2021 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）——解析版

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2021年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)

Part I Writing (30minutes)

Directions:Suppose your school is organizing an orientation program to help the freshmen adapt to the new environment and academic studies.You are now to write a proposal,which may include its aim,duration,participants and activities.You will have 30 minutes to write the proposal.You shouldwrite at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report, you will hear two orthree questions.Both the news reportand the questions will bespoken only once.Afier you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (1-1) United Airlines has apologised for mistakenly shipping an American family’s pet dog thousands of miles in the wrong direction to Japan.
  The dog owner’s beloved 10-year-old dog named Buddy took an unexpected 16-hour flight to Tokyo following a mix-up by the airline.
  The dog owner’s family are currently in the process of moving. They were meant to be reunited with the pet in their new home city in Texas.
  But when they arrived at the United Airlines cargo facility in the southern U.S. state, they found a stranger’s dog waiting in Buddy’splace.
  (1-2) Both of the dogs had been sent to the wrong destinations on connecting flights from Denver, with Buddy mistakenly being sent to Japan instead.
  Buddy was given a physical checkup when he arrived at Tokyo’s International Airport. The dog was then sent back to the U.S. on a private charter jet.
  “I’m so glad he’s alive and coming home soon!" said the relieved dog owner.
  (2) “And an error occurred during the connections in Denver. We have notified our customers that their pets arrived safely. We will arrange to return the pets to them as soon as possible," a spokesperson of United Airlines said.

  (1-1)美国联合航空公司为错误地将一户美国家庭的宠物狗运到数千英里外的日本而道歉。
  由于航空公司的错误，狗主人心爱的 10 岁的巴迪乘坐了 16 个小时的飞机，意外地飞到了东京。
  狗主人家目前正在搬家。他们本打算搬到德克萨斯州的新家与这只宠物团聚。
  但当他们到达美国德克萨斯州的联合航空货运中心时，却发现巴迪的位置上是一 只陌生人的狗在等着。
  (1-2)这两只狗都被从丹佛起飞的转接航班运送到了错误的目的地，巴迪被误送到了日本。
  巴迪抵达东京国际机场后进行了身体检查。随后，这只狗被一架私人包机送回了美国。
  “我很高兴它还活着，而且很快就能回家了!” 狗主人松了一口气说。
  (2)“这是一个在丹佛转机过程中发生的错误。我们已经通知客户，其托运的宠物已安全抵达，接下来会尽快安排将宠物回到主人身边，”美国联合航空公司的发言人如是说道。

2021-12-01.—开头第一句—原词复现“dog”“wrong”，但是关键字间隔较远

1. A. It found a pet dog on board a plane to a city in Texas.
   B. It had one of its cargo planes land at a wrong airport.
   C. It sent two dogs to the wrong destinations.
   D. It had two of its domestic flights mixed up.

1. A.它在一架飞往德克萨斯州一座城市的飞机上发现了一只宠物狗。
B.它的一架货机降落在了错误的机场。
C.它把两只狗送到了错误的目的地。
D.它的两个国内航班弄错了。

1.What does the news report say about United Airlines?
C[精析]事实细节题。新闻开头提到，美国联合航空公司为错误地运送美国家庭的宠物狗而道歉。接着，新闻中提到，两只狗都被从丹佛起飞的转接航班运送到了错误的目的地。因此，答案为 C。

2021-12-02.—结尾第一句—原词复现四个“as soon as possible”

2. A. Correct their mistake as soon as possible.
   B. Give the two pets a physical checkup.
   C. Hire a charter jet to bring the pets back.
   D. Send another plane to continue the flight.

2. A.尽快纠正他们的错误。
B.给这两只宠物做个身体检查。
C.租一架包机把宠物接回来。
D.派另一架飞机继续飞行。

2.What did the spokesperson for United Airlines say they would do after the incident?
A[精析]细节推断题。新闻结尾处提到，他们已通知客户，其托运的宠物已安全抵达，接下 来会尽快安排将宠物送回到主人身边。由此推断，他们会尽快纠正这一错误，故答案为 A。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  Officials at Reid Park Zoo in Tucson Arizona are celebrating the birth of a baby elephant. Zoo officials say the baby was born on Monday. It is a female and she weighs nearly 130 kilograms.
  Semba, her mother, is a 30-year-old African elephant. The pregnancy lasted 22 months.
  Officials describe the baby elephant as “healthy, standing and nursing".
  The baby hasn’t been given a name yet.
  (3) Semba has given birth before. Zoo officials said during this pregnancy, she was closely monitored through physical exams and blood tests.
  Dr. Sue Tygielski is the zoo’s director of zoological operations. (4) She said the elephant’s birth went smoothly and that there were no complications.
  The new baby expands the zoo’s elephant herd to six. That includes the baby’s parents, a sister, a brother and an adult female.
  亚利桑那州图森市里德公园动物园的 工作人员们正在庆祝一头小象的出生。动物园工作人员表示，这只小象于周一出生，是一只体重近 130 公斤的母象。
  她的妈妈森巴是一头 30 岁的非洲象。 这次怀孕持续了22 个月。
  工作人员们描述这只小象“健康，能站立，还在哺乳”。
  还没有给小象起名字。
  森巴以前生育过。动物园工作人员说， 在怀孕期间，她的身体检查和血液测试都受到密切监控。
  苏.泰戈尔斯基博士是该动物园的动物运营主管。她说，小象的出生很顺利，并且没有出现任何的并发症。
  这个小象的出生使得动物园的象群数量增加到六头，分别是小象的父母、小象的姐姐、小象的弟弟以及一只成年母象。

2021-12-03.—开头第七句—定位难，不用想了

3. A. She weighs 130 kilograms.
   B. She has had babies before.
   C. She was brought from Africa.
   D. She has a big family of six.

3. A.她体重130公斤。
B.她以前生过孩子。
C.她是从非洲带来的。
D.她有一个六口之家。

3.What do we learn about the mother elephant Semba?
B[精析]事实细节题。新闻中提到，母象桑巴以前生育过，因此答案为 B。

2021-12-04.—结尾第二句—原词复现一个“smooth”，难

4. A. It took 22 hours.
   B. It had some complications.
   C. It was smooth.
   D. It was monitored by Dr.Sue Tygielski.

4. A.花了22个小时。
B.有一些并发症。
C.很顺利。
D.由sue Tygielski博士监测。

4.What does the report say about the birth of the new baby elephant?
C[精析]事实细节题。新闻中提到，苏·泰格尔斯基博士说小象出生的过程顺利，并且没有出现任何的并发症。因此，答案为 C。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  Three years ago, a couple was enjoying a meal at a beach restaurant. (5) The restaurant was built on a wooden structure above the sea- water. During the meal, the man’s wedding ring slipped off his finger. It fell through the wooden floorboards, apparently lost forever.
  (6) Recently, the restaurant manager Ryan Krivoy decided to replace the wooden deck and he found an old gold coin, some $ 100 bills and a silver wedding ring while replacing the deck.
  (7) The restaurant waitress Sasha Formica posted a picture of the ring on Facebook. The post was shared about 5,000 times.
  Three days later, the happy wife called to claim the ring. She even texted pictures of her and her husband eating there in 2017 as proof.
  The restaurant mailed the ring back to the happy couple. Meanwhile, Krivoy discovered that the gold coin was very rare. It was from 1855 and worth as much as $ 2 ,000.
  三年前，一对夫妇在一家海滨餐厅用餐。(5)这家餐馆被建在海平面上的木质结构上。吃饭时，男人的结婚戒指从手指上滑落。 它从木制地板上掉了下来，显然永远丢失了。
  (6)最近，餐厅经理瑞安.特雷沃伊决定更换木制甲板，他在更换甲板时发现了一枚旧金币，一些 100 美元币值的钞票和一个银结婚戒指。
  (7)餐厅女服务员萨沙·福米卡在脸书上发布了一张戒指的照片。该帖子被分享了约 5000 次。
  三天后，妻子开心地打来电话认领戒指。她还发了她和丈夫 2017 年在那里吃饭的照片为证。
  饭店把戒指寄还给了这对幸福的夫妇。 与此同时，特雷沃伊发现金币非常稀有。这枚金币制作于 1855 年，价值高达 2000 美 元。

2021-12-05.—开头第二句—原词复现三个“above”、“the”、“sea-water”

5. A. It enjoyed great popularity.
   B. It started business three years ago.
   C. It was frequented by newly-weds.
   D. It was built above the sea-water.

5. A.它很受欢迎。
B.它三年前开始营业。
C.新婚夫妇经常光顾。
D.它建在海水之上。

5.What do we learn about the restaurant?
D[精析]事实细节题。新闻开头提到，这家餐馆被建在海平面上的木制结构上，因此答案为D。

2021-12-06.—开头第五句—原词复现全部

6. A. Expand his business on the beach.
   B. Replace the restaurant’s wooden deck.
   C. Post a picture of his restaurant online.
   D. Celebrate his silver wedding anniversary.

6. A.扩大他在海滩上的生意。
B.更换餐厅的木制甲板。
C.把他餐厅的照片发到网上。
D.庆祝他的银婚纪念日。

6.What did the restaurant manager decide to do recently?
B[精析]事实细节题。新闻中提到，餐厅经理瑞安 ·特雷沃伊决定更换木制甲板，因此答案为 B。

2021-12-07.—开头第六句—原词复现四个“post”、“picture”、“on”、“Facebook”

7. A. She sold it for two thousand dollars.
   B. She took it to the restaurant manager.
   C. She posted its picture on Facebook.
   D. She returned it to its owner right away.

7. A.她卖了2000美元。
B.她把它拿给餐厅经理。
C.她在Facebook上发布了照片。
D.她马上把它还给了它的主人。

7. What did the waitress do about the recovered ring?
   C[精析]事实细节题。新闻中提到，餐厅的女服务员萨沙·福米卡在脸谱网上发布了戒指的照片，因此答案为 C。

Section B

Directions: In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.Afier you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

W： (8) I can’t believe that duck hunting is still legal in so many parts of the world. The scientific evidence from countries like Australia, Canada and the USA clearly indicates a decline in the birds’ numbers.
M： But can anyone be sure if the decline is really caused by the hunting or by climate change?
W： It’s caused by both in fact. (9) We see more droughts in countries like Australia. Ducks are birds that feed and breed in areas where there is a lot of water, but their habitats have been shrinking in recent decades because of the droughts.
M： And I guess with fewer places to inhabit, they concentrate in greater numbers in few areas, which surely makes them easier targets for the hunters.
W： It does. My grandfather was a duck hunter. He told me hunting ducks and geese began in the 19th century. They were easily found and plentifully available food source in farming areas, especially for poor immigrants.
M： What do they use for hunting during that period?
W： They use new types of guns, and birds could easily be shot down in flight. And in such great numbers, their commercial hunting of ducks and geese became an industry. (10) Yet, there’s no commercial farming of these birds nowadays. Their meat is hardly eaten in Western countries.
M： No, duck hunting seemingly exists as the continuation of a tradition.
W： (11) Well, ducks have never been popular with farmers like my grandfather anyway because they sometimes destroy crops. In fact, farmers used to poison them in large numbers.
M： That somehow doesn’t surprise me. Nobody places much value on the lives of these poor birds or on their meat.

女： (8)我不敢相信猎杀鸭子在世界上很多地区仍然是合法的。来自澳大利亚、加拿 大和美国等国家的科学证据清楚地表明，鸭子这种禽类的数量在下降。

男：但是是否有人能确定动物数量的减少真的是由捕猎引起的呢？还是由气候变化引起的呢?
女：实际上这两种原因都有。(9)我们看到像澳大利亚这样的国家出现了更多的干 旱。鸭子是一种需要在水多的地方生存繁衍的禽类，但是最近几十年来，由于干旱，它们的栖息地越来越小了。

男：而且我猜，由于可居住的地方越来越少，它们就会集中在少数几个地区，这难 免会使它们更容易成为猎人的目标。

女：确实是这样的。我的祖父以前就猎杀鸭子。他告诉我，猎杀鸭和鹅始于 19 世 纪。鸭子在农业地区很常见，而且是充足的食物来源，对贫穷的移民来说尤为如此。

男：那时候他们用什么打猎?

女：他们使用新型枪，禽类在飞行中很 容易被击落。禽类的数量如此之多，使得对 鸭子和鹅的商业捕猎成为了一项产业。(10) 然而，现在并没有人对鸭和鹅这些禽类进行 商业养殖，因为在西方国家几乎没有人吃它们的肉。
男：不，猎杀鸭子似乎是一种传统的延续。
女： (11)嗯，鸭子在我祖父那个年代并不受欢迎，原因在于鸭子有时会毁掉庄稼。事 实上，那一时期的农民常常毒死大量鸭子。

男：这一点也不令我惊讶。没有人重视 这些可怜的禽类的生命和它们的肉。

2021-12-01-08.

8. A. The number of ducks has declined sharply in recent years.
   B. Climate change has little effect on the lives of wild ducks.
   C. Duck meat is not eaten in Australia,Canada and the U.S.
   D. Duck huntingremains legal in many parts of the world.

8. A.近年来鸭子的数量急剧下降。
B.气候变化对野鸭的生活影响不大。
C.在澳大利亚、加拿大和美国不吃鸭肉
D.在世界上许多地方，猎鸭仍然是合法的。

What does the woman find unbelievable?
D [精析]事实细节题。对话开头，女士提到她无法相信猎杀鸭子在世界上很多地区仍然是合法的，因此答案为 D。

2021-12-01-09.

9. A. Droughts.
   B. Bushfires.
   C. Farming.
   D. Hunting.

9. A.干旱。
B.山火。
C.农业。
D.狩猎。

What does the woman say has caused the shrinking of ducks ’habitats in Australia?
A[精析]事实细节题。对话中女士提到，我们在澳大利亚等国家看到了更多的干旱。鸭子是一种需要在水多的地方生存繁衍的禽类。但是近几十年来，由于干旱，它们的栖息地已经越来越小了。因此，答案为 A。

2021-12-01-10.

10. A. They are not easy to domesticate.
    B. Their meat is not that popular.
    C. It is not environmentally friendly.
    D. It is not considered cost-effective.

10. A.它们不容易驯化。
B.他们的肉不太受欢迎。
C.不环保。
D.不符合成本效益。

Why is there no commercial farming of ducks and geese in Western countries?
B [精析]目的原因题。对话中女士提到，现在并没有人对鸭子和鹅这些禽类进行商业养殖，因为在西方国家几乎没有人吃它们的肉，因此答案为 B。

2021-12-01-11.

11. A. They hunted ducks as a traditional sport.
    B. They killed wildducks and geese for food.
    C. They raised ducks and geese for their eggs.
    D. They poisoned wild ducks in large numbers.

11. A.他们把打鸭子作为一项传统运动。
B.他们杀死野鸭和鹅作为食物。
C.他们养鸭子和鹅是为了得到蛋。
D.他们大量毒死野鸭。

What does the woman say about farmers in her grandfather’s time?
D [精析]事实细节题。对话末尾女士提到，鸭子在她祖父那个年代并不受欢迎，原因在于鸭子有时会毁掉庄稼，因而事实上，那一时期的农民常常大量毒死鸭子。因此，答案为 D。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

M：Okay, Miss Bright. I’ve finished calculating. I estimate you have between 210 and 240 square meters of walls and ceiling.
W： (12-1) So, how much would the paint job cost?
M： That would depend on the quality of paint you choose. We carry two brands. One costs 60 cents every square meter, and the other 90 cents. The second is guaranteed to look great for about 10 years, whereas the cheaper one will start to dull after around six or seven years.
W： In that case, we would prefer the more expensive option.
M： All right, then. So including labor costs, taxes, and everything, this job would come to $ 3,000.
W： (13) Um, to be perfectly honest, that’s more than I expected.
M： Please bear in mind that the price includes moving all the furniture, and the whole task would take two days.
W： Really? Why?
M： Well, we can’t paint the walls without clearing all the furniture first. So everytime we paint a room, we first have to move the furniture to another room. So that takes more time. Plus, it requires two people, which works out more expensive.
W： I see. But does that mean I could not live here in my own house during those two days?
M： That is correct.
W： Oh well, that changes everything, I’m afraid. (14) I would have to stay with a friend or check into a hotel. I hadn’t considered any of that. (12-2) (15) I’m starting to realize that painting my house is far more troublesome than I had anticipated.
M： This is usually the case. Most of our clients go through the same realization.
W： I see.
M： You have my number. Please feel free to call me for any further questions.
W： Thank you.

男：好的，布莱特小姐。我已经计算完了。我估计你家的墙壁和天花板的总面积为 210 到 240 平方米。
女：(12-1)那么，粉刷这些需要多少钱?

男：那要看你选择的颜料的质量了。我们有两种牌子。一种每平方米 60 美分，另一种90 美分。第二种可以保证在 10 年内看起来都很好，而便宜的那种在 6 、7 年后就会开始褪色。

女：那样的话，我们宁愿选择贵一点的。

男：那好吧。所以，算上人工成本、税收和其他费用，这项工程的总费用预计是 3000 美元。
女： (13) 嗯，说实话，这比我预想的要多。
男：请注意，这个价格包括搬所有家具在内，而完成整个任务需要两天时间。

女：真的吗?为什么?
男：嗯，如果不先清理所有的家具，我们就不能粉刷墙壁，所以每次我们粉刷一个房间，我们都得先把家具搬到另一个房间去。 这需要更多的时间。此外，搬家具需要两个 人，这样就更贵了。

女：我明白了。但是，这是否意味着我在那两天里不能住在我自己的房子里呢?

男：没错。
女：哦，那恐怕一切都变了。(14) 我得去朋友家借住或住旅馆。这些我都没考虑过。 (12-2) (15) 我开始意识到粉刷房子比我原先预料的要麻烦得多。

男：通常是这样的。我们的大多数客户都经历过同样的认识。
女：我明白了。

男：你有我的电话号码。如有任何问题，请随时打电话给我。
女：谢谢。

2021-12-01-12.

12. A. Have her house repainted.
    B. Replace some of her old furniture.
    C. Move into a newly-painted house.
    D. Calculate the cost of the paint job.

12. A.把她的房子重新粉刷一下。
B.给她换一些旧家具。
C.搬进新粉刷的房子。
D.计算油漆工作的成本。

What is the woman planning to do?
A [精析]细节推断题。对话开头男士说他已计算出女士家墙壁和天花板的总面积，女士接着询问了粉刷所需的费用，之后对话中提到粉刷房屋需要女士暂住别处等问题。由此推断，女士要重新粉刷她的房屋，因此答案为 A。

2021-12-01-13.

13. A. How long the work will take.
    B. How much the work will cost.
    C. How the paint job isto be done.
    D. How many workers are needed.

13. A.这项工作需要多长时间？
B.这项工作要花多少钱？
C.油漆工作如何完成。
D.需要多少工人？

What is the woman’s chief concern?
B [精析]细节推断题。在男士提到工程总费用预计需 3,000 美元时，女士表示这比她预计的要多。由此推断，女士主要担忧的是费用问题, 因此答案为 B。

2021-12-01-14.

14. A. Cover up her furniture.
    B. Ask some friends for help.
    C. Stay somewhere else.
    D. Oversee the work herself.

14. 把她的家具盖起来。
B.向朋友寻求帮助。
C.待在别的地方。
D.亲自监督工作。

What does the woman have to do while the paint job is being done?
C [精析]细节推断题。对话中提到，粉刷时，女士不能住在自己的房子里，而是去朋友家里借住或者去住旅馆。由此推断，粉刷墙壁时女士要住在别的地方，故答案为 C。

2021-12-01-15.

15. A. She could have asked a friend for help with the paint job.
    B. Painting a house involves more trouble than she thought.
    C. She should have repainted her house much earlier.
    D. Moving her furniture is harder than the paint job.

15.A.她本可以找朋友帮忙刷漆的。
B.粉刷房子比她想象的要麻烦。
C.她应该早点重新粉刷她的房子。
D.搬她的家具比油漆还难。

What has the woman come to realize at the end of the conversation?
B [精析]事实细节题。对话末尾，女士在意识到她还要到别处借住之后，她开始认识到粉刷房屋比她之前想象的要麻烦得多，因此答案为 B。

Section C

Directions:In this section,you will hear three passages Atthe end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,Cand D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  Homework is an important part of schooling, but the purposes of giving children homework will change as they grow older. (16) At the primary level, the main aim is to cultivate good habits, like learning to plan and exercising self-discipline. During the secondary school years, extending what is learned at school is positively related to academic achievement, so the content of homework becomes more important.
  So how can you help your child do their best?
  (17) Creating an ideal working environment will make it easier for them to get down to their assignments quickly. Make sure it’s free of distractions, and- for primary school children at least-somewhere near you, so you can answer questions and offer encouragement.
  You probably have to help younger children plan their session, but it’s important that by the end of primary school it’s second nature. Get them to tell you everything they have to do. Then encourage them to establish an order in which they do work.
  (18) When there are several different assignments, make sure they begin with one they enjoy, so it seems easy to get started. It’s best to take on the most difficult task second - once they’ re settled, but before they get tired.
  If older children have more than an hour of homework, encourage them to schedule a short break to stretch.
  If you encourage them to tell you what they’ve learned, they’ll absorb the information more deeply and remember it more readily

  家庭作业是学校教育的重要组成部分，但给孩子布置家庭作业的目的会随着他们长大而改变。(16)在初级阶段，主要目的是培养良好的习惯，比如学会做计划以及练习自律的能力。在中学阶段，延申在学校学到的知识与学习成绩呈正相关，所以家庭作业 的内容变得更加重要。
  那么，你如何能帮助你的孩子做到最好呢?
  (17) 创造一个理想的学习环境可以让孩子更容易尽快开始做作业。确保环境里没有干扰，并且——至少对小学生来说——在你附近做作业，这样你就可以解答问题并给予鼓励。
  你可能需要帮助年幼的孩子计划他们的课程，但重要的是，要让规划课程在小学结束前成为他们的第二天性。让他们告诉你所有他们要做的事，然后在他们做这些事时鼓励他们建立任务秩序。
  (18) 当面对不同任务时，要确保孩子从喜欢的开始做，这样开始的话就显得很容易。最好是把最难的任务放在第二位——要放在任务确定下来之后，但在他们感到疲惫之前。
  如果年龄较大的孩子有超过一个小时的家庭作业，鼓励他们安排一个短暂的休息来舒展身体。
  如果你鼓励他们告诉你他们学到了什么，他们会更深刻地吸收知识，并且更容易记住所学内容。

2021-12-01-16.

16. A. To cultivate good habits.
    B. To prepare for secondary school.
    C. To review what is learned in class.
    D. To stimulate interest in learning.

16. A.培养好习惯。
B.为中学做准备。
C.复习在课堂上学到的东西。
D.激发学习的兴趣。

16.What is the main aim of homework for primary school kids?
A[精析]目的原因题。短文开头指出，在小学阶段，布置作业的主要目的就是培养良好的习惯，比如学会做计划以及锻炼自律的能力。因此，答案为 A。

2021-12-01-17.

17. A. Discusstheiracademic achievements with them.
    B. Create an ideal study environment for them.
    C. Allow them to learn independently.
    D. Checktheir homework promptly.

17. A.和他们讨论他们的学术成就。
B.为他们创造一个理想的学习环境。
C.允许他们独立学习。
D.及时检查家庭作业。

17.What does the passage suggest parents do to help their children?
B[精析]事实细节题。短文中提到，创造理想的学习环境可以让孩子更容易尽快开始做作业。 因此，答案为 B。

2021-12-01-18.

18. A. Finish them before they get tired.
    B. Tackle the most difficult task first.
    C. Start with something they enjoy.
    D. Focus on the most important ones.

18. A.在他们累之前完成他们。
B.先解决最困难的任务。
C.从他们喜欢的事情开始。
D.关注最重要的。

18.What should children do to deal with multiple assignments?
C[精析]事实细节题。短文中提到，面对多重任务时，要确保孩子从最喜欢做的开始，这样似乎很容易开始。因此，答案为 C。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  (19) Workers at Mexican oil company will receive a healthy incentive of almost $300 a year if they meet certain body weight standards. To qualify for the bonus, they must maintain a healthy weight. For those who are overweight or obese, they could receive the bonus if they reduce their weight by 10% during the year.
  Some applaud the policy as fair, because it rewards both the individuals who maintain a healthy weight and those who are working towards achieving it.
  (20) But critics say the policy contradicts recommendations by many health experts, who warn that a person’s weight is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. That means weight can be hard for individuals to control, which makes the bonus unfair.
  Some experts say the policy is inconsistent with the science of what we know about body weight regulation. These experts argue that focusing on wage is the wrong approach. (21) A more productive method of encouraging health among employees is to promote healthy behaviors. For example, companies can give workers gym memberships, or encourage participation in lectures on healthy eating and living. They can also reduce sweets and provide healthier snacks in the office and healthier meals at the company canteen. Or they can give employees more time during their lunch break to exercise. These are much better and much more productive ways for companies to move forward on their employees ’wellbeing.
  (19)墨西哥石油公司的员工如果达到 一定的体重标准，每年将获得近 300 美元的健康奖金。为了获得奖金，他们必须保持健康的体重。对于那些超重或肥胖的人，如果 他们在一年内减掉 10%的体重，就可以获得奖金。
  一些人称赞这项政策的公平，因为它既奖励那些保持健康体重的人，也奖励那些正在努力实现这一目标的人。
  (20)但有批评人士表示，这项奖励政策违背了健康专家们的建议，专家们警告说一 个人的体重受到遗传和环境因素的影响，这 意味着个人很难控制自己的体重，这使得这 一奖励政策有失公平。
  一些专家表示，该政策与我们所知道的体重调节科学不一致。这些专家认为，关注 工资对于改善健康来说是一个错误的策略。 (21)鼓励员工关注健康更有效的方法是提倡健康的行为。例如，公司可以为员工提供 健身房会员，或鼓励他们参加有关健康饮食和健康生活的讲座。他们还可以减少甜食，在办公室提供更健康的零食，在公司食堂提供更健康的餐饮。或者，他们可以在午休时间给员工更多的时间锻炼身体。对于公司来 说，这些都是更好、更有成效的方式来增加员工的福祉。

2021-12-01-19.

19. A. Workers who meet its body weight standards.
    B. Workers who can lose 30 pounds in a year.
    C. Workers who try the hardest to lose weight.
    D. Workers who are in the top 10%of the slimmest.

19. A.符合体重标准的工人。
B.一年内能减掉30磅的工人。
C.努力减肥的员工。
D.最苗条的前10%的员工。

19.Who will qualify for the bonus in Mexican oil company?
A[精析]事实细节题。短文开头指出，墨西哥石油公司的员工如果达到一定的体重标准，每年将获得近 300 美元的健康奖励。为了获得奖金，他们必须保持健康的体重。由此可知，体重达到一定标准的员工即可获得奖金，故答案为 A。

2021-12-01-20.

20. A. Impractical.
    B. Inconsistent.
    C. Unmanageable.
    D. Unfair.

20.A.不切实际。
B.不一致的。
C.难以管理。
D.不公平。

20.What do critics think of Mexican oil company’s bonus policy?
D[精析]事实细节题。短文中提到，评论家们认为，墨西哥石油公司的奖励政策违背了健康专家们的建议。这些专家们警告说一个人的体重受到基因和环境因素影响，这意味着个人很难控制自己的体重，这使得这一奖励政策有失公平。因此，答案为 D。

2021-12-01-21.

21. A. Offer them much fatter bonuses.
    B. Improve working environment.
    C. Encourage healthy behaviors.
    D. Provide free lunch and snacks.

21. A.给他们更丰厚的奖金。
B.改善工作环境。
C.鼓励健康的行为。
D.提供免费午餐和零食。

21.What do experts propose companies do about workers’ wellbeing?

C[精析]事实细节题。短文中提到，专家们认为，关注工资对于改善健康来说是一个错误的策略。鼓励员工关注健康更有效的方法是提倡健康的行为。因此，答案为 C。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  (22) Campaigners have warned that the British government is not doing enough to prevent left-handed pupils from falling behind their peers. They claim that thousands of children are still being " penalized for being left-handed. This is due to a lack of action from ministers, who’ve failed to take any meaningful action for years.
  It is feared that a failure to address early- year challenges, such as poor handwriting, leads to much more serious problems down the line with these pupils facing reduced career prospects.
  (23) Studies in recent years show that left- handed children are more likely to suffer with learning difficulties and their scores are lower on IQ tests.
  Campaigners feel it’s strange that children in British schools are penalized because they happen to be left-handed. They don’t understand why successive governments have failed to act on this. (24) They want the department of education to record which children are left-handed and what their educational attainments are, since they makeup some 10% of the population.
  In early-year education, left-handed children are struggling and making a mess of their handwriting. Educators don’t knowhow to deal with this. In many cases, there is no active help and a lack of teacher training. (25) Campaigners point out that a high percentage of the prison population is left-handed. They say that these prison numbers are unusually high and ask why it is the case.

  (22) 活动者们警告英国政府，他们没有做出足够的努力来防止左撇子的孩子们落后于同龄人。他们声称，成千上万的儿童仍然“ 因是左撇子而受到惩罚”。这是由于历任部长缺乏行动，多年来没有采取过任何 有意义的行动。
  人们担心，如果无法解决早期左撇子带来的挑战，比如糟糕的书写，将会导致这些学生今后面临更严重的问题，他们将面临更黯淡的职业前景。
  (23)近年来的研究表明，左撇子的孩子们更容易遇到学习上的困难，而且他们的智商测试分数更低。
  活动者们感到奇怪的是，英国学校的孩子因为恰巧是左撇子而受到惩罚。他们不明白为什么历届政府都没有采取行动 。(24) 他们希望教育部记录下哪些孩子是左撇子，以及这些孩子的在校成绩，因为他们占人口的 10% 。
  在早期的教育中，左撇子孩子在书写方面很吃力，甚至把字写得一团糟。教育工作者不知道如何处理这个问题。在许多情况下，没有提供积极的帮助，也缺乏教师培训。(25) 活动者们指出，监狱中很大比例的囚犯是左撇子。他们指出左撇子在监狱的人数异常高，并提出为什么会这样的质问。

2021-12-01-22.

22. A. It has not done enough to help left-handed children.
    B. It has treated left-handed children as being disabled.
    C. It has not built facilities specially for the left-handed.
    D. It has ignored campaigns on behalf of the left-handed.

22. A.在帮助左撇子儿童方面做得还不够。
B.它把左撇子儿童当作残疾对待。
C.没有专门为左撇子建造设施。
D.它忽视了代表左撇子的运动。

22.Why are some people criticizing the British government?
A[精析]目的原因题。短文开头提到，活动者们警告过英国政府，他们没有做出足够的努力来防止左利手的孩子们落后于同伴，因此答案为 A。

2021-12-01-23.

23. A. They are as intelligent as otherchildren.
    B. They have a distinctive style of handwriting.
    C. They sometimes have psychological problems.
    D. They tend to have more difficulties in learning.

23. A.他们和其他孩子一样聪明。
B.他们的笔迹很独特。
C.他们有时有心理问题。
D.他们往往在学习上有更多的困难。

23.What do studies in recent years show about left-handed children?
D[精析]事实细节题。短文中提到，近几年的研究表明，左利手的孩子们更容易遇到学习上的困难，而且他们的智商测试分数较低，因此答案为 D。

2021-12-01-24.

24. A. Punish teachers discriminating against left-handed students.
    B. Lay more emphasis on improving children’s mental health.
    C. Encourage students to develop various professional skills.
    D. Keep track of left-handed children’s school performance.

24. A.惩罚歧视左撇子学生的教师。
B.更加重视提高儿童的心理健康。
C.鼓励学生发展各种专业技能。
D.跟踪左撇子孩子在学校的表现。

24.What do the campaigners demand the department of education do?
D[精析]细节推断题。短文中提到，他们要求教育部门记录哪些孩子是左利手以及这些孩子的在校成绩，因此答案为 D。

2021-12-01-25.

25. A. How they can be reduced in number.
    B. Why their numbers are so high.
    C. What percentage they account for.
    D. If their percentage keeps increasing.

25. A.如何减少他们的数量。
B.为什么他们的人数这么多。
C.他们占多少百分比？
D.如果他们的百分比继续增长。

25.What do the campaigners want to know about left-handed prisoners?
B[精析]细节推断题。短文最后提到，活动者们指出，监狱中左利手的人占比很高，这些监狱的数量异常多，他们想知道为什么会是这样的情况。因此，答案为 B。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices,Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

  Many people believe that passion and commitment are the foundations of strong romantic relationships.But a relationship is made of two 26 individuals.And the personality traits(特性)these individuals 27 or lack can often make a relationship more-or less-likely to 28 .Recent research has found that one trait in particular— humility(谦逊)—is an important indicator of successful relationships.
  Humility can sometimes be 29 with a lack of confidence.But researchers have come to realize that being humble generally indicates the 30 of deeply admirable personal qualities.Being humble means you have the ability to accurately 31 your deficiencies without denying your skills and strengths.For example,you might recognize that you are intelligent,but realize that you are not a 32 .Thus,humility leads to an honest view of one’s own advantages and shortcomings.Humble people do not ignore, avoid,or try to deny their limits or deficiencies.They can 33 mistakes,see value in things that are farfrom perfect and identify areas for improvement.
  Perhaps it is not 34 ,then,that humility appears to be a huge asset to relationships. One study found that people tend to rate this quality 35 in their spouse.The study also found that someone who is humble is more likely to initiate a romantic relationship, perhaps because they are less likely to see themselves as "too good"for someone else.Thus, a humble partner might be your ideal partner.

A. acknowledge
B. assess
C. confused
D. endure
E. extremely
F. genius
G. highly
H. permanent
D. possess
J. presence
K. puzzled
L. status
M. surprising
N. thoroughly
O. unique

Section B

Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

There's a stress gap between men and women

A. "I used to work very hard.I love to create things,grow them and solve problems,"said Meng Li,a successful app developer in San Francisco.“I didn’t really care about my mind and my body until they decided to go on strike.”

B. Ms.Li said her stress led to sleeplessness.When she did sleep,she experienced “problem-solving dreams,"which left her feeling unrested when she woke up.“After I became a first-time mother,I quickly realized I was so busy caring for other people and work that I felt like I’d lost myself,"she said.

C. It’s a common story-one we frequently ridicule and readily dismiss,for example, by claiming that women tend to complain more than men,despite the growing sum of research that underlines the problem.Women are twice as likely to suffer from severe stress and anxiety as men,according to a 2016 study published in The Journal of Brain &Behavior.The American Psychological Association reports a gender gap year after year showing that women consistently report higher stress levels.Clearly, a stress gap exists.

D. "The difference is not really news to me,as a clinical psychologist,"said Erin Joyce, a women and couples therapist in Los Angeles."It’s been well documented in extensive research overthe years that prevalence rates for the majority of the anxiety disorders are higher in women than men."Some people may argue that this is merely reported data, and they say many men feel the same pressures as women in terms of fulfilling responsibilities at work and home.In other words,we’re all really,really stressed.

E. “The difference,however,is in the nature and scope of these responsibilities in the home environment in particular,"Dr.Joyce said.For example,the United Nations reported that women do nearly three times as much unpaid domestic work as men.The problem is,housework is often overlooked as work,even though it is often as laborious (or in some cases,more so)as any paid job.As the scholar Silvia Federici put it in 1975, the unpaid nature of domestic work reinforces the assumption that “housework is not work,thus preventing women from struggling against it.”

F. It’s not just inside the home,though.Research from Nova Southeastern University found that female managers were more likely than male managers to display"surface acting,"or forcing emotions that are not wholly felt.“They expressed optimism, calmness and sympathy even when these were not the emotions that they were actually feeling,"the study said.

G. Surface acting is a prime example of "emotional labor,"a concept that the writer Jess Zimmerman made familiar in a 2015 essay.The essay sparked a massive thread on the internet community blog MetaFilter.Hundreds of women spoke up about their own experience with emotional labor:the duties that are expected of them,but go unnoticed. These invisible duties become apparent only when you don’t do them.Like domestic labor,emotional labor is generally dismissed and not labeled work.But research shows it can be just as exhausting as paid work.Emotional labor can lead to difficulty in sleeping and family conflict.Sure,circumstantial stress,like losing a job,may lead to these same issues.But emotional labor is not circumstantial.It’s an enduring responsibility based on the socialized gender role of women.

H. Like Ms.Li,many women try to manage the added stress to reach what Dr.Joyce said was an unattainable ideal.“Some professional women aim to do it all.They want to reach the top of the corporate ladder and fly like supermom,"she said.When women don’t reach this ideal,they feel guilty;and even more stressed.After her own struggle with this,Ms.Li took a step back and used her experience to build Sanity &Self,a self-care app and platform for overworked women."The realizations I had in that process helped me gain insights and ultimately got me ready to integrate self-care into my daily life,"she said.

I. The stress problem extends beyond mental health when you consider the link between stress,anxiety and heart health.Worse,most of what we know about heart disease comes from studies involving men.However,"there are many reasons to think that it’s different in women,"Harvard Medical School reported.For example,women are more likely to experience disturbed sleep,anxiety and unusual fatigue before a heart attack.Stress is so normalized that it is easy for women to shrug off those symptoms as simply the consequences of stress.Many women also do not experience chest pain before a heart attack the way men do,which leads to fewer women discovering problematic heart issues.Harvard reports that women are "much more likely than men to die within a year of having a heart attack"and “many women say their physicians sometimes don’t even recognize the symptoms.”

J. The good news is,women are more likely than men to take charge of their stress and manage it,the American Psychological Association reports.The concept of self-care, at its core,is quite simple."The basics of adequate sleep,healthy diet and exercise are a good place to start,“Dr.Joyce said.“Support from trusted relationships is vital. This includes professional support from various health and wellness providers if stress is becoming increasingly overwhelming.”

K. Disconnecting from work and home responsibilities is also obviously important. But it’s much easier said than done.It is important to understand what causes your stress in the first place."Get really specific with what’s stressing you out,"Ms.Li said. “We often chalk up our stress to broad experiences like work.But work stress can take many different forms.Is a colleague being disrespectful of your time?Is a boss undermining your day-to-day control over decision making?These are different causes of stress and can benefit from different kinds of self-care.”

L. Ideally,your spouse or partner will be supportive,rather than dismissive,of your stress. It is important to talk through these issues before they come to a head."Women working outside of the home should make an effort to have a conscious conversation with their partners about more equitable sharing of household and family responsibilities,"Dr.Joyce said.

36. Some career women who aim high tend to feel guilty if they fail to achieve their goals.
37. The unpaid housework done by women is triple that done by men.
38. It is reported that women consistently suffer more from severe stress than men.
39. Women are advised to identify the specific causes of their stress so that steps can be taken to deal with it.
40. One study showed that women managers often expressed positive emotions that they didn’t really feel.
41. Women tend to mistake signs of heart attacks for symptoms of stress.
42. For a time an app developer in America was so busy attending to work and family that she suffered from sleeplessness.
43. The emotional labor women do is noticed only when it is not done.
44. Dr.Joyce suggests that apart from self-care,women should seek professional support if they experience severe stress.
45. Some people believe that there may not exist a stress gap between men and women.

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  As many office workers adapt to remote work,cities may undergo fundamental change if offices remain under-utilized.Who will benefit if working from home becomes the norm?
  Employers argue they make considerable savings on real estate when workers shift from office to home work.However,these savings result from passing costs on to workers.
  Unless employees are fully compensated,this could become a variant of parasitic (寄生的) capitalism,whereby corporate profits increasingly rely on extracting value from the public—and now personal—realm,rather than on generating new value.
  Though employers are backed by a chorus of remote work advocates,others note the loneliness,reduced productivity and inefficiencies of extended remote work.
  If working from home becomes permanent,employees will have to dedicate part of their private space to work.This requires purchasing desks,chairs and office equipment.
  It also means having private space dedicated to work:the space must be heated, cleaned,maintained and paid for.That depends on many things,but for purposes of illustration,I have run some estimates for Montreal.The exercise is simple but important,since it brings these costs out of the realm of speculation into the realm of meaningful discussion.
  Rough calculations show that the savings made by employers when their staff works from home are of similar value to the compensation workers should receive for setting up offices at home.
  What does this mean for offices in cities?One of two things may happen:Employers pass these costs onto employees.This would be a form of expropriation( 侵占) , with employees absorbing production costs that have traditionally been paid by the employer.This represents a considerable transfer of value from employees to employers.
  When employees are properly compensated,employers’real estate savings will be modest.If savings are modest,then the many advantages of working in offices—such as lively atmosphere,rapidity of communication,team-building and acclimatization (适应环境) of new employees—will encourage employers to shelve the idea of remote work and,like Yahoo in 2013,encourage employees to work most of the time from corporate office space.

[文章来源]
本文选自 2020 年 6 月 18 日刊登在 theconversation.com(对话网站)上的一篇标题 为“Remote Work: Employers Are Taking Over Our Living Spaces And Passing On Costs”（《远程 工作：雇主正在接管我们的生活空间并转嫁成本》）的文章。

[结构框图]

2021-12-01-46.—细节辨认题—难—同义替换—“savings result from passing costs on to workers节省的结果是将成本转嫁给工人”替换为“employers at the expense of employees雇主以牺牲雇员为代价”

46. What does the author say about working from home?【原文：Employers argue they make considerable savings on real estate when workers shift from office to home work.However,these savings result from passing costs on to workers.】
    A. It will become the norm sooner or later.
    B. It requires employees to adapt promptly.
    C. It benefits employers at the expense of employees.
    D. It will force cities to transform their infrastructure.

46. 关于在家工作，作者说了些什么？
A.这迟早会成为常态。
B.它要求员工迅速适应。
C.以牺牲雇员为代价使雇主受益。
D.这将迫使城市改造他们的基础设施。

46 【定位】 由题干中的the author和working from home定位到第一、二段。

C 【精析】 细节辨认题。第二段指出，雇主们认为，当工作人员从办公室转到家中工作时，他们在房地产方面节省了大量资金。然而，这些节省下来的资金来自于将成本转嫁到工人身上。由此可见，远程工作这一模式虽然使雇主从中受益，但是却以牺牲雇员的利益为代价，故答案为 C。

【避错】 首段最后一句提到，如果这一工作模式常态化，谁将受益？由此可见，该模式现在只是兴起，并没有成为常态，故排除 A；首段第一句提到，很多工作人员适应了远程工作的模式，但是并没有要求所有员工迅速适应该模式，故排除 B；

首段第一句提到，如果城市办公室不能充分利用的话，城市将经历根本性的改变，但这并不是作者对于远程工作的观点，故排除 D。

2021-12-01-47.—推理判断题—难—定位难，没有关键字，需要同义替换“oppose反对”替换为“Though employers are backed by a chorus of remote work advocates尽管雇主得到了远程工作倡导者的异口同声的支持”—答案同义替换简单“reduced productivity”替换为“negatively impacts productivity”

47. Why do some people oppose working from home?【原文：Unless employees are fully compensated,this could become a variant of parasitic (寄生的) capitalism,whereby corporate profits increasingly rely on extracting value from the public—and now personal—realm,rather than on generating new value.
      Though employers are backed by a chorus of remote work advocates,others note the loneliness,reduced productivity and inefficiencies of extended remote work.
      If working from home becomes permanent,employees will have to dedicate part of their private space to work.This requires purchasing desks,chairs and office equipment.】
    A. It discourages team spirit.
    B. It invades employees’privacy.
    C. It undermines traditional values.
    D. It negatively impacts productivity.

49. 为什么有些人反对在家工作？
A.这会打击团队精神。
B.侵犯了员工的隐私。
C.它破坏了传统价值观。
D.它对生产力有负面影响。

47.【定位】由题干中的some people oppose working from home 定位到第四段。

D 【精析】 推理判断题。定位段提到，尽管雇主得到了远程工作倡导者的异口同声的支持， 但其他人注意到长期的远程工作所带来的孤独感、生产率降低和效率低下。由此可知， 远程工作模式并不是受到大家的一致肯定，也有人持反对意见，而这些反对意见就包括：孤独感、生产率降低和效率低下，所以人们反对的原因是认为它会对生产力产生负面影响，故答案为 D。

【避错】 文中并未提及 A“它挫伤了团队士气” 、B“它侵犯了员工的隐私”和 C“它破坏了传统的价值观” ，故排除。

2021-12-01-48.—细节辨认题—难—易选错关键字“illustration”，但是实际原文“but for purposes of illustration但是为了说明”只是句没啥意义的句子

48. Why did the author run the estimates for Montreal?【原文：That depends on many things,but for purposes of illustration,I have run some estimates for Montreal.The exercise is simple but important,since it brings these costs out of the realm of speculation into the realm of meaningful discussion.】
    A. To provide convincing data for serious discussion.
    B. To illustrate the ongoing change in working patterns.
    C. To show the impact of remote working on productivity.
    D. To exemplify how remote working affects the economy.

48. 为什么作者要对蒙特利尔进行评估？
A.为严肃的讨论提供令人信服的数据。
B.说明工作模式正在发生的变化。
C.显示远程工作对生产力的影响。
D.举例说明远程工作如何影响经济。

48.【定位】由题干中的the author run the estimates for Montreal 定位到第六段最后一句。

A 【精析】 细节辨认题。定位句指出，这项工作很简单但很重要，因为它将这些成本从推测领域带到了有意义的讨论领域。由此可见，作者之所以对蒙特利尔进行估算，是为有意义的讨论提供真实的数据，故答案为 A。

【避错】 文章第六段第一句提到，远程工作意味着要有专门用于工作的私人空间：空间需要供暖、清扫、维护和支付费用，由此可见，这里只是提到工作模式的转变，对于是否持续改变，尚无定论，B的表述错误，故排除；

第四段提到远程工作模式对生产力的影响，但这并不是作者对蒙特利尔进行估算的原因，故排除 C；

文中未提及 D“为了 举例说明远程工作对经济的影响” ，故排除。

2021-12-01-49.—细节辨认题—难—需要理解才能选对

49. What can we conclude from the author’s calculations?【原文：Rough calculations show that the savings made by employers when their staff works from home are of similar value to the compensation workers should receive for setting up offices at home.粗略计算表明，雇主让员工在家工作所节省的费用，与员工在家里设立办公室所应得到的补偿价值相当。】
    A. There is no point in transferring office work to working from home.
    B. Employees can benefit as much from remote working as their employers.
    C. Employers gain from remote working should go to employees as compensation.
    D. Effective measures should be taken to motivate employees to set up offices at home.

49. 从作者的计算中我们可以得出什么结论？
A.把办公室工作转移到在家工作是没有意义的。
B.雇员和雇主一样可以从远程工作中获益。
C.雇主从远程工作中获得的收益应作为补偿归雇员所有。
D.应该采取有效的措施来激励员工在家里设立办公室。

49.【定位】由题干中的the author’s calculations定位到第七段。

C 【精析】 细节辨认题。定位段提到，粗略计算表明，当员工在家工作时，雇主所节省的费 用与员工在家设立办公室所应获得的补偿金额相当。由此可知，雇主所节省下来的费用应该给予雇员，补偿他们设立办公室的费用，故答案为 C。

【避错】 定位段提到，当员工在家工作时，雇主所节省的费用与员工在家设立办公室所应获得的补偿金额相当。由此可见，并非远程工作模式没有意义，而是创造的价值是一样的，只不过受益人发生了变化，故排除 A；即使员工收到补偿，也是对自己创造的 价值的回报，不能说他们获取了和其雇主一样多的收益，故排除 B；文中未提及 D“采取有效措施激励员工在家设立办公室”，故排除。

2021-12-01-50.—细节辨认题—难—需要读懂最后一段推出观点

50. What is the author’s opinion on working from home?【原文：will encourage employers to shelve the idea of remote work and,like Yahoo in 2013,encourage employees to work most of the time from corporate office space.】
    A. It should be avoided if possible.
    B. It is only a temporary measure.
    C. It can reduce companies’real estate costs.
    D. It may affect employees’corporate loyalty.

50. 作者对在家工作有什么看法？
A.如果可能的话应该避免。
B.这只是一个临时措施。
C.它可以降低公司的房地产成本。
D.可能影响员工对公司的忠诚度。

50.【定位】由题干中的author’s opinion on working from home定位到最后一段。

A 【精析】 细节辨认题。定位段指出，如果雇员得到适当的补偿，雇主的房地产节省的资金就少了，那么在办公室工作的许多优势，例如活跃的气氛、快速的沟通团队建设和新员工对环境的适应，都将鼓励雇主搁置远程工作的想法，就像 2013 年的雅虎一样，鼓励员工大部分时间在公司办公。由此可见，一旦雇主需要对远程工作的员工进行补偿， 那么对于雇主而言，远程工作的弊端就大于利益，那么远程工作对于雇主和雇员双方都没有太大的好处。因此，作者支持在办公室工作，故答案为 A。

【避错】 B项文中没有提及，故排除；文中确实提及，远程工作模式可以节省雇主的房地产成本，但是如果给员工补偿的话，这种节约成本就与补偿相互抵消了，故排除 C；

最后一段最后一句提到，远程工作模式缺少活跃的气氛快速的沟通、团队建设和新员工对环境的适应等优点，但是没有提及影响员工对企业的忠诚度这一话题，故排除 D。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful development as a species.But curiosity can also be dangerous,leading to setbacks or even downfalls.Given curiosity’s complexity,scientists have found it hard to define.
  While pinning down a definition has proven tricky,the general consensus is it’s some meansof information gathering.Psychologists also agree curiosity is intrinsically(内在地) motivated.
  Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn’t any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment.That said, curiosity does have a genetic component.Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior,including their curiosity.
  Regardless of their genetic makeup,infants have to learn an incredible amount of information in a short time,and curiosity is one of the tools humans have found to accomplish that gigantic task.
  Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty.It’s what motivates non-human animals,human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them aftercontinued exposure.
  But curiosity often comes with a cost.
  In some situations,the stakes are low and failure is a healthy part of growth.For instance,many babies are perfectly proficient crawlers,but they decide to try walking because there’s more to see and do when they stand upright.But this milestone comes at a small cost.A study of 12-to 19-month-olds learning how to walk documented that these children fell down a lot.Seventeen times per hour,to be exact.But walking is faster than crawling,so this motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking.
  Sometimes,however,testing out a new idea can lead to disaster.For instance,the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates,but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.

2021-12-01-51.—细节辨认题—难—强干扰项A，对一半，错一半—同义替换，“driving force behind our successful development as a species”替换为“is the force that pushes human society forward”

51. What does the author say about curiosity?【原文：The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful development as a species.But curiosity can also be dangerous,leading to setbacks or even downfalls.Given curiosity’s complexity,scientists have found it hard to define.】
    A. It is too complex for non-scientists to understand.
    B. It is the force that pushes human society forward.
    C. It is a unique trait specific to the human race.
    D. It is often the major cause for human failures.

51. 关于好奇心，作者说了什么？
A.它太复杂了，非科学家无法理解。
B.它是推动人类社会前进的力量。
C.这是人类特有的特征。
D.它经常是人类失败的主要原因。

51.【定位】由题干中的the author和curiosity定位到首段第一句。

B【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，人类对知识的渴望是我们作为一个物种成功发展背后的驱动力。由此可见，作为一个物种，我们之所以不断向前发展，是因为有好奇心这一驱动力，故答案为 B。

【避错】首段第三句提到，考虑到好奇心的复杂性，科学家们发现很难定义它。由此可见，科学家只是觉得好奇心难以定义，而非无法理解，故排除A；
文章首段第一句指出，人类对知识的渴望是我们作为一个物种成功发展背后的驱动力，但是这并不是人类的一种特性，故排除 C；
首段第二句提到，好奇心也可能是危险的，会导致挫折甚至失败。但这并不能一概而论，说好奇心是人类失败的主要原因，故排除D。

2021-12-01-52.—细节辨认题—定位同义替换“general understanding”替换为“general consensus”—选项同义替换“information gathering”替换为“seek information”

52. What is the general understanding of curiosity?【原文：While pinning down a definition has proven tricky,the general consensus is it’s some means of information gathering.Psychologists also agree curiosity is intrinsically(内在地) motivated.】
    A. It motivates people to seek information.
    B. It is destined to transform human genes.
    C. It does people more good than harm.
    D. It underlies all human behaviors.

52. 对好奇心的一般理解是什么？
A.它激励人们去寻找信息。
B.它注定要改变人类基因。
C.它对人的好处大于坏处。
D.它是所有人类行为的基础。

52.【定位】由题干中的the general understanding of curiosity定位到第二段第一句。

【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，虽然事实证明给好奇心下定义很难，但大家普遍认为A好奇心是一种收集信息的手段。由此可知，好奇心可以激励人类去寻找信息，故答案为 A。

【避错】文章第三段提到，好奇心涵盖了如此多的行为，以至于很可能没有任何一种单一的“好奇心基因”能让人类对自己的环境感到好奇和探索。这就是说，好奇心确实有基因成分，但并未提及好奇心能改变人类基因，B 的表述错误，故排除；
文章第一段提到，好奇心虽然是人类成功发展背后的驱动力，但也可能是危险的，所以说好奇心对人类有利有弊，但并没有提及是否利大于弊，故排除C；
D“它是所有人类行为的基础”在文中未提及，故排除。

2021-12-01-53.—细节辨认题—没想到“environment”是关键词

53. What do we learn about how genes shape people’s behavior?【原文：Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn’t any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment.That said, curiosity does have a genetic component.Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior,including their curiosity.】
    A. They determine people’s way of thinking.
    B. They account for age differences in learning.
    C. They enable people to undertake massive tasks.
    D. They work in conjunction with the environment.

53. 关于基因如何塑造人的行为，我们了解到了什么？
A.它们决定了人们的思维方式。
B.他们解释了学习上的年龄差异。
C.它们使人们能够承担大量的任务。
D.他们与环境一起工作。

【定位】由题干中的we learn about howgenes shape people’sbehavior定位到第三段第三句。

【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，基因和环境以许多复杂的方式相互作用，塑造个体并指导他们的行为，包括他们的好奇心。由此可见，基因之所以可以影响人类的行为，是与环境相互作用的结果，故答案为 D。

【避错】 A和 B在文中均未提及，故排除；
第四段提到婴儿必须在短时间内学习大量的信息，而好奇心是人类完成这一巨大任务的工具之一。也就是说,是好奇心而不是基因使人们能够承担艰巨的任务，故排除C。

2021-12-01-54.—细节辨认题—易—关键词就在定位句后面，不要找太后面去

54. What do numerous studies show about infants? 【原文：Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty.It’s what motivates non-human animals,human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them aftercontinued exposure.
      But curiosity often comes with a cost.】
    A. They are far more curious than adults.
    B. They prefer to go after all that is novel.
    C. They have different interests than adults.
    D. They show non-human animal behaviors.

54. 关于婴儿的大量研究表明了什么？
A.他们比成年人更好奇。
B.他们喜欢追求新奇的事物。
C.他们的兴趣与成年人不同。
D.它们表现出非人类的动物行为。

54.【定位】由题干中的numerous studies show about infants定位到第五段第一句。
B
【精析】细节辨认题。第五段第一句提到，数百项研究表明，婴儿更喜欢新奇的事物。这是促使非人类动物、人类婴儿，甚至可能是人类成年人探索和寻找新事物的动力，而在持续接触之后，他们对新事物的兴趣会减弱。由此可见，婴儿比成年人更喜欢追求新奇的东西，故答案为 B。

【避错】文章第五段第一句提到，婴儿更喜欢新奇事物，但是文中并没有提及婴儿比成年人更具好奇心，故排除 A；第五段第二句提到，这是促使非人类动物、人类婴儿,甚至可能是人类成年人探索和寻找新事物的动力，而在持续接触之后，他们对新事物的兴趣会减弱，由此可见，在好奇心方面，婴儿、非人类动物以及成年人可能是一样的，故排除 C；
D 文章并未提及，故排除。

2021-12-01-55.—推理判断题—难—“testing out a new idea can lead to disaster”推出“The cost of humans’curiosity to explore”，没啥关键词

55. What does the example of the Inuit people of the Arctic regions illustrate?【原文：testing out a new idea can lead to disaster.For instance,the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates,but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.】
    A. The cost of humans’curiosity to explore.
    B. The incredible harshness of cold weather.
    C. The innovative ideas stemming from curiosity.
    D. The importance of learning from past failures.

55. 北极地区因纽特人的例子说明了什么？
A.人类好奇心的代价。
B.难以置信的寒冷天气。
C.源于好奇心的创新想法。
D.从过去的失败中学习的重要性。

55.【定位】由题干中的the Inuit people ofthe Arctic regions定位到最后一段。
A

【精析】推理判断题。最后一段第二句中的 For instance 说明该句是例证，主要说明第句的观点。第一句指出，有时候测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难。由此可见，驱使人类不断进行探索的好奇心也会给人类带来负面的影响，故案为 A。

【避错】最后一段第二句指出，北极地区的因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的模式来应对生活在北方的气候的挑战，但我们忘记的是成千上万的人曾试图在这具有挑战性的环境中生存而未能成功。由此可见，寒冷天气确实十分严酷，但是这并不是提及该例子的原因，故排除 B；
文中未提及 C 和 D，故排除。

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
  大运河(Grand Canal)是世界上最长的人工河，北起北京，南至杭州。它是中国历史上最宏伟的工程之一。大运河始建于公元前4世纪，公元13世纪末建成。修建之初是为了运输粮食，后来也用于运输其他商品。大运河沿线区域逐渐发展成为中国的工商业中心。长久以来，大运河对中国的经济发展发挥了重要作用，有力地促进了南北地区之间的人员往来和文化交流。