2020 年 9 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）——解析版

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2020年9月大学英语四级考试真题(一)

Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)

Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on online libraries.You can start your essay with the sentence “Online libraries are becoming increasingly popular”.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)

Section A

Directions： In this section, you will hear three news reports . At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once . After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

A NASA satellite orbiting over Portugal took photographs that reveal the effects of pollution from ships. One of the photos shows a thin film of clouds above the briliant blue of the North Atlantic, cut by white lines of thicker clouds that look like scars. (1) NASA offcials explained those thicker clouds are signs of ship traffic below. When ships power their way through the ocean , they pump exhaust into the atmosphere, just as cars do. And those massive amounts of particles can cause clouds to form. Get enough of those particles in one place , as from the exhaust of a ship, and they can lead to the creation of new clouds easily visible from space. " These clouds can be huge. Some of them stretch hundreds of ldilometres from end to end." NASA officials said. (2) It’s likely that these sorts of clouds are having some effect on the global climate, according to NASA officials, But scientists aren’t vet sure what effect it has.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. What has caused the thick clouds in the photos taken by NASA satellite?
2. What do NASA officials think about the thick clouds?

【听前猜测】

预览两道题各选项，由选项中出现的 exhaust、partices、emited、climate 可推测，新闻内容与环境和气候有关。根据第1题选项中的 ship traffic、exhaust from cars、partices 等词可推测，本题考査造成环境污染的因素是什么；根据第2题选项中的 seriously、effect、trouble、affecting等词可推测，本题考查环境污染的影响。

2020-09-01-01.—开头第三句—原词复现两个“Ship traffic”

1. A. Ship traffic in the Atlantic.
   B. Warm currents in the ocean.
   C. Exhaust from cars in Europe.
   D. Particles emitted by power plants.

1. A.大西洋上的船舶交通。
B.海洋中的暖流。
C.欧洲汽车排放的废气。
D.发电厂排放的微粒。

A。新闻开头提到，美国宇航局官员解释说这些较厚的云层是大西洋上船舶往来的痕记。当船舶穿过海洋，它们就像汽车一样将废气排放到大气中，大址的颗粒物便形成了云层。因此答案为A。

2020-09-01-02.—结尾第二句—原词复现两个“effect … climate”

2. A. They need to be taken seriously.
   B. They have a huge effect on fishery.
   C. They might be causing trouble to air flights.
   D. They may be affecting the world’s climate.

2. A.他们需要被认真对待。
B.它们对渔业有巨大的影响。
C.他们可能会给航班造成麻烦。
D.它们可能正在影响世界气候。

D。新闻末尾提到，美国宇航局官员称，这些云层面积很大，可绵延数百公里，很可能会对全球气候造成一定的影响。因此答案为D。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

Staff at a suburban supermarket in Melbourne say they feel unsafe at work after security guards were removed. This came after a series of physical attacks and verbal abuse by customers. (3)More than 50 workers at the store have signed a letter calling for a permanent security ard following a series of incidents includin a customer threatening to attack a suervisor with a knife. A security worker had guarded the store each night from 7 p. m. until 12 a. m. , but that had stopped suddenly on Monday, employees said. One worker said an angry customer had thrown a chicken at his head after complaining about how long she had waited to be served. Another worker said the lack of protection at the store made her feel uncomfortable at work. (4) However the spokesman of the supermarket said the store had taken strong action in response to incidents. "We have found very few instances of bad customer behavior at our store in the past year. In the rare cases we have seen bad behavior,we have taken strong action in response including banning a customer from the store. "

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard

3. For what purpose did the staff at a supermarket in Melboume sign a letter?
4. What did the spokesman of the supermarket say regarding the employees’ demand?

听前猜测
预览两道题各选项，由选项中的higher wages、better health care、supervisor、customers’ needs 等词推测，新闻内容可能与员工待遇以及顾客需求有关。第 3 题各选项均为不定式结构，且appeal、demand、call for 均表达诉求之意，可能考查员工或顾客的诉求；第4 题各选项均表达采取某一措施，可能考查如何满足员工或顾客的诉求。

2020-09-01-03.—开头第三句—原词复现五个“call for a permanent security”

3. A. To appeal for higher wages.
   B. To demand better health care.
   C. To call for a permanent security guard.
   D. To dismiss the bad-tempered supervisor.

3. A.要求更高的工资。
B.要求更好的医疗保健。
C.要求一个永久的保安。
D.解雇坏脾气的主管。

C。新闻开头提到，墨尔本郊区一家超市的员工表示保安撤离后他们缺乏安全感，此前该超市员工遭到了顾客的肢体攻击和口头谩骂。在发生了一系列事件后，超市50 多名员工联名写信，要求雇用一名长期保安。 因此答案为C。

2020-09-01-04.—结尾第一二三句—原词复现四个“have taken strong action”

4. A. It had already taken strong action.
   B. It would put customers’ needs first.
   C. It would take their appeal seriously.
   D. It was seeking help from the police.

4. A.中国已经采取了强有力的行动。
B.它会把顾客的需求放在第一位。
C.它会认真对待他们的上诉。
D.它正在向警方寻求帮助。

A。新闻末尾提到，超市已经采取强有力的措施来应对这些冲突，在过去一年里，几乎没有发现顾客的不良行为。而在为数不多的几次冲突中，超市也采取了措施，比如禁止一位顾客进入超市。因此答案为A。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

(5) Drivers on their way to the Polish capital of Warsaw on Wednesday morning found the road blocked by an unusual obstacle: tons of liquid chocolate that spilled onto the motorway. (6) A truck carrying the sweet load hit a road barrier and overturned blocking two lanes. The cracked tank spilled a pool of rapidly-hardening chocolate, which quickly covered the width of the road. While the driver was taken to hospital with a broken arm, firefighters struggled to remove a reported twelve tons of solid chocolate from the road. (7) A representative for the firetighters told the local TV that removing the chocolate was worse than dealing with snow. After contacting the chocolate manufacturer, the firefighters resorted to spraying hot, pressurized water to get rid of the sticky substance. The local TV also noted that the cleanup spanned more than a mile, because drivers simply drove through the chocolate after the crash, leaving a long chocolate trail. But despite the sticky situation, firefighters and police attending to the cleanup were reportedly cheerful about the long task ahead. After all, who could be mad about twelve tons of chocolate?

Questions 5 to 7 are baed on the news report you have just heard.

5. What did drivers on the motorway to Warsaw find?
6. What does the report say about the accident?
7. What did the firefighters’ representative tell the local TV?

【听前猜测】
预览三道题各选项，由选项中出现的road、truck 、driver、cleanup等词可推测，新闻内容与交通事故有关。结合各选项语义可进一步推测，第5 题可能考查道路上出了什么状况，第 6 题可能考查事故的原因，第 7 题考查事故造成的影响。

2020-09-01-05.—开头第一句—原词复现两个“road、blocked”

5. A. The road was flooded.
   B. The road was blocked.
   C. The road was frozen with snow.
   D. The road was covered with spilled gas.

5. A.路被水淹了。
B.道路被堵塞了。
C.路被雪冻住了。
D.道路上满是溢出的汽油。

B。新闻开头提到，周三早上，在去往波兰首都华沙的高速公路上，司机们发现道路被数吨洒出的液体巧克力堵塞了。因此答案为B。

2020-09-01-06.—开头第二句—原词复现七个“A truck hit a barrier and overturned”

6. A. A truck plunged into a pool of liquid chocolate.
   B. The heavy snow made driving very difficult.
   C. The truck driver dozed off while driving.
   D. A truck hit a barrier and overturned.

6. A.一辆卡车掉进了液体巧克力池。
B.大雪使开车很困难。
C.卡车司机开车时打瞌睡了。
D.一辆卡车撞上障碍物翻倒了。

D。新闻中提到，一辆载满甜食的卡车撞到路障后翻车，堵塞了两条车道。因此答案为D。

2020-09-01-07.—开头第五句—原词复现一个“remove”

7. A. It was a long time before the cleanup was finished.
   B. It was a hard task to remove the spilled substance.
   C. It was fortunate that no passenger got injured.
   D. It was difficult to contact the manufacturer.

7. A.清理工作过了很长时间才完成。
B.清除溢出的物质是一项艰巨的任务。
C.幸运的是没有乘客受伤。
D.很难联系到制造商。

B。新闻中提到，一名消防员代表告诉当地电视台，清理这些巧克力比清理大雪还难，由此推断，清理洒出的巧克力是一个艰巨的任务。因此答案为B。

Section B

Directions： In this section, you will hear two long conversations . At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions . Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once . After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

2020-09-01-08.

8. A. She wanted to save for a new phone.
   B. She found it much safer to use cash.
   C. She could enjoy discounts with cash.
   D. She had been cheated using phone apps.

8. A.她想攒钱买一部新手机。
B.她发现用现金更安全。
C.她可以用现金享受折扣。
D.她被手机应用程序骗了。

2020-09-01-09.

9. A. They can save a lot more time and trouble.
   B. They find it less difficult to make purchases.
   C. They derive greater pleasure from buying things.
   D. They are less aware of the value of their money.

9. A.他们可以节省更多的时间和麻烦。
B.他们发现购物不那么困难了。
C.他们从购物中获得更大的乐趣。
D.他们很少意识到钱的价值

2020-09-01-10.

10. A. More valuable items.
    B. More non-essential things.
    C. Everyday necessities.
    D. Electronic devices.

10. A.更有价值的物品。
B.更多非必要的东西。
C.日常必需品。
D.电子设备。

2020-09-01-11.

11. A. It can improve shopping efficiency.
    B. It is altering the way of shopping.
    C. It may lead to excessive spending.
    D. It appeals more to younger people.

11. A.可以提高购物效率。
B.它正在改变购物的方式。
C.它可能导致过度消费。
D.它更吸引年轻人。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

2020-09-01-12.

12. A. He wanted to order some wooden furniture.
    B. He had to change the furniture delivery time.
    C. He had a problem with the furniture delivered.
    D. He wanted the furniture store to give him a refund.

12. A.他想订购一些木制家具。
B.他不得不改变家具的交货时间。
C.他收到的家具有问题。
D.他想让家具店给他退款。

2020-09-01-13.

13. A. Send the furniture back to the store.
    B. Describe the furniture he received.
    C. Collect the furniture he ordered.
    D. Buy another brand of furniture.

13. A.把家具送回商店。
B.描述他收到的家具。
C.收集他订购的家具。
D.买另一个品牌的家具。

2020-09-01-14.

14. A. Correct their mistake.
    B. Improve their service.
    C. Apologize to his wife.
    D. Give the money back.

14. A.纠正他们的错误。
B.改善他们的服务。
C.向他妻子道歉。
D.把钱还回去。

2020-09-01-15.

15. A. She recommended a new style.
    B. She offered some gift to the man.
    C. She apologized to the man once more.
    D. She checked all the items with the man.

15. A.她推荐了一种新款式。
B.她给了那个男人一些礼物。
C.她再一次向那个男人道歉。
D.她和男士核对了所有的项目。

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages . At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions . Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once . After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corre:ponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

2020-09-01-16.

16. A. Reading books of wisdom.
    B. Tidying up one’s home.
    C. Sharing with others.
    D. Donating to charity.

16. A.阅读智慧之书。
B.整理房间。
C.与他人分享。
D.捐赠给慈善机构。

2020-09-01-17.

17. A. Things that make one happy.
    B. Things that are becoming rare.
    C. Things that occupy little space.
    D. Things that cost a lot of money.

17. A.使人快乐的事情。
B.越来越少的东西。
C.占用很少空间的东西。
D.花费很多钱的东西。

2020-09-01-18.

18. A. It joined the city’s clean-up campaign.
    B. It sold as many as fifty boxes of books.
    C. It received an incredibly large number of donated books.
    D. It did little business because of the unusual cold weather.

18.A.它加入了城市的清洁运动。
B.它卖了50箱书。
C.它收到了令人难以置信的大量捐赠书籍。
D.由于天气异常寒冷，生意清淡。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

2020-09-01-19.

19. A. Give free meals to the homeless.
    B. Provide shelter for the homeless.
    C. Help the vulnerable to cook lunches.
    D. Call for change in the local government.

19. A.给无家可归的人提供免费膳食。
B.为无家可归者提供住所。
C.帮助弱势群体做午餐。
D.呼吁改变地方政府。

2020-09-01-20.

20. A. Strengthen co-operation.
    B. Promote understanding.
    C. Win national support.
    D. Follow his example.

20.A.加强合作。
B.促进理解。
C.赢得全国支持。
D.以他为榜样。

2020-09-01-21.

21. A. Spreading news of his deeds.
    B. Writing him thank-you notes.
    C. Following the example he sets.
    D. Sending him hand-made bags.

21. A.传播他的事迹。
B.给他写感谢信。
C.以他为榜样。
D.送他手工制作的包。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

2020-09-01-22.

22. A. To solve word search puzzles.
    B. To send smartphone messages.
    C. To test their eyesight using a phone app.
    D. To install some audio equipment in a lab.

22. A.解决字谜。
B.发送智能手机信息。
C.用手机应用测试他们的视力。
D.在实验室安装一些音频设备。

2020-09-01-23.

23. A. They could not go on until the ringing stopped.
    B. They could no longer concentrate on their task.
    C. They grabbed the phone and called back right away.
    D. They asked their experimenter to hang up the phone.

23. A.直到铃声停止，他们才能继续。
B.他们再也不能集中精力完成任务了。
C.他们拿起电话马上回了电话。
D.他们让实验者挂断电话。

2020-09-01-24.

24. A. A rise in emotional problems.
    B. A decline in sports activities.
    C. A reduction in the amount of sleep.
    D. A decline in academic performance.

24. A.情绪问题增多。
B.体育活动的减少。
C.睡眠时间减少。
D.学业成绩下降。

2020-09-01-25.

25. A. Protect the eyesight of the younger generation.
    B. Take effective measures to raise productivity.
    C. Realize the disruptive effects of technology.
    D. Ensure they have sufficient sleep every day.

25. A.保护年轻一代的视力。
B.采取有效措施提高生产力。
C.认识到技术的颠覆性影响。
D.确保他们每天有充足的睡眠。

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section A

Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks . You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage . Read the passage through carefully before making your choices . Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter . Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may ,wt use any of the words in the bank more than once.
  There’re three main types of financial stress people encounter. The first type is apparent in people being stressed about the 26 ups and downs of investment markets-actually not so much the ups,but 27 the downs. These people are usually unable or unprepared to endure the long haul.
  The next common type of financial stress is that caused by debt. In a 28 percentage of cases of debt-induced financial stress, credit cards and loans will be a central element. Often there’ll be a car loan and perhaps a mortgage, but credit cards often seem to be the gateway to debt-related financial difficulties for many.
  The third type of stress and 29 the least known is inherited financial stress, which is the most destructive. It is experienced by those who have grown up in households where their parents regularly 30 and fought about money. Money therefore becomes a stressful topic, and so the thought of sitting down and planning is an unattractive 31 .
  Those suffering inherited financial anxiety 32 to follow one of two patterns. Either they put their head in the sand, they would 33 examining their financial statements, budgeting, and discussing financial matters with those closest to them. Alternatively, they would go to the other 34, and micro-analyze everything, to the point of complete 35 . They’re convinced that whatever decision they make will be the wrong one.

A. appearance
B. argued
C. avoid
D. considerable
E. definitely
F. extreme
G. inaction
H. incredibly
I. normal
J. possibly
K.proposition
L. rebelled
M. statement
N. tend
O. traditional

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Doctor's orders：Let children just play

A. Imagine a drug that could enhance a child’s creativity and critical thinking. Imagine that this drug were simple to make, safe to take, and could be had for free. The nation’s leading pediatricians (儿科医生) say this miracle compound exists. In a new clinical report, they are urging doctors to prescribe it liberally to the children in their care.

B. “This may seem old-fashioned, but there are skills to be learned when kids aren’t told what to do,” said Dr. Michael Yogman, a Harvard Medical School pediatrician who led the drafting of the call to arms. Whether it’s rough physical play, outdoor play or pretend play, kids derive important lessons from the chance to make things up as they go, he said.

C. The advice, issued Monday by the American Academy of Pediatrics, may come as a shock to some parents. After spending years fretting ( ;l:yf ·tit) over which toys to buy, which apps to download and which skill-building programs to send their kids to after school, letting them simply play-or better yet, playing with them-could seem like a step backward. The pediatricians insist that it’s not. The academy’s guidance does not include specific recommendations for the dosing of play. Instead, it asks doctors to advise parents before their babies turn two that play is essential to healthy development.

D. “Play is not silly behavior,” the academy’s report declares. It fosters children’s creativity, cooperation, and problem-solving skills-all of which are critical for a 2lst-century workforce. When parents engage in play with their children, it builds a wall against the harmful effects of all kinds of stress, including poverty, the academy says. In the pediatricians’view, essentially every life skill that’s valued in adults can be built up with play. “Collaboration, negotiation, decision-making, creativity, leadership, and increased physical activity are just some of the skills and benefits children gain through play,” they wrote. The pediatricians’ appeal comes as kids are being squeezed by increasing academic demands at school and the constant invasion of digital media.

E. The trends have been a long time coming. Between 1981 and 1997, detailed time-use studies showed that the time children spent at play declined by 25 percent. Since the adoption of sweeping education reforms in 2001, public schools have steadily increased the amount of time devoted to preparing for standardized tests. The focus on academic “skills and drills” has cut deeply into recess (课间休息) and other time for free play.

F. By 2009, a study of Los Angeles kindergarten classrooms found that five-year-olds were so burdened with academic requirements that they were down to an average of just 19 minutes per day of “choice time,” when they were permitted to play freely with blocks, toys or other children. One in four Los Angeles teachers reported there was no time at all for "free play. " Increased academic pressures have left 30 percent of U.S. kindergarten classes without any recess. Such findings prompted the American Academy of Pediatrics to issue a policy statement in 2013 on the "crucial role of recess in school. "

G. Pediatricians aren’t the only ones who have noticed. Tn a report titled “Crisis in the Kindergarten,” a group of educators, health professionals and child advocates called the loss of play in early childhood ''a tragedy, both for the children themselves and for our nation and the world. " Kids in play-based kindergartens “end up equally good or better at reading and other intellectual skills, and they are more likely to become well-adjusted healthy people,” the Alliance for Childhood said in 2009. Indeed, new research demonstrates why playing with blocks might have been time better spent, Yogman said. The trial assessed the effectiveness of anearly mathematics intervention (干预) aimed at preschoolers. The results showed almost no gains in math achievement.

H. Another playtime thief: the growing proportion of kids’ time spent in front of screens and digital devices, even among preschoolers. Last year, Common Sense Media reported that children up through age eight spent an average of two hours and 19 minutes in front of screens each day, including an average of 42 minutes a day for those under two. This increase of digital use comes with rising risks of obesity, sleep deprivation and cognitive (认知的) , language and social-emotional delays, the American Academy of Pediatrics warned in 2016.

I. “I respect that parents have busy lives and it’s easy to hand a child an iPhone,” Yogman said. "But there’s a cost to that. For young children, it’s much too passive. And kids really learn better when they’re actively engaged and have to really discover things. "

J. The decline of play is a special hazard for the roughly 1 in 5 children in the United States who live in poverty. These 14 million children most urgently need to develop the resilience(韧劲) that is cultivated with play. Instead, Yogman said, they are disproportionately affected by some of the trends that are making play scarce: academic pressures at schools that need to improve test scores, outside play areas that are limited or unsafe, and parents who lack the time or energy to share in playtime.

K. Yogman also worries about the pressures that squeeze playtime for more affluent kids. “The notion that as parents we need to schedule every minute of their time is not doing them a great service,” he said. Even well-meaning parents may be "robbing them of the opportunity to have that joy of discovery and curiosity-the opportunity to find things out on their own. "

L. Play may not be a hard sell to kids. But UCLA pediatrician Carlos Lerner acknowledged that the pediatricians’ new prescription may meet with skepticism（怀疑）from parents, who are anxious for advice on how to give their kids a leg up in the world. They should welcome the simplicity of the message, Lerner said. “It’s liberating to be able to offer them this advice: that you spending time with your child and letting him play is one of the most valuable things you can do,” he said. "It doesn’t have to involve spending a lot of money or time, or joining a parenting group. It’s something we can offer that’s achievable. They just don’t recognize it right now as particularly valuable. "

36. Increased use of digital devices steals away children’s playtime.
37. Since the beginning of this century, an increasing amount of time has been shifted in public schools from recess to academic activities.
38. It has been acknowledged that while kids may welcome pediatricians’ recommendation, their parents may doubt its feasibility.
39. According to some professionals, deprivation of young children’s playtime will do harm not only to children themselves but to the country and the world.
40. By playing with children, parents can prevent them from being harmed by stress.
41. Playing with digital devices discourages kids from active discovery, according to pediatrician Dr. Michael Yogman.
42. The suggestion of letting children simply play may sound like going backwards to parents who want to help build their children’s skills.
43. Dr. Michael Yogman believes the idea that parents should carefully schedule children’s time may not be helpful to their growth.
44. One quarter of teachers in an American city said that children in kindergartens had no time for playing freely.
45. According to a pediatrician, no matter what kind of play children engage in, they are learning how to create things.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre .

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to change their weight with diets, gym memberships and plastic surgery.
  Trying to live up to the images of '‘perfect" models and movie heroes has a dark side, anxiety, depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain. It also has a financial cost. Having an eating disorder boosts annual health care costs by nearly US$ 2,000 per person.
  Why is there both external and internal pressure to look “perfect”? One reason is that society rewards people who are thin and healthy-looking. Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one.
  While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question. Does a person’s own perception of body image matter to earnings and other indicators of success in the workplace?
  Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.
  As in other research, women in our sample tend to over-perceive their weight they think they’re heavier than they are-while men tend to under-perceive theirs.
  We found no relationship between the average person’s self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes, although self-perceived weight can influence self-esteem （自尊心）, mental health and health behaviors.
  While the continued gender penalty in the tabor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.
  Since employers’ perception of weight is what matters in the tabor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.

2020-09-01-46.—推理判断题—难—定位难，没有关键字—答案同义替换也难，“image形象"替换为"appearance外表”，or“images of ''perfect"“完美”的形象”替换为“expectation of appearance外观期望”

2020-09-01-46.—推理判断题—难—因为该题定位难，可以先把剩下五题的定位句从全文中圈出来（本文是“加粗”），倒推出定位段时第二段

46. What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?【原文：Trying to live up to the images of ''perfect" models and movie heroes has a dark side, anxiety, depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain.】
    A. Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.
    B. Imitating the lifestyles of heroes and role models.
    C. Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost.
    D. Attempting to meet society’s expectation of appearance.

46.根据作者所说，什么可能会对人们产生负面影响？
A. 为了追求美而接受整形手术。 
B. 模仿英雄和榜样的生活方式。 
C. 不考虑财务成本，力求完美。
D. 试图满足社会对外表的期望。

定位：
由题干中的 adverse impact 定位到第二段第一句：Trying to live up to the images of “perfect” models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety, depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain.

详解：
推理判断题。文章第二段第一句指出，力求达到模特和电影英雄式的完美形象具有不良的影响，会导致一系列问题。 由此可见，试图满足社会对外表的期望会产生负面影响，故答案为D。

干扰项排除：
A 项中提到的整形手术只是追求完美体型的一种方式，和 D 项相比，不够全面，故排除A 项；
第二段第一句只是提到力求达到模特和电影英雄式的完美形象，并未提及模仿他们的生活方式的内容，故排除 B 项；
定位句只提到追求完美形象的问题，且全文都只是围绕体型进行探讨，C 项中的 perfection 意义太宽泛，与文章内容不符，故排除。

2020-09-01-47.—事实细节题—易—定位句同义替换，“earn"替换为"income”—答案同义替换"body mass"替换为"body weight and shape".

47. What have researchers found out about people’s earnings?【原文：Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one.】
    A. They are closely related to people’s social status.
    B. They have to do with people’s body weight and shape.
    C. They seem to matter much less to men than to women.
    D. They may not be equal to people’s contributions.

47.关于人们的收入,研究人员发现了什么?
A. 它们与人们的社会地位密切相关。
B. 它们与人的体重和体型有关。
C. 它们对男性来说似乎不如对女性重要。
D. 它们可能不等同于人们的贡献。

定位：
由题干中的 people’s earmings 定位到第三段第三句：Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income.

详解：
事实细节题。文章第三段第三句提到，研究人员发现，体重指数与工资和收人有关，由此可知，人们的收入与体重和体型有关，故答案为 B。

干扰项排除：
文章中没有提到社会地位和收人的关系，故排除 A 项；文章第三段第四、五句指出体重对女性收人的影响较男性更明显一些，并不是说收人对男性不重要，故排除 C 项；D 项中提及的贡献问题文中没有提到，故排除。

2020-09-01-48.—推理判断题—难—选项CD类似，必出一个答案，但是答案在定位句上面，不是下面

48. What does the author’s recent study focus on?【原文：While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question. Does a person’s own perception of body image matter to earnings and other indicators of success in the workplace?
      Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.】
    A. Previous literature on indicators of competitiveness in the workplace.
    B. Traits that matter most in one’s pursuit of success in the labor market.
    C. Whether self-perception of body image impacts one’s workplace success.
    D. How bosses’ perception of body image impacts employees’ advancement.

48.作者最近的研究重点是什么?
A. 先前关于职场竞争力指标的文献。
B. 职场上追求成功最重要的品质。
C. 对身体形象的自我认知是否会影响一个人的职场成功。
D. 老板对身体形象的认知如何影响员工的进步。

定位：
由题干中的 the author’s recent study focus on定位到第五段：Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.

详解：
推理判断题。文章第五段指出，作者团队最近公布的研究回答了这个问题，因此应从上一段找出这个问题是什么。显然，第四段最后一句就是作者的研究重点，即一个人对自己身体形象的看法是否会影响他的收人和其他职场中成功的指标，故答案为C 。

干扰项排除：
文章第四段第一句指出，虽然研究文献清楚地表明劳动力市场的成功在一定程度上取决于雇主和顾客对你身体形象的看法，但没有人探究过这个问题的另一面，而这才是作者研究的重点，因此排除 A；B 项在文中未提及，故排除；由第四段第一句可以看出 D项所述是前人已经研究过的而非作者的研究重点，故排除。

2020-09-01-49.—事实细节题—难—干扰项A出现了定位句中几个关键词

2020-09-01-49.—推理判断题—难—选项A原词复现+同义替换，但实际没有同义替换—正确选项没有原词复现，需要读懂定位句才能推理出来

49. What is the finding of the author’s recent research?【原文：While the continued gender penalty in the tabor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.】
    A. Being overweight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees.
    B. People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weight.
    C. Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequality in the workplace.
    D. Gender inequality continues to frustrate a lot of female employees.

49.作者最近的研究发现是什么?
A. 事实上,超重并不会对员工的总体幸福造成太大伤害。
B. 人们在工作场所不会因为对自己体重的错误认知而受到不良影响。
C. 自尊有助于防止职场中的性别不平等。
D. 性别不平等继续使许多女雇员感到沮丧。

定位：
由题干中的 finding of the author’s recent research 定位到第八段：While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.

详解：
事实细节题。文章第八段提到，尽管劳动力市场上持续存在性别歧视，但作者的研究发现，对体重的错误认知并不会对劳动者造成伤害，故答案为B 。

干扰项排除：
文中未提及超重对员工总体幸福的影响，故排除 A 项；
文章第七段提到，对于体重的自我认知会形响自尊心，并未提及自尊心是否有助于防止职场中的性别不平等，故排除 C项；
D 项所述是现实情况，并非作者的研究发现，故排除。

2020-09-01-50.—推理判断题—难—定位词两个词出现在A，D，但是整个句子都改动很大，需要读懂后才能推理出来

50. What does the author think would help improve the situation in the labor market?【原文：Since employers’ perception of weight is what matters in the tabor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.】
    A. Banning discrimination on the basis of employees’ body image.
    B. Expanding protection of women against gender discrimination.
    C. Helping employees change their own perception of beauty.
    D. Excluding body shape as a category in the labor contract.【出现两个原词复现，加上有同义替换“body type”和“body shape”，很容易误选】

50.作者认为什么有助于改善劳动力市场的状况?
A. 禁止基于员工身体形象的歧视。
B. 扩大保护，使妇女免受性别歧视:
C. 帮助员工改变自己对美的看法。
D. 在劳动合同中把体型类别排除在外。

定位：
由题干中的 help improve the situation定位到最后一段第一句：Since employers’ perception of weight is what matters in the labor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help.

详解：
推理判断题。最后一段第一句指出，由于雇主对体重的看法是影响劳动力市场的重要因素因此修改反歧视法规，将体型加人其中作为一个类别，将会有所帮助。由此可见，禁止对员工身体形象的歧视将有助于改善现状，故答案为A 。

干扰项排除：
文章最后一段指出，要扩大保护，禁止对体重体型的歧视，并未提及性别歧视，故排除B 项；C 项文中未提及，故排除；D 项涉及劳动合同的内容，文章没有提到，故排除。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  The work-life balance is dead. By this, I’m not advocating that you should give up your pursuit of having a fulfilling career and a thriving personal life, and I’m definitely not saying that you have to give up one to have the other. I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem, but I’m arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful, because it’s too limiting. You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.
  At the minimum, most of us work because we want to be able to support ourselves, our families, and the people around us. In the ideal world, we’re all doing work that we’re proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us. But even if your job doesn’t give you shivers of joy each new day, working is a part of what each of us does and the contribution we make to society. When you separate work and life,it’s a little bit harder to make that connection. But when you think of work as part of a full life and a complete experience, it becomes easier to see that success in one aspect often supports another.
  Losing your balance and falling isn’t pleasant. A goal to balance suggests that things could quickly get off balance, and that causes terrible outcomes.It’s more constructive to think of solutions that continue to evolve over shifts in life and work. Rather than falling or failing, you may have good days or better days or not-so-good days. These variations are normal, and it’s more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing, rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.
  How we talk to ourselves matters, and how we talk about issues makes a difference. Let’s bury “work-life balance” and think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment to do a little less balancing and a lot more living.

2020-09-01-51.—推理判断题—易—选项BD都有关键字fulfiiling career，但是but字后面是重点，have never been helpful替换为contribute little to.

2020-09-01-51.—推理判断题—易—第一：从定位句紧接的句子中，确认有原词复现的为选项BD，出现“fulfilling”；第二：从定位段的最后一句中，确认选项D原词复现“the concept of work-life”，选项D出现两次原词复现，优先选

51. What does the author suggest by saying “The work-life balance is dead”?【原文：The work-life balance is dead. By this, I’m not advocating that you should give up your pursuit of having a fulfilling career and a thriving personal life, and I’m definitely not saying that you have to give up one to have the other. I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem, but I’m arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful, because it’s too limiting.】
    A. The hope of achieving a thriving life is impossible to realize.
    B. The pursuit of a fulfilling career involves personal sacrifice.
    C. The imbalance between work and life simply doesn’t exist anymore.
    D. The concept of work-life balance contributes little to a fulfilling life.

51.作者说 ”工作与生活平衡的说法已经消亡”，表明什么？
A. 实现蒸蒸日上的生活的希望是不可能实现的。
B. 对事业有成的追求涉及自我牺牲。
C. 工作和生活的失衡不再存在。
D. 工作与生活平衡的概念对充满成就的生活几乎作用不大。

【定位】
由题干中的work-life balance is dead定位到第一 段第一 句：The work-life balance is dead.

【详解】
推理判断题。文章第一 句指出，工作与生活平衡的说法已经消亡。因此，本句话的具体涵义可在下文找到， 第三句中提到平衡的概念从来没有什么帮助，因为它太局限了。选项D 中的contributes little和原文中的has never been helpful相对应 ，故答案为D。

【干扰项排除】
A 项文章未提及，故排除；第一段第二句中作者说到，我绝对不是说你必须放弃一个才能拥有另一个， 由此可见，作者并不认为事业有成需要自我牺牲，故排除B 项；C 项和题干内容矛盾，故排除。

2020-09-01-52.—事实细节题—易—找“原词复现”和“同义替换”—从定位句紧接的句子中，找到选项A有原词复现“think”和同义替换"affect thinking影响思考"替换为"impact think影响思考"

52. What does the author say about our use of language?【原文：I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem, but I’m arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful, because it’s too limiting. You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.】
    A. It impacts how we think and behave.
    B. It changes with the passage of time.
    C. It reflects how we communicate.
    D. It differs from person to person.

52.作者如何看待我们对语言的使用？
A 它影响我们如何思考和行动。 
B 它随着时间推移而改变。 
C 它反映我们如何交流。
D 它因人而异。

【定位】
由题干中的language定位到第一段末句： You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.

【详解】
事实细节题。文章第一段末句提到，我们的语言很重要，我们如何谈及事物很重要，因为它影响我们的思维和行动，故答案为 A。

【干扰项排除】
B、C、D三项在文中均未提及，故排除。

2020-09-01-53.—事实细节题—出现两个类似的选项，优先看—哦吼，但是这题不是，but字后面是重点，留意not挖坑点

2020-09-01-53.—细节辨认题—难—第一：先找原词复现，选项BC具有原词复现；第二：找同义替换，发现选项B跟原文少了“not”，排除；选项C跟原文意思一样，符合同义替换，选他。

53. What does the author say we do in an ideal world?【原文：In the ideal world, we’re all doing work that we’re proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us. But even if your job doesn’t give you shivers of joy each new day, working is a part of what each of us does and the contribution we make to society.】
    A. We do work that betters the lives of our families and friends.
    B. We do work that gives us bursts of joy each new day.
    C. We do meaningful work that contributes to society.
    D. We do demanding work that brings our capacity into full play.

53.作者如何看待我们在理想世界中做的事？
A 我们的工作是改善我们的家人和朋友的生活的。
B 我们所做的工作让我们每个新的一天都充满欢乐。
C 我们做一些对社会有意义的工作。
D 我们做要求高的工作，充分发挥我们的能力。

【定位】
由题干中的in an ideal world定位到第二段第二句：In the ideal world, we’re all doing work that we’re proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us.

【详解】
事实细节题。文章第二段第二句指出，在理想的世界里，我们都在做我们引以为豪的工作，这些工作为我们提供意义和目标。下文由 but 引出的句子对意义进行进一步解释，即工作也是我们每个人所做的事情的一部分，也是我们对社会所做贡献的一部分，故答案为 C。

【干扰项排除】
A 项中提到改善家人和朋友的生活，可对应文章第二段第一句，但此处是对现实生活的描述，而非理想状况，因此排除A 项；
第二段第三句前半句提到，即使你的工作并没有让你在新的一天里开心到抖动起来，说明我们的工作并不能让我们每天都快乐，故排除B 项；
D 项文章未提及，故排除。

2020-09-01-54.—细节辨认题—易—定位句的同义替换"say about life"替换为"think of life"—选项同义替换“changing”替换为“dynamic”

54. What does the author say about life?【原文：These variations are normal, and it’s more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing, rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.】
    A. It is cyclical.
    B. It is dynamic.
    C. It is fulfilling.
    D. It is risky.

54.作者是如何看待生活的？
A 它是循环的。 
B 它是动态的。 
C 它是充实的。
D 它是冒险的。

【定位】
由题干中的say about life定位到文章第三段末句：These variations are normal, and it’s more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing, rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.

【详解】
事实细节题。定位句中的think of life as对应题干中的say about life, evolving and changing 意为 “进化和 改变”，其意义和选项 B 中的dynamic"动态的“对应，故答案为 B。

【干扰项排除】
A 项文中未提及，故排除；C 项中的fulfilling出现在文中第一 段，意为 “有成就感的，令人满意的"'形容事业有成，和生活无关，也并非作者的主观观点，故排除C项；
D 项中的risky可对应定位句中的high-risk，但其出现在rather than之后，说明这是作者不认同的观点，故排除D项 。

2020-09-01-55.—细节辨认题—难—定位处同义替换“advise do建议做”替换为“Let让去做”—答案同义替换难，容易误选C

2020-09-01-55.—细节辨认题—难—第一：确认定位句，定位处同义替换“advise do建议做”替换为“Let让去做”—第二：找“原词复现”，选项BCD均出现—第三：找“同义替换”，选项D有明显的同义替换“fulfiiling”替换为“fulfillment”，或者说只是单词格式变化而已，不算原词复现

55. What does the author advise us to do?【原文：Let’s bury “work-life balance” and think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment to do a little less balancing and a lot more living.】
    A. Make life as simple as possible.
    B. Talk about balance in simpler terms.
    C. Balance life and work in a new way.
    D. Strive for a more fulfilling life.

55.作者建议我们做什么？
A. 让生活尽可能地简单化 。 
B. 用更简单的术语来谈论平衡。 
C. 用一种新的方式来平衡工作和生活。
D. 为一种更令人满意的生活而奋斗。

【定位】
由题干中的advise 定位到最后一 段第二句：Let’s bury “work-life balance” and think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment to do a little less balancing and a lot more living.

【详解】
事实细节题。定位句指出，让我们埋葬“ 工作与生活平衡 ” 的想法，从大处着眼，更好地思考如何让工作和生活充实起来，少做一点平衡，多感受生活，选项D 中的fulfilling 对应定位句中的fulfillment，故答案为D。

Part IV Translation ( 30 minutes)

Directions： For this part, you are allowed 80 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

  茅台(Moutai)是中国最有名的白酒，在新中国成立前夕，被选为国宴用酒。
  据说赤水沿岸的村民四千年前就开始酿造茅台。在西汉时期，那里的人们生产出了高质量的茅台，并把它贡给皇帝。自唐朝开始，这种地方酒通过海上丝绸之路运往海外。
  茅台味道柔和，有一种特殊的香味；适量饮用可以帮助缓解疲劳，有镇静作用，因而广受国内外消费者的喜爱。