年人问他长大后想干什么的时候，他都会很讨厌。女士对此深表赞同。由此可知，对话双方都讨厌别人问他们长大后想干什么的问题。因此，答案为 A。题干中的 fed up 意为“厌烦的，不满的”。

2023-06-02-13.—女二第三句—原词复现两个“mechanical engineer”

13. A. A stock broker.
    B. A pop singer.
    C. A mechanical engineer.
    D. A basketball player.

13. A.股票经纪人。
B.流行歌手。
C.机械工程师。
D.篮球运动员。

13.What occupation do adults see as both sensible and ambitious according to the woman?
C【精析】细节辨认题。女士说，每当别人问她女儿想做什么的时候，她女儿的答案通常是篮球运动员、流行歌手、机械工程师等。成年人喜欢机械工程师这个答案，因为成为一名机械师不仅明智，而 且听起来雄心勃勃。因此，答案为C。

2023-06-02-14.—女二第五句—原词复现全部但就一个

14. A. Ambitious.
    B. Sensible.
    C. Imaginative.
    D. Practical.

14. A.雄心勃勃。
B.明智的。
C.富有想象力的。
D.实用。

14.What kind of goal-setting does the woman like to see in children?
C【 精析】细节辨认题。女士提到她女儿小的时候想成为云之女王，女士表示这是她喜欢在孩子们身上看到的那种目标设定，因为这源于孩子们无限的想象力。因此，答案为C。

2023-06-02-15.—女五第二句—原词复现三个“help … kids understand”

15. A. Relax their strict control of their kids.
    B. Help their kids understand themselves.
    C. Impose their own dreams on their kids.
    D. Dismiss their high expectations of their kids.

15. A.放松对孩子的严格控制。
B.帮助孩子了解自己。
C.把自己的梦想强加给孩子。
D.忽略他们对孩子的高期望。

15.What does the woman suggest adults should do?
B【精析】细节推断题。对话末尾，女士建议，我们应该帮助我们的孩子了解他们是谁，即使这意味着放弃我们认为他们应该是谁。因此，答案为B。

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  Greater Internet access correlates directly with improved health care,education and economic development.People living in rural areas,however,lag behind in online use,which limits their access to government services,banking and job opportunities.
Nowhere is this challenge clearer than in Africa.Most Africans live in rural areas that are tough to wire for Internet access.
  (16) Now,some phone companies are trying to introduce Internet-ready phones into African markets. Certain companies have started selling simple smartphones for only $20.Previously,the lowest price had been around $40,well out of reach for many people.
  These devices are powered by software from the giant electronics company,KaiOS Technologies Limited. Most companies are trying to make phones ever more powerful and capable.But KaiOS went the other way (17) It made every effort to keep the essential capabilities of smartphones,but strip out costs and preserve battery life for people who likely have inadequate access to electricity.
  The KaiOS devices offer an alternative to the more expensive models that remain out of reach of many Africans and contribute to the digital divide.(18)The body of KaiOS phones is as basic as it gets.Instead of a touchscreen,they’re controlled with an old-school keypad. They’re designed for 3G networks because 4G coverage doesn’t reach two thirds of Africa’s customers.In total,KaiOS phones are made from about $15 worth of parts,while Apple’s top-of-the-line iPhone has $390 worth of stuff.

2023-06-02-16.—中间—原词复现三个“Internet-ready phones”

16. A. Set up company branches.
    B. Improve its infrastructure.
    C. Introduce iPhones into its markets.
    D. Promote Internet-ready phones.

16. A.设立公司分支机构。
B.完善基础设施。
C.向市场推出iphone。
D.推广可上网的手机。

16.What are a number of phone companies trying to do in Africa?
D【精析】细节辨认题。短文中指出，现在一些电话公司正试图将互联网手机引入非洲市场，他们甚至提供低至20美元的智能手机。由此可知，一些电话公司正试图在非洲推广互联网手机，故答案 为D。

2023-06-02-17.—中间—无原词复现

17. A. They cater to Africans’ needs.
    B. They are more expensive models.
    C. They are more powerful and capable.
    D. They boast the longest battery life.

17.A.它们迎合了非洲人的需求。
B.它们是更贵的型号。
C.他们更强大，更有能力。
D.它们拥有最长的电池寿命。

17.How do KaiOS smartphones differ from smartphones of most other companies?
A【精析】细节推断题。短文中提到，大多数公司都在努力让手机变得更强大、功能更强，但KaiOS 却反其道而行。它只是保留了智能手机的基本功能，为那些可能无法获得足够电力的人节省成本并延长电池寿命，这迎合了非洲人对手机的需求。 因此，答案为A。
注意，选项D 中的 boast，意为 “自豪地拥有”。

2023-06-02-18.—结尾第三句—原词复现全部

18. A. A large touchscreen.
    B. An old-school keypad.
    C. A voice-response device.
    D. A digitally-designed system.

18. A.大触摸屏。
B.老式键盘。
C.语音应答装置。
D.数字化设计的系统。

18.What are KaiOS smartphones equipped with?
B【精析】细节辨认题。短文末尾提到，这些 KaiOS 手机的机身是最基本的，不是用触摸屏操作，而是 用老式的键盘进行控制。因此，答案为B。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  (19) For years,using recycled plastic to make plastic products was cheap.By contrast,fossil fuel plastic was more expensive. Thus this sustainable option was an economic option too.
  But now it is cheaper for major manufacturers to use new plastic.
  According to one recent business report,recycled plastic now costs an extra $72 a tonne compared with newly-made plastic.This may be because of consumer demands.They are pushing for more recycled plastics in new products.(20)Meanwhile,new plastic is becoming cheaper.This is because of a boom in petroleum chemical production from the U.S..The price increase of recycled plastic could cost sustainable manufacturers an extra $250 million a year.
  Smaller manufacturers may also be forced to use new plastic to reduce costs.Makers of clear plastic bottles may also opt for new fossil-fuel based plastic to save money.
  Plastic packaging makers are being pressured to use more recycled plastic.This is done in hopes of reducing the enormous amount of plastic pollution in the oceans.
  (21) The UK government plans to tax companies which don’t use at least 30%recycled plastic in their products.Additionally,the government is planning to increase the quantity of recycled plastic in the market.
  This could mean incentives for new recycling plants.Additionally,recycling facilities may be improved at a local council level and recycled plastic could be imported.
  This would help increase the amount of recycled plastic in circulation.

2023-06-02-19.—开头第一句—原词复现五个“was cheaper … fossil fuel plastic”

19. A. It ensured sustainable economic growth.
    B. It was strongly opposed by manufacturers.
    C. It was cheaper than using fossil fuel plastic.
    D. It satisfied consumer demands on the whole.

19. A.它确保了经济的可持续增长。
B.它遭到了制造商的强烈反对。
C.它比使用化石燃料塑料便宜。
D.总体上满足了消费者的需求。

19.What is said about using recycled plastic to make plastic products in the past?
C【精析】细节辨认题。短文开头提到，多年来，使用再生塑料生产塑料制品一直很便宜。相比之下， 化石燃料塑料则更贵。因此，答案为C。

2023-06-02-20.—中间—原词复现大部分，但顺序调换

20. A. The capacity to mass produce it.
    B. The US federal government’s regulations.
    C. A boom in market demand for clear plastic bottles.
    D. A rapid increase in US petroleum chemical production.

20.A.大规模生产的能力。
B.美国联邦政府的规定。
C.透明塑料瓶的市场需求激增。
D.美国石油化学产品的快速增长。

20.What has led to more competitive price for new plastic?
D【精析】细节辨认题。短文中提到，新型塑料却越来越便宜，这是主要得益于美国石油化工生产的繁荣。因此，答案为D。文中并未提到“大规模生产的能力”，故排除A。

2023-06-02-21.—结尾第四句—原词复现三个“of recycled plastic”

21. A. Require companies to use 30% of new plastic.
    B. Increase the supply of new plastic in the market.
    C. Reduce the amount of plastic pollution in local areas.
    D. Take measures to promote the use of recycled plastic.

21. A.要求公司使用30%的新塑料。
B.增加市场上新塑料的供应。
C.减少当地的塑料污染。
D.采取措施促进再生塑料的使用。

21.What does the UK government plan to do about plastic?
D【精析】细节推断题。短文末尾提到，英国政府计划对产品中使用再生塑料低于30%的公司征税， 此外，政府正计划增加市场上再生塑料的供给。 由此可知，英国政府想方设法让企业使用再生塑料。因此，答案为D。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  (22) At the Dreamery,a business in Manhattan,naps are for sale.A 45-minute session in a darkened enclosure with peace and quiet costs $25.To be clear,this institution is no hotel.This is a nap joint.It sells the idea of the nap as much as the nap itself.
  (23) Is a nap worth $25?The answer is obviously yes.Here,at this point in the argument,it’s traditional for me to bring up all the studies that show the benefits of napping.But do you really need experts to tell you that?Just look at the world around you at 2:30 in the afternoon.
  I’ve been working from home for more than 10 years now.(24)And the quality and quantity of work I can do emerges directly from my ability to concentrate.I don’t understand how people have creative careers without napping.Every day at about 1 p.m.,everyone faces the same choice:sleep until 2 p.m.and then work until5, or daydream and drift around social media and attend pointless meetings until 7 p.m.
  (25) The friends I have who still work in offices inform me their bosses insist that they take the second option,and that napping is associated with laziness.I genuinely find it odd.For if you nap properly,it’s like waking up from a full night’s sleep and you can double your day’s worth of concentration.

2023-06-02-22.—开头第一句—原词复现两个“for nap”，但顺序调换

22. A. It studies dreams.
    B. It rents a place for nap-takers.
    C. It is a hotel for business people.
    D. It is a nap research institute.

22. A.它研究梦。
B.它为午睡者租了一个地方。
C.这是商务人士下榻的酒店。
D.这是一个午睡研究机构。

22.What do we learn about the Dreamery,a business in Manhattan?
B【精析】细节辨认题。短文开头提到，在曼哈顿的 Dreamery 商店，小憩是可以出售的。在一个黑暗的空间里，安静地休息45分钟，费用是25美元。 需要明确的是，这里并不是酒店。这是一个休憩驿站。因此，答案为B。

2023-06-02-23.—中间—原词复现两个“of napping”

23. A. To find out creative people’s work performance.
    B. To see how many people can go without napping.
    C. To understand the obvious importance of napping.
    D. To feel how difficult it is to get his idea across.

23. A.了解创意人员的工作表现。
B.看看有多少人可以不午睡。
C.理解午睡的明显重要性。
D.感受要把他的想法传达出去是多么困难。

23.Why does the speaker ask us to look at the world around us at 2:30 in the afternoon?
C【精析】细节推断题。短文中提出问题：打个盹值 25美元吗?讲话者给出肯定的回答。讲话者指出，传统的做法是拿出所有的研究，证实小憩的好处，但他同时认为没有必要这么做，因为只要在下午2:30看看你周围的情况，你就会知道答案。由此可知，在讲话者看来，如果没有中午的小憩，人 们2:30后就会无法集中精力工作，这说明中午小憩的重要性。因此，答案为C。

2023-06-02-24.—中间—原词复现三个“ability to concentrate”

24. A. They decline due to pointless meetings.
    B. They depend on his ability to concentrate.
    C. They enable him to enjoy a creative career.
    D. They are affected by the overuse of social media.

24. A.他们因为无意义的会议而拒绝。
B.他们依赖于他集中注意力的能力。
C.它们使他能够享受创造性的职业生涯。
D.他们受到过度使用社交媒体的影响。

24.What do we learn about the quantity and quality of the speaker’s work?
B 【精析】细节辨认题。短文中提到，讲话者能做的工作的质量和数量直接取决于他能否集中精力。 因此，答案为B。

2023-06-02-25.—结尾第二句—原词复现三个“associate … with laziness”

25. A. Some bosses associate napping with laziness.
    B. Many office workers nap during work hours.
    C. Some bosses can concentrate without napping.
    D. Many of his friends daydream in the office.

25. A.有些老板把打盹和懒惰联系在一起。
B.许多上班族在工作时间打盹。
C.有些老板不打盹也能集中精力。
D.他的许多朋友在办公室做白日梦。

25.What does the speaker say he finds odd?
A【 精析】细节推断题。短文最后提到，朋友告诉他有些老板认为打盹就是懒惰，讲话者认为这很奇怪。因此，答案为A。

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
  Whether you’re just having a down day or a down period, taking a walk can instantly lift your mood, especially when you go outdoors. Not only can walking make you less depressed, but according to a new study, depression sufferers who took a 26 walk showed just as much improvement in their 27 as people taking medicine. In fact, 60-70 percent of the participants in the study could no longer even be 28 as depressed.
  Bone density may not be one of the most exciting health benefits of walking, but it’s an important one. People with stronger bones avoid osteoporosis (骨质疏松症) and all the problems that 29 with it, like breaks and other disabilities. And the best way to get strong, healthy bones is by doing weight-bearing exercises like running, dancing and walking, according to a large study. But as regards bones, it’s 30 use it or lose it: To keep your bones strong you have to keep exercising. The researchers found that adults who walked regularly had better bone density throughout their lives than their 31 friends.
  Taking a walk can be great for 32 your head or blowing off some steam. It also provides a great opportunity to 33 with friends and family, far away from electronics and other 34 at home. Even better, you set a powerful example because when they see you 35 the benefits of walking, they’ll be encouraged to walk more, too.

A. accompany
B. approved
C. bond
D. classified
E. clearing
F. come
G. daily
H. definitely
I. distractions
J. exclusively
K. inactive
L. occurrences
M. reaping
N. symptoms
O. typical

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

A Club Where Lions Dance and Traditions Take Root

A. The first thing you notice in the staircase to the fourth-floor studio on Canal Street in Manhattan, New York, is the measured thumping (嘭嘭声) coming from behind a metal door. Just beyond the entrance, large lion masks were twisting and turning to the drum-beat. On a recent Friday evening, the teenagers made their way across the studio floor as they practiced Chinese lion dancing.

B. “You want to play in a circle” Victor Fong, aged 24, told his students at the New York Chinese Freemasons Athletic Club. “Take it slow and do it again.” The dance group, made up of 60 members, performs throughout the year but was now preparing for its biggest events Chinese Lunar New Year celebrations, which will begin on Saturday and conclude on February 15. Teenagers comprise about half of the group, many of whom began lion dancing at the age of 14. About 100 current and past members of the dance group — which has been performing since 1956 — will be among the 220 groups marching through Chinatown in Manhattan for the 18th Lunar New Year Parade on February 5.

C. Mr. Fong has been involved in the organization since he was 15 and began teaching lion dancing three years ago. But the club also acts as a recreation center and safe haven( 庇护所) for teenagers, with video games readily available. As many as 20 students show up after school. “The basic requirement for hanging out here is you have to learn how to lion dance,” Mr. Fong said. While that is not a formal requirement for being a member, everyone finds a way to participate in the Lunar New Year Parade, whether it’s by dancing, carrying a flag or beating a drum.

D. Alvin Chau, aged 26, is an environmental consultant by day and a lion dancer on weekends.He has been a club member for 10 years and joined because of an interest in lion dance. “We’re a big family,” he said, shaking hands with other members as they walked through the door. “You know everyone.”

E. It is believed that the lion dance began in the third century. Stories vary about how lion dancing came to be, but most of them include a monster named Nian who would terrorize a village. The villagers finally banded together and scared the beast away with firecrackers (爆竹) and drums. While lions are not native to China, some versions of the story include the villagers creating a monster of their own in the shape of a lion to fight off the beast.

F. Today, the dancers travel across Chinatown going from business to business to bring good luck for the coming year. The new year — according to the Chinese lunar calendar — will begin on Saturday and marks the Year of the Rooster (鸡年), which is thought to be a symbol of positivity. “It’s almost like the dark night is ending and the sun is coming up,” said Ya Yung Teng, the digital collections coordinator for the Museum of Chinese in America. “It’s hopeful that we’re going to have a new day.” Roosters and chickens are not particularly strong creatures, Ms. Teng said, but they are numerous. “In a way,” she said, the rooster “stands for ‘We the People. ’ ”

G. The lion head and tail are operated by two people. As one person controls the head, a second follows under a train of fabric representing the body. The dancers move in harmony as they imitate the animal’s natural movements in the wild, including the aggressiveness of an attack. A lion head figure weighs under 10 pounds and sits squarely on the dancer’s shoulders. Inside, the dancer manipulates strings that open and close the lion’s eyes, shake its ears and open its mouth to reveal a fire-orange tongue.

H. “A good lion dancer will imitate a living creature,” said Karlin Chan, aged 59, who heads the athletic club’s community public relations. “I started lion dancing when I was a kid,” he said. “Chinatown was much smaller then and it was a celebration with fireworks and firecrackers, which added a lot of flavor and meaning to it.”

I. Mr. Chan buys a new lion head each year when he travels to China. A head costs about $1,500.“If you want the good stuff, the quality, you have to see it for yourself,” he said. “I’ll inspect the product before we put it in the container and ship it over.” Mr. Chan, who has been involved with the club for nearly 50 years, said that passing the dance from one generation to the next was vital. “You need to pass on the traditions and the culture, and this is a part of our culture,” he said. “It’s a great way to promote cultural understanding and exchange; we welcome that.”

J. For Sara Pore, aged 17, another club member, lion dance is more than just tradition; it provides a creative outlet. “Lion dancing started 2,000 years ago — that’s incredible,” she said. “But what makes you a competent lion dancer is that there’s a sense of imagination involved. Lion dancing teaches competence in leadership because of this. You’re constantly forced to push yourself past your limit.”

K. Back at rehearsal (排练), Justin Le, aged 18, tied a red ribbon around his waist to practice jumping. The dancers use the ribbons to pull themselves up over their partners’ heads. The room’s ceilings are too low to wear the lion heads for jumping practice, so once up on his partner’s head, Mr. Le held out his arms as if in offering.

L. Mr. Le comes by the dance as a legacy (传承). “I was born into it,” Mr. Le said, noting that his uncle and father were club members. “Growing up, I would always watch my family and see the lion dance, and I slowly grew interested in it.” By the age of 14, he was fully enrolled in the athletic club’s lion dance group. “I value my culture and tradition, being Chinese or Asian-American. I have a lot of pride in that,” he said. “I want to contribute and give back to the community.”

36. The lion dancers perform from door to door to bring New Year wishes to business people.
37. The New York dance club also serves as a place for entertainment where youngsters can enjoy themselves safely.
38. Lion dancers need to have a little imagination to perform well.
39. There are a number of different versions about the origin of the lion dance.
40. Some 50% of the members of a New York lion dance club are teenagers.
41. One club member says he feels proud of his cultural tradition.
42. Two dancers coordinate their movements, one manipulating the lion’s head and the other its body.
43. One lion dancer compares their New York dance club to a family.
44. Lion dance should be handed down to future generations as part of Chinese culture.
45. One lion dancer learned how to perform from his elders.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Team-building exercises have become popular for managers trying to increase organisational and team harmony and productivity. Unfortunately many employees resent compulsory bonding and often regard these exercises as a nuisance.
  A paper published this week by University of Sydney researchers in Social Networks has reported participants’ feelings about team-building interventions (干预), revealing ethical implications in forcing employees to take part.
  “Many people see team building activities as a waste of time, so we decided to look in more depth at what’s behind this,” said the paper’s lead researcher, Dr Peter Matous.
  “Teams are formed, combined and restructured. Staff are relocated and office spaces redesigned. All this is done with the aim of improving workplace efficiency, collaboration and cohesion. But does any of this work?” said Dr Matous .
  The study found that team-building exercises which focused on the sharing of and intervening into personal attitudes and relationships between team members were considered too heavy-handed and intrusive, although the researchers say some degree of openness and vulnerability is often necessary to make deep, effective connections with colleagues.
  “Some participants were against team-building exercises because they were implicitly compulsory. They didn’t welcome management’s interest in their lives beyond their direct work performance,” said Matous. “Many people don’t want to be forced into having fun or making friends, especially not on top of their busy jobs. They feel management is being too nosy or trying to control their lives too much.”
  In this study the researchers recommended a self-disclosure (表露) approach where participants were guided through a series of questions that allowed them to increasingly disclose personal information and values. The method is well-tested and has been shown to increase interpersonal closeness. However, to be successful it must be voluntary.
  The researchers said there are numerous schools of thought that propose differing psychological methods for strengthening relationships. “With caution, many relational methods to improve teams and organisations can be borrowed from other fields. The question is how to apply them effectively to strengthen an entire collective, which is more than just the sum of individual relationships,” said Dr Matous.

  团建活动对于试图提高组织性、团队和谐以及生产力的管理者来说已经变得很流行。(46)不幸的是，许多员工对于这种强制性的感情联络感到反感，且经常将其视为令人讨厌的事情。
  本周，悉尼大学的研究人员在《社交网络》上发表了一篇论文，报告了参与者对团队建设干预的感受， 揭示了强迫员工参与团建活动的道德问题。
  这篇论文的主要研究者彼得 · 马图斯博士说：“很多人认为团建活动是浪费时间，所以我们决定更加 深入地研究这背后的原因。”
  (47) 马图斯博士说：“形成、结合、重组团队，重新安置员工以及重新设计办公室。所有的这些都是为 了提高工作效率，提升合作及团队凝聚力。但是这些有用吗?”
  (48)研究发现，专注于分享和干预团队成员之间的个人态度和关系的团建活动被认为是拙劣且有侵犯性的，尽管研究人员表明一定程度上的开放性及脆弱性对于和同事发展深入的、有效的关系是有必要的 。
  马图斯博士说：“一些参与者反对团建活动，因为它们实际上是强制性的。他们并不欢迎管理者们对 他们的生活感兴趣，除了直接的工作绩效。很多人不想被强制获得乐趣或是结交朋友，尤其是不想在繁忙 的工作之余做这些。他们认为管理者们太爱管闲事并试图过多地控制他们的生活。”
  在这项研究中，研究者们推荐了一种自我表露方法，参与者们被引导回答一系列问题，这些问题让他 们逐渐地透露自己的个人信息和价值观。这种方法经过了充分的测试且已被证明可以提升人际关系的亲密度。(49)然而，想要成功，这必须是自愿的。
  研究者们说，有众多的流派提出不同的心理学方法来加强人际关系。(50)马图斯博士说：“在谨慎的情况下，很多相关的优化团队及组织的方法可以借鉴其他领域。问题是，如何有效地运用它们来加强整个集体，而不仅仅是个体关系的总和。”

2023-06-02-46.—细节辨认题—难—关键单词不认识nuisance/ˈnjuːsns/n. 麻烦事，讨厌的人（或事物、情况）；损害，妨害；骚扰行为，妨害行为。—同义替换，nuisance替换为annoying

46. Why are many employees opposed to team-building exercises?【原文：Unfortunately many employees resent compulsory bonding and often regard these exercises as a nuisance.】
    A. They consider such exercises annoying.
    B. They deem these exercises counter-productive.
    C. They see such exercises as harmful to harmony.
    D. They find these exercises too demanding.

46. 为什么许多员工反对团队建设活动？
A.他们认为这种练习很烦人。
B.他们认为这些演习适得其反。
C.他们认为这种运动对和谐有害。
D.他们觉得这些练习要求太高。

46.【定位】由题干中的 employees 和 opposed to team-building exercises定位到第一段第二句。

A【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，不幸的是，许多员工对于这种强制性的感情联络感到反感，且经常将其视为令人讨厌的事情，故答案为A。

【避错】B. “他们认为这些活动会适得其反”、C. “他们认为这些活动有碍于和谐”和D. “他们发现这些活动费时费力”在文中均未提及，故排除。

2023-06-02-47.—细节辨认题—难—“office spaces redesigned重新设计办公室”替换为“rearranged the staff and office spaces”

47. What did Dr Matous and his team do to find out whether team-building activities would improve productivity?【原文：“Teams are formed, combined and restructured. Staff are relocated and office spaces redesigned. All this is done with the aim of improving workplace efficiency, collaboration and cohesion. But does any of this work?” said Dr Matous .】
    A. They relocated team leaders and their offices.
    B. They rearranged the staff and office spaces.【rearrange v. 重新排列，重新整理；重新安排】
    C. They redesigned the staff’s work schedules.
    D. They reintroduced some cohesive activities.

47. 马图斯博士和他的团队做了什么来发现团队建设活动是否会提高生产力？
A.他们搬迁了团队领导和办公室。
B.他们重新安排了员工和办公空间。
C.他们重新设计了员工的工作时间表。
D.他们重新引入了一些有凝聚力的活动。

47.【定位】由题干中的Dr Matous and his team 和 improve productivity定位到第四段第一至三句。

B【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，形成、结合、重组团队，重新安置员工以及重新设计办公室。所有的这些都是为了提高工作效率，提升合作及团队凝聚力，故答案为B。

【避错】A. “他们重新安置了团队领导和他们的办公地点”、C. “他们重新设计了员工的时间表”和 D.“他们再次引入了一些凝聚性活动”在文中均未提及，故排除。

2023-06-02-48.—细节辨认题—难—选项A太多原词复现，大概率是错的；—同义替换“intrusive侵犯性的”替换为“intrusion侵犯”

48. What did the study by Matous’ team find about some team-building exercises?【原文：The study found that team-building exercises which focused on the sharing of and intervening into personal attitudes and relationships between team members were considered too heavy-handed and intrusive,although the researchers say some degree of openness and vulnerability is often necessary to make deep,effective connections with colleagues.】
    A. They were intended to share personal attitudes and relationships.
    B. They implicitly added to the vulnerability of team members.
    C. They invariably strengthened connections among colleagues.
    D. They were regarded as an intrusion into employees’ private lives.

48. Matous团队的研究发现了什么关于团队建设的练习？
A.它们的目的是分享个人态度和人际关系。
B.他们暗中增加了团队成员的脆弱性。
C.他们总是加强同事之间的联系。
D.它们被认为是对员工私生活的侵犯。

48.【定位】由题干中的Matous’ team和 some team-building exercises定位到第五段。

D【精析】细节辨认题。定位段表明，研究发现，专注于分享和干预团队成员之间的个人态度和关系的团建活动被认为是拙劣且有侵犯性的，尽管研究人员表明一定程度上的开放性及脆弱性对于和同事发展深入的、有效的关系是有必要的，故答案为 D。

【避错】第五段中提到，专注于分享和干预团队成员之间的个人态度和关系的团建活动被认为是拙劣且有侵犯性的，这不能说明团建活动就是为了分享个人态度和关系，故排除A。

B. “它们会隐性地增加团队成员的脆弱性”和C.“它们一直能够强化同事之间的关系”在文中并未提及，故排除。

2023-06-02-49.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换，“voluntary自愿的”替换为“volunteer to participate自愿参与的”

49. How can the self-disclosure approach succeed in increasing interpersonal closeness?【原文：The method is well-tested and has been shown to increase interpersonal closeness. However, to be successful it must be voluntary.】
    A. By allowing participants freedom to express themselves.
    B. By applying it to employees who volunteer to participate.
    C. By arranging in proper order the questions participants face.
    D. By guiding employees through a series of steps in team building.

49. 自我表露的方法如何能够成功地增加人际关系的亲密度？
A.允许参与者自由表达自己。
B.通过将其应用于自愿参与的员工。
C.按适当的顺序安排参与者面临的问题。
D.通过指导员工完成团队建设的一系列步骤。

49.【定位】由题干中的 the self-disclosure approach 和 interpersonal closeness 定位到第七段最后一句。
B【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，然而，想要成功，这必须是自愿的，故答案为B。

【避错】A. “通过让参与者们自由地表达自我”和 C. “通过按适当的顺序安排参与者要面对的问题” 在第七段中有所提及，但并非此方法成功的关键，故排除。

D. “通过引导员工完成团队建设的一系列步骤”在文中并未提及，故排除。

2023-06-02-50.—细节辨认题—难—“caution…improve…在谨慎的…下，提高…”替换为“cautiously to be effective谨慎使用才能有效”

50. What does Matous think of the various psychological methods borrowed from other fields for strengthening relationships?【原文： “With caution, many relational methods to improve teams and organisations can be borrowed from other fields. The question is how to apply them effectively to strengthen an entire collective, which is more than just the sum of individual relationships,” said Dr Matous.】
    A. They must be used in combination for an entire collective.
    B. They prioritise some psychological aspects over others.
    C. They place too much stress on individual relationships.
    D. They have to be applied cautiously to be effective.

50. Matous如何看待从其他领域借来的各种心理学方法来加强人际关系？
A.它们必须结合起来用于整个集体。
B.他们优先考虑某些心理方面。
C.他们过分强调个人关系。
D.必须谨慎使用才能有效。

50.【定位】由题干中的 the various psychological methods 和 other fields定位到最后一段第二句。

D【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出马图斯博士的观点：在谨慎的情况下，很多相关的优化团队及组织的方法可以借鉴其他领域，故答案为D。

【避错】文中提及了如何有效地运用这些心理方法来加强整个集体，但并不是说必须把这些方法结合起来用于整个集体，故排除 A 。
B. “它们优先考虑一些心理方面的因素”
和
C. “它们过于强调个人之间的关系”在文中并未提及，故排除。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  There are close to 58,000 homeless people in Los Angeles county. That’s a shocking and tragic number for a region that’s home to some of the richest people in the world. At last, the problem became so acute — and so visible — that Los Angeles took extraordinary action. The citizens of this county voted in November 2016 and again in March 2017 to raise their own taxes.The purpose of such action is to fund an enormous multibillion-dollar 10-year program of housing and social services for the homeless.
  As a result, Los Angeles now has its best chance in decades to combat homelessness. This is an opportunity that surely all can agree must not be wasted. It is neither desirable nor morally acceptable nor practical for this county to tolerate the signs of deprivation more commonly associated with the slums (贫民窟) of Rio de Janiero.
  How did we get here? For as long as there are homeless people, there is a tendency to blame the victims themselves for their condition — to see their failure to thrive as an issue of character, of moral weakness, of laziness. But contrary to popular belief, the homeless in Los Angeles are not mostly mentally ill or drug addicted or frightening, although a sizable minority meet some of those descriptions. Today, a greater and greater proportion of people living on the streets are there because of bad luck or a series of mistakes, or because the economy forgot them — they lost a job or were evicted (逐出) or fled an abusive marriage just as the housing market was growing increasingly unforgiving.
  The challenges are enormous, even if everyone is pulling in the same direction.That reality was driven home this month by a new Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority report showing that the county’s homeless population is growing faster than the supply of new housing.
  In the world’s richest nation, homelessness on this scale should be shameful and shocking. But most Los Angeles residents are no longer either shocked or shamed. Increasingly, we are uncomfortable, annoyed, disgusted, scared or unaware. Compassion (同情心) is being replaced by resignation.

  在洛杉矶县有将近58,000名无家可归者。对于一个居住着一些世界上最富有的人的地区而言，这是 一个令人震惊且可悲的数字。最终，问题变得如此严重且显而易见，以至于洛杉矶采取了非同寻常的行动。当地居民分别于2016年11月和2017年3月投票决定提高他们自己的税收。(51)此举的目的是为一项耗资数十亿美元、为期10年的项目提供资金，该项目为无家可归者提供住房和社会服务。
  因此，洛杉矶现在有了几十年以来解决无家可归者问题的最好机会。这是一个所有人都认为不能错 失的机会。对于洛杉矶来说，容忍与里约热内卢贫民窟联系在一起的贫困现象既不可取，也不合乎道德， 更不现实。
  我们是如何走到这一步的?(52)因为只要有无家可归者存在，人们就倾向于把他们的处境归咎于受害人自己——把他们的失败归于性格问题、道德缺失，或是懒惰。但与这些普遍观点相反的是，洛杉矶的无家可归者大多不是精神疾病患者，没有吸毒成瘾或令人感到害怕，尽管也有相当一小部分人符合这些描述。(53)如今，越来越多的人流落街头是因为他们运气不佳或是犯过一系列的错误，又或者是因为经济遗忘了他们——他们失去工作，或者被驱逐，又或者从一段不幸的婚姻中逃离，却又正赶上住房市场越来越无情。
  即使每个人都在朝着同一个方向努力，挑战仍然巨大。(54)但是现实让人深有感触，洛杉矶无家可归者服务局本月发布的一份新报告显示，该县无家可归者人口的增长速度超过新住房的提供速度。
  (55)在世界上最富有的国家中，这种规模的无家可归现象是可耻且令人震惊的。但大多数洛杉矶的居民们不再感到震惊或羞耻。我们越来越不适、恼怒、厌烦、害怕或者毫无察觉。同情心正在被逆来顺受 取代。

2023-06-02-51.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—“homeless无家可归”替换为“homelessness无家可归问题”

51. Why did the citizens of Los Angeles vote to raise their own taxes?【原文：The citizens of this county voted in November 2016 and again in March 2017 to raise their own taxes.The purpose of such action is to fund an enormous multibillion-dollar 10-year program of housing and social services for the homeless.】
    A. To combat the county’s homelessness.
    B. To reform the county’s service system.
    C. To fund the development of local infrastructure.
    D. To narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.

51. 为什么洛杉矶市民投票赞成提高他们自己的税收？
A.为了解决这个国家的无家可归问题。
B.改革县域服务体制。
C.资助地方基础设施的发展。
D.缩小贫富差距。

51.【定位】由题干中的the citizens of Los Angeles和 vote to raise their own taxes定位到首段最后一句。

A【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，此举的目的是为一项耗资数十亿美元、为期10年的项目提供资金，该项目为无家可归者提供住房和社会服务。由此可知，洛杉矶市民投票提高税收是为了解决城市中的无家可归问题，故答案为A。

【避错】“改革该县的服务系统”、“资助地方基础设施的发展”和“缩小贫富差距”在文中均未提及，故排除B、C和 D。

2023-06-02-52.—细节辨认题—题文同序原则—同义替换—“blame the victims themselves for their condition”替换为“are responsible for their own condition”

52. What do people tend to believe about the homeless?【原文：For as long as there are homeless people, there is a tendency to blame the victims themselves for their condition — to see their failure to thrive as an issue of character, of moral weakness, of laziness.】
    A. They seldom meet the descriptions of homelessness.
    B. They are the victims of fast economic development.
    C. They are responsible for their own condition.
    D. They account for the majority of drug addicts.

52. 人们对无家可归者的看法是什么？
A.他们很少符合无家可归者的描述。
B.他们是经济快速发展的受害者。
C.他们对自己的状况负责。
D.他们占吸毒成瘾者的大多数。

52.【定位】由题干中的the homeless和题文同序原则定位到第三段第二句。
C【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，人们就倾向于把他们的处境归咎于受害人自己——把他们的失败归于性格问题、道德缺失，或是懒惰。由此可知，人们认为无家可归者需要为自己的处境负责，故答案为C。

【避错】第三段第三句指出，洛杉矶的无家可归者中，有相当一小部分人符合这种关于无家可归者的负面描述，故排除 A。 文中并未提及无家可归者是经济快速发展的受害者，故排除B。 第三段中提到，无家可归者大部分没有吸毒成瘾，故排除D。

2023-06-02-53.—细节辨认题—难—housing market was growing increasingly unforgiving推出it increasingly difficult to afford a place to live

53. What is one of the causes for more and more people in Los Angeles to become homeless?【原文：But contrary to popular belief, the homeless in Los Angeles are not mostly mentally ill or drug addicted or frightening, although a sizable minority meet some of those descriptions. Today, a greater and greater proportion of people living on the streets are there because of bad luck or a series of mistakes, or because the economy forgot them — they lost a job or were evicted (逐出) or fled an abusive marriage just as the housing market was growing increasingly unforgiving.】
    A. They find it increasingly difficult to afford a place to live.
    B. The divorce rate in the county has been on a steady rise.
    C. They have been compelled to take low-paying jobs.
    D. The society fails to forgive them for their mistakes.

53. 洛杉矶越来越多的人无家可归的原因之一是什么？
A.他们发现越来越难以负担住的地方。
B.这个县的离婚率一直在稳步上升。
C.他们被迫从事低薪工作。
D.社会不能原谅他们的错误。

53.【定位】由题干中的causes和 become homeless定 位到第三段末句。
A【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，越来越多的人流落街头是因为他们运气不佳或是犯过一系列的错误，又或者是因为经济遗忘了他们——他们失去工作，或者被驱逐，又或者从一段不幸的婚姻中逃离，却又正赶上住房市场越来越无情。最后一句是用拟人的手法说明，房价很高，无家可归者承担不起住所的费用，故答案为A。

【避错】文中并未提及“该县的离婚率稳步提高”、 “他们被迫从事低薪的工作”和“社会不能原谅他们的过错”，故排除B、C 和 D。

2023-06-02-54—细节辨认题—易—“A is growing faster than B”替换为“The increase in B falls short of the demand of the growing A”

54. What do we learn from the new Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority report?【原文：That reality was driven home this month by a new Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority report showing that the county’s homeless population is growing faster than the supply of new housing.】
    A. Supplying enough job opportunities for the homeless remains a challenge.
    B. Everyone is pulling in the same direction to solve the homelessness problem.
    C. The increase in new housing falls short of the demand of the growing homeless population.
    D. Los Angeles’ homeless condition is deteriorating faster than many people predict.

54. 我们从洛杉矶无家可归者服务管理局的新报告中学到了什么？
为无家可归者提供足够的工作机会仍然是一个挑战。
每个人都在朝着同一个方向努力解决无家可归的问题。
C.新住房的增加不能满足不断增长的无家可归人口的需求。
D.洛杉矶无家可归者状况恶化的速度比许多人预测的要快。

54.【定位】由题干中的 the new Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority report 定位到第四段第二句。
C【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，洛杉矶无家可归者服务局本月发布的一份新报告显示，该县无家可归者人口的增长速度超过新住房的提供速度，故答案为C。
【避错】第四段第一句提到，即使每个人都在朝着同一个方向努力，挑战仍然巨大。“即使”两个字说明这是作者的假设，并不是实际情况，故排除B。文中并未提及“为无家可归者提供足够的工作机会是一个挑战”和“洛杉矶无家可归者的现状恶化的速度比很多人预测的要快”，故排除A 和 D。

2023-06-02-55.—细节辨认题—易—“no longer either shocked or shamed”替换“no longer find it shocking”

55. How do most Los Angeles residents now feel about homelessness?【原文：But most Los Angeles residents are no longer either shocked or shamed. Increasingly, we are uncomfortable, annoyed, disgusted, scared or unaware. Compassion (同情心) is being replaced by resignation.】
    A. They are increasingly ashamed about its scale.
    B. They find it no more scaring than it appears.
    C. They are less and less indifferent to it.
    D. They no longer find it shocking.

55. 大多数洛杉矶居民现在对无家可归有什么看法？
A.他们对其规模越来越感到羞愧。
B.他们发现它并不比看起来更可怕。
C.他们对它越来越漠不关心了。
D.他们不再觉得震惊。

55.【定位】由题干中的most Los Angeles residents和 feel about homelessness 定位到最后一段第 一、 二句。
D【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，在世界上最富有的国家中，这种规模的无家可归现象是可耻且令人震惊的，但大多数洛杉矶的居民们不再感到震惊或羞耻，故答案为D。
【避错】定位句提到，大多数洛杉矶的居民们不再感到震惊或羞耻，故排除A 。最后一段的第三句指出，居民们越来越不适、恼怒、厌烦、害怕或者毫无察觉。也就是说，人们越来越害怕和冷漠，故排除B和 C。

Part IV Translation ( 30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
  改革开放 40 多年以来，中国政府对高等教育越来越重视，高等教育已经进入稳步发展阶段。 高校学生总数已接近 4700 万人，位居世界第一。 随着我国经济的快速发展，人民生活水平不断 提高，越来越多的人渴望接受高等教育。我国高校的数量和学科专业持续增加，招生人数逐年上升，教学质量也在不断改进，为更多年轻人创造了接受高等教育的机会。