2020 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）——解析版

🏠个人主页：fo安方的博客✨
💂个人简历：大家好，我是fo安方，目前中南大学MBA在读，也考取过HCIE Cloud Computing、CCIE Security、PMP、CISP、RHCE、CCNP RS、PEST 3等证书。🐳
💕兴趣爱好：b站天天刷，题目常常看，运动偶尔做，学习需劳心，寻觅些乐趣。🎐
💅欢迎大家：这里是CSDN，是我记录我的日常学习，偶尔生活的地方，喜欢的话请一键三连，有问题请评论区讨论。🌺
🥣导读页：这是英语~英语四级考试所有专栏的导航页→英语—四级CET4，记得收藏哟，阅读无烦恼。🌊
🥣专栏：欢迎订阅→英语~四级CET4考试——入栏需看，考试不迷路！🌊
🐥希望本文能够给读者带来一定的帮助~🌸文章粗浅，敬请批评指正！🐥

2020年12月大学英语四级考试真题（一）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Education . You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

Section A

.
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once . After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (1) A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the Mediterranean,warn scientists.The International Union for Conservation of Nature has raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey,Cyprus,and the eastern Mediterranean. Native to the South Pacific and Indian Ocean,the potentially deadly fish has poisonous hooks and a painful sting capable of killing people. Although fatalities are rare,the stings can cause extreme pain and stop people breathing.The fish,often known as Devil Firefish,is a highly invasive species,(2)and environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life. After being spotted in the Mediterranean,a marine scientist says,“The fish is spreading,and that’s a cause for concern."

2020-12-01-01.—开头第一二句—原词复现三个，但是顺序的乱的

1. A. Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.
   B. The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.
   C. Invasive species are driving away certain native species.
   D. A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.

1. A.很多人被魔鬼萤火虫袭击过。
B.地中海是魔鬼萤火虫的自然栖息地。
C.入侵物种正在赶走某些本地物种。
D.在地中海水域发现了一种致命的鱼。

1.What is reported in the news?
D【精析】主旨大意题。新闻开头为主旨句，指出一种带刺的有毒鱼类正在入侵地中海水域，其毒性足以致人死亡。接下来新闻提到这种鱼类的原产地，并指出这种鱼正在地中海水域扩散，令人担忧。由此可知，新闻围绕在地中海水域发现的致命鱼类而展开。

2020-12-01-02.—结尾第二句—原词复现一个“marine”

2. A. It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.
   B. It could pose a threat to other marine species.
   C. It could disrupt the food chains there.
   D. It could add to greenhouse emissions.

2. A.它会严重污染周围的水域。
B.它可能对其他海洋物种构成威胁。
C.它可能会破坏那里的食物链。
D.它可能增加温室气体排放。

2.What is the environmentalist concerned about the spread of Devil Firefish in the Mediterranean?
B【精析】细节辨认题。新闻末尾提到，海洋专家称魔鬼火鱼正在地中海水域扩散，环保主义者担心这种鱼的到来可能危及其他的海洋生物。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (3-1)Almost half the center of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday to mark World Car-Free Day. (4) This is in response to rising air pollution that made Paris the most polluted city in the world for a brief time.Mayor Anne Hidalgo promoted the first World Car-Free Day last year. Hidalgo also has supported a“Paris Breathes”day.On the first Sunday of every month,Paris clears traffic from eight lanes of the main road.(3-2)About 400 miles of streets will be closed to cars. It is expected to bring significant reduction in pollution levels.Last year’s car-free day showed a 40 percent drop in pollution levels in some parts of the city,according to an independent air pollution monitor,reports The Guardian—and sound levels dropped by 50 percent in the city’s center.

2020-12-01-03.—开头第一句—原词复现两个“half”、“car”

3. A. Cars will not be allowed to enter the city.
   B. Pedestrians will have free access to the city.
   C. About half of its city center will be closed to cars.
   D. Buses will be the only vehicles allowed on its streets.

3. A.汽车将不允许进入城市。
B.行人可以自由进出城市。
C.大约一半的市中心将禁止汽车通行。
D.公交车将是唯一允许上路的交通工具。

3.What will happen on World Car-Free Day in Paris?
C【精析】细节辨认题。新闻开头提到，为纪念世界无车日，本周日巴黎市中心大约一半的道路仅允许步行或骑自行车通行。大约400英里的街道将禁止汽车通行。

2020-12-01-04.—开头第二三句—原词复现两个“Paris”、“pollution”

4. A. The unbearable traffic noise.
   B. The worsening global warming.
   C. The ever-growing cost of petrol.
   D. The rising air pollution in Paris.

4. A.难以忍受的交通噪音。
B.日益恶化的全球变暖。
C.不断上涨的汽油价格。
D.巴黎日益严重的空气污染。

4.What motivated the mayor of Paris to promote the first World Car-Free Day in her city?
D【精析】细节辨认题。新闻提到，为了应对日益严重的空气污染，巴黎市长去年推广了首个世界无车日。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard

  (5) A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations. Then a good luck charm that he had kept under his bed changed his life.The unidentified man had fished out a giant pearl from the ocean when his anchor got stuck on the rock while sailing off the coastal island in the Philippines ten years ago.(6)When he was forced to sell it,(7) the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesca told him that the 77-pound giant pearl that he’d kept hidden in his run-down wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world,which was valued at 76 million pounds. The pearl of Allah which is currently on display in a New York museum only weighs 14 pounds.That is 5 times smaller than the pearl that the fisherman just handed in.The monstrous pearl measured at one foot wide and 2.2 feet long is going to be verified by local experts and international authorities before hopefully going on display to attract more tourists in the little town.

2020-12-01-05.—开头第一句—原词复现两个“house”、“fire”

5. A. His house was burnt down in a fire.
   B. Many of his possessions were stolen.
   C. His good luck charm sank into thesea.
   D. His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.

5. A.他的房子在一场大火中被烧毁了。
B.他的许多财产被偷了。
C.他的好运符沉入了大海。
D.他的渔船触礁了。

5.What happened to the Philippine fisherman one day?
A【精析】细节推断题。新闻开头提到，一位菲律宾渔民感到不幸，因为房屋大火迫使他清理财产并搬家。由此推断，他的房子被大火烧毁了。

2020-12-01-06.—开头第四句—原词复现一个“Sell”不好听到吧

6. A. Change his fishing locations.
   B. Find a job in a travel agency.
   C. Sell the pearl he had kept for years.
   D. Spend a few nights on a small island.

6. A.改变他的钓鱼地点。
B.在旅行社找份工作。
C.卖掉他收藏多年的珍珠。
D.在一个小岛上度过几个晚上。

6.What was the fisherman forced to do?
C【精析】细节辨认题。新闻中提到，十年前渔民在菲律宾海岛沿岸捕鱼时打捞上来一颗大珍珠，后来被迫卖掉。

2020-12-01-07.—开头第五句—原词复现一个“pearl”，报告听不到

7. A. His pearl could be displayed in a museum.
   B. His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.
   C. The largest pearl in the world weighs 14 pounds.
   D. A New York museum has the world’s biggest pearl.

7. A.他的珍珠可以在博物馆里展出。
B.他那颗巨大的珍珠极其珍贵。
C.世界上最大的珍珠重14磅。
D.纽约博物馆有世界上最大的珍珠。

7.What did the fisherman learn from the tourist agent?
B【精析】细节辨认题。新闻提到，当渔民被迫卖掉珍珠的时候，旅游代理商非常震惊，告诉渔民他藏在家里的珍珠是世界上最大的珍珠，它非常值钱。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear twolong conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A. It boasts a fairly long history.
   B. It has over 50 business partners.
   C. It has 75 offices around the world.
   D. It produces construction materials.

9. A. It was started by his father.
   B. It has about 50 employees.
   C. It is over 100 years old.
   D. It is a family business.

10. A. Outdated product design.
    B. Loss of competitive edge.
    C. Shortage of raw material supply.
    D. Legal disputes in many countries.

11. A. Introducing innovative marketing strategies.
    B. Seeking new ways .to increase its exports.
    C. Providing training for its staff members.
    D. Conducting a financial analysis for it.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A. She is a real expert at house decorations.
    B. She is really impressed by the man’s house.
    C. She is well informed about the design business.
    D. She is attracted by the color of the sitting room.

13. A. From a construction businessman.
    B. From his younger brother Greg.
    C. From home design magazines.
    D. From aprofional interior designer.

14. A. The cost was affordable.
    B. The style was fashionable.
    C. The effort was worthwhile.
    D. The effect was unexpected.

15. A. She’d like him to talk with Jonathan about a new project.
    B. She’d like to show him around her newly-renovated house.
    C. She wants to discuss the house decoration budget with him.
    D. She wants him to share his renovation experience with her.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A. Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.
    B. Doing research on ear, nose and throat diseases.
    C. Removing objects from patients’ noses and ears.
    D. Providing routine care for small children.

17. A. Children aged one to four are often more curious than older children.
    B. Five- to nine-year-olds are the most likely to put things in their ears.
    C. Many children like to put foreign objects in their mouths.
    D. Many children like to smell things they find or play with.

18. A. They want to attract attention.
    B. They tend to act out of impulse.
    C. They are unaware of the potential risks.
    D. They are curious about these body parts.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A. It gave her a used bicycle.
    B. It paid for her English lessons.
    C. It delivered her daily necessities.
    D. It provided her with physical therapy.

20. A. Expanding bike-riding lessons.
    B. Providing free public transport.
    C. Offering walking tours to visitors.
    D. Asking local people for donations.

21. A. It is a sports club.
    B. It is a language school.
    C. It is a counseling center.
    D. It is a charity organizadon.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A. How animals deal with lack of gravity.
    B. How mice interact in a new environment.
    C. How low gravity affects the human body.
    D. How mice imitate human behavior in space.

23. A. They found the space in the cage too small to stay in.
    B. They found it difficult to figure out where they were.
    C. They were not used to the low-gravity environment.
    D. They were not sensitive to the changed environment.

24. A. They continued to behave as they did in the beginning.
    B. They already felt at home in the new environment.
    C. They had found a lot more activities to engage in.
    D. They tried everything possible to escape from the cage.

25. A. They changed their routines in space.
    B. They began to eat less after some time.
    C. They behaved as if they were on Earth.
    D. They repeated their activities every day.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: Jn this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the co"esponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
  Trust is fundamental to life. If you can’t trust anything, life becomes intolerable. You can’t have relationships without trust, let alone good ones.
  In the workplace, too, trust is 26 . An organization without trust will be full of fear and 27 . If you work for a boss who doesn’t trust their employees to do things right, you’ll have a 28 time. They’ll be checking up on you all the time, correcting “mistakes” and 29 reminding you to do this or that. Colleagues who don’t trust one another will need to spend more time 30 their backs than doing any useful work.
  Organizations are always trying to cut costs. Think of all the additional tasks caused by lack of trust.Audit (审计) departments only exist because of it. Companies keep large volumes of 31 because they don’t trust their suppliers, their contractors or their customers. Probably more than half of all administrative work is only there because of an ever-existing sense that "you can’t trust anyone these days. " If even a small part of such valueless work could be 32 , the savings would run into millions of dollars.
  All this is extra work we 33 onto ourselves because we don’t trust people——the checking,following through, doing things ourselves because we don’t believe others will do them 34 or at all. If we took all that away, how much extra time would we suddenly find in our life? How much of otir work 35 would disappear?

A. constantly
B. credible
C. essential
D. exploring
E. gather
F. load
G. miserable
H. pressure
I. properly
J. records
K. removed
L. stacks
M. suspicion
N. tracked
O. watching

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph .more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2?

The Place Where the Poor Once Thrived

A. This is the land of opportunity. If that weren’t already implied by the landscape—rolling green hills, palm trees, sun-kissed flowers-then it’s evident in the many stories of people who grew up poor in these sleepy neighborhoods and rose to enormous success. People like TriTran, who fled Vietnam on a boat in 1986, showed up in San Jose with nothing, made it to MIT,and then founded the food-delivery start-up Munchery, which is valued at $ 300 million.

B. Indeed, data suggests that this is one of the best places to grow up poor-in America. A child born in the early 1980s into a low-income family in San Jose had a 12. 9 percent chance of becoming a high earner as an adult, according to a landmark study released in 2014 by the economist Raj Chetty and his colleagues from Harvard and Berkeley. That number-12.9 percent-may not seem remarkable, but it was: Kids in San Jose whose families fell in the bottom quintile (五分位数) of income nationally had the best shot in the country at reaching the top quintile.

C. By contrast, just 4. 4 percent of poor kids in Charlotte moved up to the top; in Detroit the figure was 5. 5 percent. San Jose had social mobility comparable to Denmark’s and Canada’s and higher than other progressive cities such as Boston and Minneapolis.

D. The reasons kids in San Jose performed so well might seem obvious. Some of the world’s most innovative companies are located here, providing opportunities such as the one seized by a 12-year-old Mountain View resident named Steve Jobs when he called William Hewlett to ask for spare parts and subsequently received a summer job. This is a city of immigrants 38 percent of the city’s population today is foreign-born-and immigrants and their children have historically experienced significant upward mobility in America. The city has long had a large foreign-born population (26. 5 percent in 1990), leading to broader diversity, which, the Harvard .and Berkeley economists say, is a good predictor of mobility.

E. Indeed, the streets of San Jose seem, in some ways, to embody the best of America. It’s possible to drive in a matter of minutes from sleek (光亮的) office towers near the airport where people pitch ideas to investors, to· single-family homes with orange trees in their yards, or to a Vietnamese mall. The libraries here offer programs in 17 languages, and there are areas filled with small businesses owned by Vietnamese immigrants, Mexican immigrants, Korean immigrants, and Filipino immigrants, to name a few.

F. But researchers aren’t sure exactly why poor kids in San Jose did so well. The city has a low prevalence of children growing up in single-parent families, and a low level of concentrated poverty, both factors that usually mean a city allows for good intergenerational mobility. But San Jose also performs poorly on some of the measures correlated with good mobility. It is one of the most unequal places out of the 741 that the researchers measured, and it has high degrees of racial and economic segregation（隔离）. Its schools underperform based on how much money there is in the area, said Ben Scuderi, a predoctoral fellow at the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard, which uses big data to study how to improve economic opportunities for low-income children. “There’s a lot going on here which we don’t totally understand,” he said. “It’s interesting, because it kind of defies our expectations.”

G. The Chetty data shows that neighborhoods and places mattered for children born in the San Jose area of the 1980s. Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids today, though, is up for debate. Some of the indicators such as income inequality; measured by the Equality of Opportunity Project for the year 2000, have only worsened in the past 16 years.

H. Some San Jose residents say that as inequality has grown in recent years, upward mobility has become much more difficult to achieve. As Silicon Valley has become home to more successful companies, the flood of people to the area has caused housing prices to skyrocket. By most measures, San Jose is no longer a place where low-income, or even middle-income families, can afford to live. Rents in San Jose grew 42. 6 percent between 2006 and 2014, which was the largest increase in the country during that time period. The city has a growing homelessness problem, which it tried. to address by shutting down “The Jungle,” one of the largest homeless encampments （临时住地） in the nation, in 2014. Inequality is extreme. The Human Development Index-a measure of life expectancy, education and per capita , （人均的） income-gives East San Jose a score of 4. 85 out of 10, while nearby Cupertino, where Apple’s headquarters sits, receives a 9. 26. San Jose used to have a happy mix of factors-cheap housing, closeness to a rapidly developing industry, tightly-knit immigrant communities-that together opened up the possibility of prosperity for even its poorest residents. But in recent years, housing prices have skyrocketed, the region’s rich and poor have segregated, and middle-class jobs have disappeared. Given this, the future for the region’s poor doesn’t look nearly as bright as it once did.

I. Leaders in San Jose are determined to make sure that the city regains its status as a place where even poor kids can access the resources to succeed. With Silicon Valley in its backyard, it certainly has the chance to do so. “I think there is a broad consciousness in the Valley that we can do better than to leave thousands of our neighbors behind through a period of extraordinary success,” San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo said.

J. But in today’s America-a land of rising inequality, increasing segregation, and stagnating (不增长的) middle-class wages-can the San Jose region really once again become a place of opportunity?

K. The idea that those at the bottom can rise to the top is central to America’s ideas about itself. That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose raises questions about, the endurance of that foundational belief. After all, if the one-time land of opportunity can’t be fixed, what does that say for the rest of America?

36. According to some people living in San Jose, it has become much harder for the poor to get ahead due to the increased inequality.
37. In American history, immigrants used to have a good chance to move upward in society.
38. If the problems of San Jose can’t be solved, one of America’s fundamental beliefs about itself can be shaken.
39. San Jose was among the best cities in America for poor kids to move up the social ladder.
40. Whether poor kids in SanJose t05iay still have the chance to move upward is qu呤tionable.
41. San Jose’s officials are resolved to give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success in life.
42. San Jose appears to manifest some of the best features of America.
43. As far as social mobility is concerned, San Jose beat many other progressive cities in America.
44. Due to some changes like increase,s in housing prices in San Jose, the prospects for its poor people have dimmed.
45. Researchers do not have a clear idea why poor children in San Jose achieved such great success several decades ago.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Three children in every classroom have a diagnosable mental health condition. Half of these are behavioural disorders, while one third are emotional disorders such as stress, anxiety and depression, which often become outwardly apparent through self-harm. There was an astonishing 52 per cent jump in hospital admissions for children and young people who had harmed themselves between 2009 and 2015.
  Schools and teachers have consistently reported the scale of the problem since 2009. Last year, over half of teachers reported that more of. their pupils experience mental health problems than in the past. But teachers also consistently report how ill-equipped they feel to meet pupils’ mental health needs, and often cite a lack of training, expertise and support from the National Health Service (英国国家医疗服务体系) .【可以先把转折“But”圈出来，常出题处】
  Part of the reason for the increased pressure on schools is that there are now fewer ’ early intervention (干预) ’ and low-level mental health services based in the community. Cuts to local authority budgets since 2010 have resulted in a significant decline of these services, despite strong evidence of their effectiveness in preventing crises further down the line.
  The only way to break the pressures on both mental health services and schools is to reinvest in early intervention services inside schools.
  There are strong arguments for why schools are best placed to provide mental health services. Schools see young people more than any other service, which gives them a unique ability to get to hard-to-reach children and young people and build meaningful relationships with them over time. Recent studies have shown that children and young people largely prefer to see a counsellor in school rather than in an outside environment. Young people have reported that for low-level conditions such as stress and anxiety,a clinical setting can sometimes be daunting (令人却步的) .
  There are already,examples of innovative schools which combine mental health and wellbeing provision with a strong academic curriculum.This will, though, require a huge cultural shift. Politicians, policymakers, commissioners and school leaders must be brave enough to make the leap towards reimagining schools as providers of health as well as education services.

  每个教室都有三个孩子被诊断出有心理健康问题。其中一半是行为障碍，而三分之一是情绪障碍， 如紧张、焦虑和抑郁，这些症状往往通过自残变得从表面上看很明显。2009年至2015年间，孩子和年轻 人因自残而住院的人数猛增了52%，令人吃惊。
  自2009年以来，学校和老师一直在报告这个问题的严重程度。去年，超过半数的老师报告说，有心理健康问题的学生比过去更多。(46)但是，老师们也经常报告他们感觉自己在满足学生的心理健康需求方面能力欠缺，并且经常提到缺乏英国国家医疗服务体系的培训、专业知识和支持。
  学校压力增大的部分原因是，现在社区的“早期干预”和初级心理健康服务越来越少。(47)尽管有强有力的证据表明这些服务在防止危机进一步恶化方面是有效的，但自2010年以来，地方政府预算的削减导致了这些服务的大幅下降。
  减轻心理卫生服务和学校压力的唯一方法是重新投资学校内部的早期干预服务。
  对于为什么学校最适合提供心理健康服务，有强有力的论据。学校比其他任何公共服务系统都更关注年轻人，这使它们拥有一种独特的能力去接触难以接触的儿童和年轻人，并逐渐与他们建立有意义的关系。(48)(49)最近的研究表明，儿童和年轻人在很大程度上更喜欢在学校里找辅导员，而不是在校外。(49) 年轻人报告说，对于压力和焦虑等初级状况，临床环境有时会令人望而生畏。
  已经有一些创新学校的例子，它们将心理健康和福利保障与强大的学术课程相结合。(50)不过，这将需要巨大的文化转变。政治家、政策制定者、部长和学校领导必须有足够的勇气，向着将学校重新塑造为健康和教育服务提供者的方向飞跃。

2020-12-01-46.—细节辨认题—易—“mental health need"替换为"necessary … mental problem”

2020-12-01-46.—第一：通过“complain”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项D；第三：找同义替换，选项D"mental health need"替换为"necessary … mental problem"

46. What are teachers complaining about?【原文：But teachers also consistently report how ill-equipped they feel to meet pupils’ mental health needs, and often cite a lack of training, expertise and support from the National Health Service (英国国家医疗服务体系) .】
    A. There are too many students requiring special attention.
    B. They are under too much stress counselling needy students.
    C. Schools are inadequately equipped to implement any intervention.
    D. They lack the necessary resources to address pupils’mental problems.

46. 老师们在抱怨什么？
A.需要特别关照的学生太多了。
B.他们压力太大辅导贫困生。
C.学校没有足够的设备来实施任何干预。
D.他们缺乏必要的资源来解决学生的心理问题。

46.【定位】由题干中的teachers 和 complaining 定位到第二段最后一句。

D【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，老师们也经常报告他们感觉自己在满足学生的心理健康需求方面能力欠缺，并且经常提到缺乏英国国家医疗服务体系的培训、专业知识和支持。由此可见，老师们抱怨的是他们缺乏解决学生心理问题的必要资源，故答案为D “他们缺乏解决学生心理问题的必要资源”。

【避错】第二段第二句提到，去年，超过半数的老师报告说，有心理健康问题的学生比过去更多。并不是需要特别关注的学生数量多，故排除A “有太多需要特别关注的学生”。第二段第三句提到，老师们在满足学生的心理健康需求方面能力欠缺，在解决学生心理问题方面缺少必要资源，但并未提到老师在辅导需要关爱的学生方面压力太大，故排除B “他们在辅导需要关爱的学生方面承受了太大的压力”。第三、四段提到，学校在帮助学生应对心理健康问题方面压力增大，应加强学校内部的早期干预服务。换言之，学校可以通过实施干预措施来帮助学生，并非没有能力采取任何措施，故排除C “学校没有足够的能力来实施任何干预措施”。

2020-12-01-47.—推理判断题—易—同义替换—“cut to local authority budget削减本地财政预算"替换为"budget cuts预算削减”

2020-12-01-47.—第一：通过“health services”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项ABCD都有；第三：找同义替换，只有选项A，其他要么错宾语，要么错状语。

47. What do we learn from the passage about community health services in Britain?【原文：Part of the reason for the increased pressure on schools is that there are now fewer ’ early intervention (干预) ’ and low-level mental health services based in the community. Cuts to local authority budgets since 2010 have resulted in a significant decline of these services, despite strong evidence of their effectiveness in preventing crises further down the line.】
    A. They have deteriorated due to budget cuts.,
    B. They facilitate local residents’ everyday lives .
    C. They prove ineffective in helping mental patients .
    D. They cover preventative care for the local residents .

47. 关于英国的社区卫生服务，我们从文章中学到了什么？
A.由于预算削减，情况恶化了。
B.他们为当地居民的日常生活提供了便利。
C.他们在帮助精神病人方面被证明是无效的。
D.他们为当地居民提供预防保健。

47.【定位】由题干中的community health services定位到第三段。

A【精析】推理判断题。定位段第一句提到，现在社区的“早期干预”和初级心理健康服务越来越少，接下来在第二句分析了原因，自2010年以来，地方政府预算的削减导致了这些服务的大幅下降， 故答案为A “由于预算削减，它们情况恶化了”。

【避错】定位段提到这些服务在帮助学校应对学生心理健康问题方面的重要作用，但并未提及社区卫生服务对当地居民的影响，故排除 B “它们方便了当地居民的日常生活”。定位段第二句提到，有强有力的证据表明这些服务在帮助应对学生心理健康问题上有效，故排除C“事实证明，它们在帮助有心理问题的病人方面是无效的”。文中没有提到社区卫生服务对当地居民的预防性护理， 故排除D。

2020-12-01-48.—细节辨认题—定位句离答案好远，比较难找—比较词rather圈出来，可能出题

2020-12-01-48.—第一：通过“mental health services”定位；第二：找原词复现，只有选项B，优先选。

48. Where does the author suggest mental health services be placed?【原文：There are strong arguments for why schools are best placed to provide mental health services. Schools see young people more than any other service, which gives them a unique ability to get to hard-to-reach children and young people and build meaningful relationships with them over time. Recent studies have shown that children and young people largely prefer to see a counsellor in school rather than in an outside environment. Young people have reported that for low-level conditions such as stress and anxiety,a clinical setting can sometimes be daunting (令人却步的) .】【比较词rather圈出来，可能出题】
    A. At home.
    B. At school.
    C. In hospitals.
    D. In communities.

48. 提交人建议把精神卫生服务放在哪里？
A.在家里。
B.在学校。
C.在医院。
D.在社区中。

48.【定位】由题干中的mental health services 和 be placed 定位到第五段倒数第二句。

B 【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，最近的研究表明，儿童和年轻人在很大程度上更喜欢在学校里找辅导员，而不是在校外，故答案为B。

【避错】文章第五段最后两句指出，比起在校外，孩子和年轻人在很大程度上更喜欢在学校里看到辅导员。年轻人报告说，对于压力和焦虑等初级状况，临床环境有时会令人望而生畏。由此可知，青少年更喜欢在学校接受心理辅导，故可以排除A 、C和D 三项。

2020-12-01-49.—推理判断题—定位句是“rather than而不是”那一句，A rahter than B，A而不是B，A是重点—“see a counsellor in school"替换为"seek counselling in school”

2020-12-01-49.—第一：通过“Recent studies”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项BC；第三：找同义替换，优先从选项BC，找到选项C"see a counsellor in school"替换为"seek counselling in school"

49. What do we learn from the recent studies?【原文：There are strong arguments for why schools are best placed to provide mental health services. Schools see young people more than any other service, which gives them a unique ability to get to hard-to-reach children and young people and build meaningful relationships with them over time.Recent studies have shown that children and young people largely prefer to see a counsellor in school rather than in an outside environment. Young people have reported that for low-level conditions such as stress and anxiety,a clinical setting can sometimes be daunting (令人却步的) .】
    A. Students prefer to rely on peers to relieve stress and anxiety.
    B. Young people are keen on building meaningful relationships.
    C. Students are more comfortable seeking counselling in school.
    D. Young people benefit from various kinds of outdoor activities.

49. 我们从最近的研究中学到了什么？，
A.学生更喜欢依靠同伴来缓解压力和焦虑。
B.年轻人热衷于建立有意义的关系。
C.学生更愿意在学校寻求咨询。
D.年轻人受益于各种户外活动。

49.【定位】由题干中的 recent studies定位到第五段最后两句。

C【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，最近的研究表明，儿童和年轻人在很大程度上更喜欢在学校里找辅导员，而不是在校外。年轻人报告说，对于压力和焦虑等初级状况，临床环境有时会令人望而生畏。由此可知，青少年在学校环境下接受心理辅导会感到更自在，故答案为C。

【避错】定位句提到，学生更喜欢在学校接受心理辅导，并未提及他们是否更喜欢依靠同龄人来缓解压力和焦虑，故排除A “学生更喜欢依靠同龄人来缓解压力和焦虑”。第五段第二句提到，学校比其他任何公共服务系统都更关注年轻人，这使它们拥有一种独特的能力去接触难以接触的儿童和年轻人，并逐渐与他们建立有意义的关系。此处指学校与年轻人建立有意义的关系，而非年轻人热衷于建立有意义的关系，故排除B “年轻人热衷于建立有意义的关系”。文中并未提及D “年轻人从各种户外活动中受益”，故排除。

2020-12-01-50.—语义理解题—选出现最多的“school”【狗头】

2020-12-01-50.—第一：通过“(Line 2, Para. 6)”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项ABCD；第三：找同义替换，排除AB，选项CD前部分相同，大概率出答案，选项D有生词，不好判断，只能用排除法排除选项C。

50. What does the author mean by a cultural shift (Line 2, Para. 6)?【原文：There are already,examples of innovative schools which combine mental health and wellbeing provision with a strong academic curriculum.This will, though, require a huge cultural shift. Politicians, policymakers, commissioners and school leaders must be brave enough to make the leap towards reimagining schools as providers of health as well as education services.】
    A. Simplification of schools’ academic curriculums.
    B. Parents’ involvement in schools’ policy-making.
    C. A change in teachers’attitudes to mental health.
    D. A change in the conception of what schools are.

50. 作者所说的文化转变是什么意思（第二行，第6段）？
A.简化学校的学术课程。
B.家长参与学校政策制定。
C.教师对心理健康态度的改变。
D.学校概念的改变。

50.【定位】由题干中的a cultural shift和 Para.6 定位到最后一段。

D【精析】语义理解题。定位段第二句指出，这将需要巨大的文化转变。第三句接着对“文化转变”作出了阐释：政治家、政策制定者、部长和学校领导必须足够勇敢，向着将学校重新塑造为健康和教育服务提供者的方向飞跃。由此可知，这种文化转变是将学校重新塑造为健康和教育服务提供者，故答案为D“对学校观念的转变”。

【避错】定位段第一句指出，已经有一些创新学校将心理健康和福利保障与强大的学术课程相结合，并不是简化课程，故排除A “简化学校的学术课程”。文中并未提及家长该如何做，故排除 B“家长参与学校决策”。定位段第三句指出，政治家、政策制定者、部长和学校领导必须足够勇敢，向着将学校重新塑造为健康和教育服务提供者的方向飞跃。
由此可知，这种文化转变是将学校重新塑造为健康和教育服务提供者，而不是老师对心理健康态度的转变，故排除 C“老师对心理健康态度的转变”。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  Picture this: You’re at a movie theater food stand loading upon snacks. You have a choice of a small, medium or large soda. The small is $ 3. 50 and the large is $ 5. 50. It’s a tough decision: The small size may not last you through the whole movie, but $ 5.50 for some sugary drink seems ridiculous. But there’s a third option, a medium soda for $ 5. 25. Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is only a quarter more. If you’re like most people, you end up buying the large (and taking a bathroom break midshow).
  If you’re wondering who would buy the medium soda, the answer is almost no one. In fact, there’s a good chance the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy (诱饵), making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small.
  I have written about this peculiarity in human nature before with my friend Dan Ariely, who studied this phenomenon extensively after noticing pricing for subscriptions (订阅) to The Economist. The digital subscription was $59, the print subscription was $125, and the print plus digital subscription was also $125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for the same price, so why was it even an option? Ariely ran an experiment and found that when only the two “real” choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. But the addition of the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option.
  Brain scientists call this effect “asymmetric dominance” and it means that people gravitate toward the choice nearest a clearly inferior option. Marketing professors call it the decoy effect, which is certainly easier to remember. Lucky for consumers, almost no one in the business community understands it.
  The decoy effect works because of the way our brains. assign value when making choices.Value is almost never absolute;rather, we decide an object’s value relative to our other choices. If more options are introduced, the value equation changes.

2020-12-01-51.—推理判断题—难—定位到第一段一句，发现很多but，疯狂转折，足够peculiar奇特

2020-12-01-51.—难—第一：通过“movie theater food”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项BCD，但是答案却是选项A。

51. Why does the author ask us to imagine buying food in the movie theater?【原文：Picture this: You’re at a movie theater food stand loading upon snacks. You have a choice of a small, medium or large soda. The small is $ 3. 50 and the large is $ 5. 50. It’s a tough decision: The small size may not last you through the whole movie, but $ 5.50 for some sugary drink seems ridiculous. But there’s a third option, a medium soda for $ 5. 25. Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is only a quarter more. If you’re like most people, you end up buying the large (and taking a bathroom break midshow).】
    A. To illustrate people’s peculiar shopping behavior.
    B. To illustrate the increasing variety of snacks there.
    C. To show how hard it can be to choose a drink there.
    D. To show how popular snacks are among movie fans.

51. 为什么作者让我们想象在电影院买食物？
A.为了说明人们奇特的购物行为。
B.为了说明那里小吃的种类越来越多。
C.为了表明在那里选择饮料有多难。
D.为了显示小吃在影迷中有多受欢迎。

51.【定位】由题干中的buying food in the movie theater 定位到第一段第一句。

A
【精析】推理判断题。定位段描写了一个场景：人们在电影院购买汽水时，一般都会选择比中杯稍贵的大杯；第二段接着分析中杯的汽水很可能是营销人员的诱饵，引诱你买大杯汽水；第三段提到作者和朋友对人性的这种独特性行为进行过研究。由此可知，作者让我们想象在电影院买食物是为了引出人们一种独特的购物行为，故答案为 A “以说明人们独特的购物行为”。

【避错】定位句让读者想象在电影院的食品台前买零食的场景，并不是为了说明电形院小吃种类越来越多，故排除 B “说明那里的小吃种类越来越多”。第一段提到，在面对大杯、中杯和小杯汽水时，大部分人都会买大杯，并没有难以做出选择，故排除 C “显示在那里选择一种饮料有多困难”第一段描写了人们在电影院购买不同型号汽水的场景，借以引出人们一种独特的购物行为，并不是为了表明小吃有多受欢迎，故排除 D “展示小吃在影迷中有多受欢迎”。

2020-12-01-52.—推理判断题—难—优先看特殊词，rather than，但是看不出来啥，定位句后面看不出什么，就看回去定位句前面。

2020-12-01-52.—难—第一：通过“medium soda”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项ABC；第三：找同义替换，优先从原词复现的选项找，结果反而是不出现原词复现的才是答案。

52. Why is the medium soda priced the way it is?【原文：Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is only a quarter more. If you’re like most people, you end up buying the large (and taking a bathroom break midshow).
      If you’re wondering who would buy the medium soda, the answer is almost no one. In fact, there’s a good chance the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy (诱饵), making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small.】
    A. To attract more customers to buy it.
    B. To show the price matches the amount.
    C. To ensure customers drink the right amount of soda.
    D. To make customers believe they are getting a bargain.

54. 为什么中杯汽水的定价是这样的？
A.为了吸引更多的顾客购买。
B.显示价格与数量相符。
C.确保顾客喝适量的苏打水。
D.让顾客相信他们买到了便宜货。

52.【定位】由题干中的 the medium soda 和 priced 定位到第二段最后一句。

D
【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，市场营销部很有可能故意以中杯汽水作为诱饵，让你更有可能购买大杯汽水而不是小杯。第一段倒数第二句提到，大杯汽水只比中杯的贵0.25美分。由此可知，之所以这样给中杯定价，是为了让消费者认为买大杯更合算，故答案为 D “为了让顾客相信他们买得很合算”。

【避错】定位句提到，市场营销部很有可能故意以中杯汽水作为诱饵，让你更有可能购买大杯汽水而不买小杯或中杯汽水，故排除 A “为了吸引更多的顾客购买中杯汽水”。第一段倒数第二句提到，大杯汽水只比中杯的贵了0.25美分，由此可知，中杯定价并不符合常理，故 B “为了显示价格配得上容量”说法错误，可排除。第一段末句提到，喝了大杯汽水后，会在电影中间上厕所，由此可知，顾客喝了过量的汽水，故排除 C “为了确保顾客饮用适量的汽水”。

2020-12-01-53.—推理判断题—难—没有关键词

2020-12-01-53.—第一：通过“Dan Ariely”定位；第二：找原词复现或选项类似，选项BC类似，选项C原词复现元素比较多，优先选；第三：找同义替换，选项A部分同义替换，也想选。结果选了个B，没有原词复现，也看不出同义替换。

53. What do we learn from Dan Ariely’s experiment?【原文：I have written about this peculiarity in human nature before with my friend Dan Ariely, who studied this phenomenon extensively after noticing pricing for subscriptions (订阅) to The Economist. The digital subscription was $59, the print subscription was $125, and the print plus digital subscription was also $125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for the same price, so why was it even an option? Ariely ran an experiment and found that when only the two “real” choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription.】
    A. Lower-priced goods attract more customers.
    B. The Economist’s promotional strategy works.
    C. The Economist’s print edition turns out to sell the best.
    D. More readers choose the digital over the print edition.

53. 我们从Dan Ariely的实验中学到了什么？
A.低价商品吸引更多顾客。
B.经济学家的促销策略奏效了。
C.《经济学人》的印刷版卖得最好。
D.更多的读者选择电子书而不是印刷版。

53.【定位】由题干中的 Dan Ariely’sexperiment定位到第三段最后两句。

B
【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，艾瑞里做了一个实验，发现当只提供两个“真实的”选项时，更多的人选择了价格较低的数字版订阅。但是不良选项的增加使人们更有可能选择更昂贵的印刷版加数字版这一选项。由此可知,在面对《经济学人》提供的三个选项时，人们更倾向于选择订阅印刷版加数字版，即《经济学人》的宜传策略奏效了，故答案为 B 。

【避错】第三段第二、三句指出，《经济学人》数字版订阅费是 59 美元，印刷版订阅费是125 美元，印刷版加数字版订阅费也是125美元。在可以用同样的价格买到印刷版加数字版的情况下，没有一个头脑正常的人会购买印刷版，由此可知，价格最低的数字版并没有吸引到更多顾客，故可以排除 A “低价商品吸引更多顾客”。定位句指出，不良选项(印刷版订阅费125美元)的增加使人们更有可能选择印刷版加数字版这一选项，由此可知，读者更倾向于选择印刷版加数字版，故可以排除 C 和 D。

2020-12-01-54.—推理判断题—同义替换—bad potion坏选项替换为trap诱骗

2020-12-01-54.—第一：通过“the bad option”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项BC；第三：找同义替换，选项C“more pricey”替换为原文“more expensive”

54. For what purpose is “the bad option” (Line 7, Para. 3) added? 【原文：But the addition of the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option.】
    A. To cater to the peculiar needs of some customers.
    B. To help customers to make more rational choices.
    C. To trap customers into buying the more pricey item.
    D. To provide customers with a greater variety of goods.

54. 添加“坏的选择”（第3段第7行）的目的是什么？
A.为了迎合一些顾客的特殊需求。
B.帮助顾客做出更理性的选择。
C.诱骗顾客购买更昂贵的商品。
D.为顾客提供更多种类的商品。

54.【定位】由题干中的the bad option和Para.3定位到第三段最后一句。

C
【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，不良选项(印刷版订阅费 125 美元)的增加使人们更有可能选择更昂贵的印刷版加数字版这一选项。由此可知，添加“不良选项”是为了诱使顾客购买价格较高的商品，故答案为 C “诱使顾客购买价格较高的商品”。

【避错】文中没有提到顾客的特殊要求，故排除A 。由定位句可知，添加不良选项是为了诱使顾客购买价格较高的商品，不是为了让顾客做出更理性的选择，也不是为了给顾客提供更多种类的商品，故排除 B “帮助客户做出更理性的选择”和D “为顾客提供更多种类的商品”。

2020-12-01-55.—细节辨认题—难—干扰项D的equation，正确选项compare隐藏太深，看不出来。

2020-12-01-55.—第一：通过“value”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项BC；第三：找同义替换，选项B“compare比较”替换为原文的“relative to相对于”

55. How do we assess the value of a commodity, according to the passage?【原文：The decoy effect works because of the way our brains. assign value when making choices.Value is almost never absolute;rather, we decide an object’s value relative to our other choices. If more options are introduced, the value equation changes.】
    A. By considering its usefulness.
    B. By comparing it with other choices.
    C. By taking its quality into account.
    D. By examining its value equation.

55. 根据文章，我们如何评估商品的价值？
A.考虑到它的有用性。
B.通过与其他选择进行比较。
C.通过考虑其质量。
D.通过检验其价值方程。

55.【定位】由题干中的the value of acommodity定位到最后一段最后两句。

B
【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，价值几乎从来不是绝对的；相反，我们是相对于其他选择来确定某一物品的价值。如果引人更多选项，则价值等式将发生变化。由此可知，我们是通过比较不同的选择来评估某一商品的价值，故答案为 B “通过与其他选择进行比较”。

【避错】由定位句可知，我们是相较于其他选择来确定某一物品的价值。如果引人更多选项，价值等式则将发生变化，而不是单独考虑其实用性、质量，故排除 A 和 C 。
D 是根据最后一段最后一句中的 value equation捏造的干扰项，但价值等式是相较于其他商品而言的，故排除。

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

  生活在中国不同地区的人们饮食多种多样。北方人主要吃面食，南方人大多吃米饭。在沿海地区，海鲜和淡水水产品在人们饮食中占有相当大的比例，而在其他地区人们的伙食中，肉类和奶制品更为常见。四川、湖南等省份的居民普遍爱吃辛辣食物，而江苏和浙江人更喜欢甜食。然而，因为烹饪方式各异，同类食物的味道可能会有所不同。