2022 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）——阅读版——仔细阅读题

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  We’re eating more fish than ever these days. At around 20 kilograms per person global fish consumption is now more than twice what it was in the 1960s. What’s really remarkable, though, is where that fish comes from.
  For the first time in human history, most of our aquatic (水产的) food now comes from farming rather than fishing.
  People ate around 73 million tonnes of farmed fish — just more than half of the volume of fish that humans consumed — in 2014. That’s out of a total fish supply of 167 million tonnes; the remaining 20 million or so tonnes go into things like animal feed and medical products.
  To keep eating fish at the current rate, we’re definitely going to need to keep aquaculture (水产养殖) developing. That’s because the volume of fish caught in the wild has leveled off since the 1990s.
  Back in 1974, only 10% of marine fish stocks had been overfished. Now, more than three-tenths are. Only a tenth of our oceans’ fish stocks could sustain heavier fishing than current levels.
  But while catchings at sea have suffered, fish-farming has been growing at a fast rate. A lot of that is coming from China, which produces 60% of the world’s farmed fish. In fact, some 35 countries, including China, now produce more farmed than wild-caught fish.
  This shift toward aquaculture isn’t just good for ensuring salmon (三文鱼) on your plate; it’s also crucial to ensuring food security and sustainability. By 2050, the world will need to feed an estimated 9.7 billion people. They’ll have to get their protein somewhere. However, raising cattle, pigs, and other land- based animals requires vast sums of grain and water. For example, pound for pound, beef requires 15 times more feed to raise than carp, a freshwater fish farmed all over Asia. That grain — and the water needed to grow it — could be consumed by people instead.
  However, aquaculture is no silver bullet. In some southeast Asian countries, shrimp farming does disastrous damage to marine ecosystems. Despite these problems, however, shrimp continues to be among the most popular seafoods worldwide.

2022-12-02-46.—细节辨认题—出现特殊词rahter而不是，rather前面更重要

46. What does the author say is remarkable about the fish we eat?【原文：What’s really remarkable, though, is where that fish comes from.
      For the first time in human history, most of our aquatic (水产的) food now comes from farming rather than fishing.】
    A. They reproduce quickly.
    B. They are mostly farmed.
    C. They have become as important as grain.
    D. They have a longer history than humans.

47. 作者说我们吃的鱼有什么值得注意的？
A.它们繁殖得很快。
B.它们大多是养殖的。
C.它们已经变得和谷物一样重要。
D.他们比人类有更长的历史。

46.【定位】由题干中的 remarkable about the fish we eat 定位到第一段最后一句和第二段。

B【 精析】细节辨认题。第一段最后一句提到，真正值得注意的是这些鱼的来源。第二段接着指出，我们大部分的水产食物来自养殖而非捕捞。由此可知，我们吃的大部分的鱼是养殖的，故答案为 B。

【避错】文中没有提到鱼的繁殖速度、鱼的重要性和鱼的历史，故排除A、C和 D。

2022-12-02-47.—推理判断题—keep aquaculture (水产养殖) developing推理出Expand the scale of fish-farming continuously

47. What do we need to do if we keep consuming fish at the current rate?【原文：To keep eating fish at the current rate, we’re definitely going to need to keep aquaculture (水产养殖) developing. 】
    A. Increase the fishing volume considerably.
    B. Develop more advanced fishing technology.
    C. Enlarge the marine fish stocks effectively.
    D. Expand the scale of fish-farming continuously.

47. 如果我们继续以目前的速度吃鱼，我们需要做些什么？
A.大幅度增加捕鱼量。
B.发展更先进的捕鱼技术。
C.有效扩大海洋鱼类资源。
D.不断扩大养鱼规模。

47.【定位】由题干中的 keep consuming fish at the current rate定位到第四段第一句。

D【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，为了保证鱼肉摄入量一直处于现如今的水平，我们肯定需要让水产养殖业不断发展。通过推断可知，让水产养殖业不断发展的举措肯定包括扩大养殖规模，故答案为D。

【避错】A 和 B 都是与捕捞相关的措施，与文章意思不符，均可排除。文中并未提及要扩大海洋鱼类数量，故排除C。

2022-12-02-48.—细节辨认题—同义替换—produce more farmed than wild-caught替换为raises more….than caught from the wild。

48. What does the author say about China in terms of aquatic food?【原文：But while catchings at sea have suffered, fish-farming has been growing at a fast rate. A lot of that is coming from China, which produces 60% of the world’s farmed fish. In fact, some 35 countries, including China, now produce more farmed than wild-caught fish.】
    A. It places increasing emphasis on fishing now.
    B. It boasts of the world’s largest fishing stocks.
    C. It raises more fish than caught from the wild.
    D. It supplies 60% of the world’s fish products.

48. 关于中国的水产食品，作者说了些什么？
A.它现在越来越重视捕鱼。
B.它拥有世界上最大的渔业资源。
C.养殖的鱼比从野外捕捞的鱼多。
D.它提供了世界上60%的鱼产品。

48.【定位】由题干中的 China 和 aquatic food定位到第六段最后一句。

C 【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，事实上，包括中国在内的约35个国家，现如今的养殖鱼产量超过了野生捕捞量。

C 选项中的 raises more….than caught from the wild 对应定位句中的 produce more farmed than wild-caught，故答案为C。

【避错】本文主要介绍养殖渔业的必要性，A 与全文大意不符，故排除。文中并未提及中国自称拥 有世界最多的渔业资源，故排除B。 第六段第二句提到，中国的养殖鱼产量占全球的60%。这并不代表中国提供了世界上60%的鱼肉产品，二者 意思不同，不能混为一谈，故排除D。

2022-12-02-49.—推理判断题—难

49. Why does the author say aquaculture is so important these days?【原文：This shift toward aquaculture isn’t just good for ensuring salmon (三文鱼) on your plate; it’s also crucial to ensuring food security and sustainability. By 2050, the world will need to feed an estimated 9.7 billion people. They’ll have to get their protein somewhere. However, raising cattle, pigs, and other land- based animals requires vast sums of grain and water. For example, pound for pound, beef requires 15 times more feed to raise than carp, a freshwater fish farmed all over Asia. That grain — and the water needed to grow it — could be consumed by people instead.】
    A. It is a must for feeding the world’s fast-growing population.
    B. It proves a reliable source of protein for humans and animals.
    C. It is essential to maintaining both mental and physical health.
    D. It ensures a balanced healthy diet for people the world over.

49. 为什么作者说水产养殖在当今如此重要？
A.它是养活世界上快速增长的人口的必需品。
B.它被证明是人类和动物蛋白质的可靠来源。
C.它对保持身心健康都很重要。
D.它保证了全世界人民均衡健康的饮食。

49.【定位】由题干中的aquaculture is so important 定位到倒数第二段。

A【 精析】推理判断题。定位段提到，这种向水产养殖的转变对于确保食品安全性和可持续性至关重要。到2050年，全球将需要养活大约97亿人。他们需要从某些地方获取蛋白质。随后用牛和鲤鱼的例子来说明，养鱼比养牛更划算。结合段落大意可以推断出，发展水产养殖对于养活迅速增长的人口更有利，故答案为 A。

【避错】倒数第二段中只提及了人类生存需要蛋白质，并没有提到动物，故排除B。文中没有提到水产养殖对于保持身心健康的影响，故排除C。文中也没有提及水产养殖确保了人类饮食的平衡健康，故排除D。

2022-12-02-50.—细节辨认题—同义替换—disastrous damage替换为serious problems

50. What does the author imply by saying aquaculture is no silver bullet?【原文：However, aquaculture is no silver bullet . In some southeast Asian countries, shrimp farming does disastrous damage to marine ecosystems. Despite these problems, however, shrimp continues to be among the most popular seafoods worldwide.】
    A. Shrimp-farming is a risky business.
    B. Fish-farming will not be sustainable.
    C. Fish-farming may cause serious problems too.
    D. Shrimp-farming can become quite expensive.

50. 作者说水产养殖不是灵丹妙药是什么意思？
A.养虾是一项有风险的生意。
B.养鱼是不可持续的。
C.养鱼也可能造成严重的问题。
D.养虾会变得相当昂贵。

50.【定位】由题干中的 aquaculture is no silver bullet 定位到最后一段。

C 【精析】细节辨认题。最后一段第二句指出，在一些东南亚国家，虾类养殖对海洋生态造成了灾难性的破坏。 由此可知，水产养殖也有负面影响，故答案为C。

【避错】最后一段提到了养虾会对海洋生态造成破坏，但并不代表养虾有风险或养虾会变贵，故排除 A 和 D 。最后一段没有提到水产养殖业的可持续问题，故排除B。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  In 2020, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the World Food Programme (WFP).
  Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP, and why now? In 2019, the WFP assisted nearly 100 million people in 88 countries. It is the safety net for those who fall off the edge of existence. It is a response to solving the problem of food instability. Its Nobel Prize reminds us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else’s problem.
  The WFP has been around since 1961 and has been the global coordinator of nationally based efforts to avoid disasters with food aid. Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about 11% of people on the planet (about 820 million people) are suffering daily undernourishment. Progress at reducing undernourishment has stopped despite gains through the 1990s and 2000s.
  Developed countries sometimes offer food and aid to developing ones, but at a price. One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money — it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity can thrive. When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached, like loan repayment or food for resources, it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order. This is why the work of the WFP is so vital.
  The scientific community, however, can provide a helping hand to the WFP. By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger, scientists can help reduce these problems. By making its voice heard, science can lead by example. The ability to overcome food shortages that must be built into some of the poorest countries will not come from loans from wealthy countries, which may have food problems of their own, or world economic institutions. This ability will be built upon self-confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves out of their misery.

2022-12-02-51.—细节辨认题—同义替换—moral hazard in imagining替换为morally wrong to think.

51. What does the WFP’s winning of the Nobel Peace Prize make us realize?【原文：Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP, and why now? In 2019, the WFP assisted nearly 100 million people in 88 countries. It is the safety net for those who fall off the edge of existence. It is a response to solving the problem of food instability. Its Nobel Prize reminds us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else’s problem.】
    A. More and more people in the world are suffering from starvation.
    B. All of us can be affected by food instability one way or another.
    C. It is hazardous to leave millions of people poor and vulnerable.
    D. It is morally wrong to think helping the poor is not our business.

51. 世界粮食计划署获得诺贝尔和平奖让我们认识到什么？
A.世界上越来越多的人正遭受饥饿。
B.我们所有人都会以这样或那样的方式受到食物不稳定的影响。
C.使数百万人陷入贫困和脆弱是危险的。
D.认为帮助穷人不是我们的责任在道德上是错误的。

51.【定位】由题干中的the WFP’s winning of the Nobel Peace Prize定位到第二段最后一句。

D.
【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出,它的诺贝尔奖提醒我们所有人，把穷人和弱势群体当成别人的问题是一种道德危机。“它”指的是前文提到的世界粮食计划署，D选项中的morally wrong 对应定位句中的 moral hazard。由此可知，答案为D。

【避错】第三段第二句提到，据最新估计，地球上约有11%%的人(约 82亿人)每天营养不良。并未提及是否有越来越多的人遭受饥饿之苦，故排除 A。第二段第四句提到，世界粮食计划署是解决粮食不稳定问题的对策。并未提及粮食不稳定对所有人的影响，故排除B；第二段最后一句指出，把穷人和弱势群体当成别人的问题是一种道德危机。并没有提及让数百万人处于贫困和弱势是危险的，故排除 C

2022-12-02-52.—推理判断题—易—由“Despite尽管xx，还是”推出选B选项，就是despite放后面了

52. What do we learn about the WFP’s effort to eliminate hunger?【原文：The WFP has been around since 1961 and has been the global coordinator of nationally based efforts to avoid disasters with food aid. Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about 11% of people on the planet (about 820 million people) are suffering daily undernourishment. Progress at reducing undernourishment has stopped despite gains through the 1990s and 2000s.】
    A. It has ensured a sufficient food supply to millions.
    B. It is still far from its goal despite the progress made.
    C. It has done a good job in combating natural disasters.
    D. It is preventing starvation occurring on a global scale.

52. 关于世界粮食计划署消除饥饿的努力，我们了解到什么？
A.它保证了数百万人的食物供应。
B.尽管取得了进展，但离目标还很远。
C.抗击自然灾害工作做得很好。
D.它正在防止全球范围内发生饥荒。

52.【定位】由题千中的 the WFP’s effort to eliminate hunger定位到第三段。
B
【精析】推理判断题。定位段提到，世界粮食计划署自1961年成立以来，一直是各国通过粮食援助避免灾难的全球协调机构。尽管为消除饥饿付出了几十年的努力，但据最新估计，地球上约有11%的人(约 8.2 亿人)每天营养不良。尽管在20世纪90年代和21世纪初取得了一些进展，但在减少营养不良方面的进展已经停止。由此推断可知，世界粮食计划署在消除饥饿上取得了一些进展，但距离目标还很远，故答案为 B。

【避错】文章第二段第二句提到，2019年，世界粮食计划署援助了88个国家的近1亿人。并未提及是否提供了充足的食物，A的表述太绝对，故排除；第三段第一句提到，世界粮食计划署自1961年成立以来，一直是各国通过粮食援助避免灾难的全球协调机构。并未提及抗击自然灾害，也未提及阻止全球范围内饥荒的发生，故排除 C和D。

2022-12-02-53.—细节辨认题—难—同义替换—widens the gap between rich and poor扩大贫富差距替换为The rich will become richer and the poor poorer

53. What will happen when food aid is offered at a price?【原文：Developed countries sometimes offer food and aid to developing ones, but at a price. One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money — it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity can thrive. When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached, like loan repayment or food for resources, it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order. This is why the work of the WFP is so vital.】
    A. The rich will become richer and the poor poorer.
    B. More people will be willing to join in the effort.
    C. More food will be made available to the needy.
    D. The relief effort will be rendered less sustainable.

53. 如果粮食援助是有价格的，会发生什么？
A.富人会更富，穷人会更穷。
B.更多的人会愿意加入到这项努力中来。
C.更多的食物将提供给有需要的人。
D.救济工作将变得难以持续。

【定位】由题千中的 food aid is offered at a price定位到第四段倒数第二句。

A.【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，如果援助附带沉重的条件，如偿还贷款或以粮食换资源，这往往会扩大贫富差距，维持旧的世界秩序。由此可知，如果以一定代价提供粮食援助，会扩大贫富差距，即可能会导致富人变得更富，穷人变得更穷，故答案为 A。

【避错】B.“会有更多的人愿意一起努力”C.“会有更多的食物提供给有需要的人"和 D.“救济工作将变得难以为继”三项在文中均未提及，故排除。

2022-12-02-54.—推理判断题—B选项出现定位句多个关键词且同义替换

54. How can scientists help cope with poverty and hunger?【原文：By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger, scientists can help reduce these problems. 】
    A. By collaborating closely with world economic institutions.
    B. By sharing expertise with peers in poverty-stricken nations.
    C. By setting up more food research programs in developing countries.
    D. By building self-respect in people suffering from undernutrition.

54. 科学家如何帮助解决贫困和饥饿问题？
A.通过与世界经济机构密切合作。
B.与贫困国家的同行分享专业知识。
C.通过在发展中国家建立更多的食品研究项目。
D.通过在营养不良的人们中建立自尊。

54.【定位】由题干中的scientists help cope with poverty and hunger定位到第五段第二句。

B
【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，通过与最容易遭受贫困和饥饿的国家的同行分享农业和气候知识，科学家可以帮助减少这些问题。B选项中的expertise是对定位分中knowledge of agriculture and climate的总结，由此可推断，科学家可以通过与贫困国家的同行分享专业知识来帮助解决贫困和饥饿问题，故答案为 B。

【避错】第五段第四句提到，一些最贫穷的国家必须具备克服粮食短缺的能力，但这种能力不会来自世界经济机构的贷款。而且此处提到与世界经济机构合作的对象是贫穷的国家，并不是科学家，故排除 A。文中未提及要在发展中国家建立更多的食品研究项目，故排除C。文中没有提到要在营养不良的人身上建立自尊，故排除D。

2022-12-02-55.—推理判断题—同义替换—This ability will be built替换为enhance their own ability

55. What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?【原文：This ability will be built upon self-confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves out of their misery.】
    A. Wealthy nations should solve their own food problems first.
    B. Rich countries should be more generous in providing food aid.
    C. Poor nations should enhance their own ability to solve their food shortages.
    D. World economic institutions should play a bigger role in fighting hunger.

55. 在文章的末尾，作者试图传达什么信息？
A.富裕国家应该首先解决自己的粮食问题。
B.富裕国家应该更慷慨地提供粮食援助。
C.贫穷国家应该提高自己解决粮食短缺的能力。
D.世界经济机构应该在战胜饥饿方面发挥更大的作用。

55.【定位】由题干中的 at the end of the passage定位到最后一段最后一句。

C.【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，这种能力将建立在自信的人们利用开放和共享的科学知识使自已摆脱痛苦的基础上。结合前文可知，“这种能力”指的是最贫穷的国家必须具备克服粮食短缺的能力。由此推断可知，作者认为贫穷国家应该提高自己解决粮食短缺的能力，故答案为 C。

【避错】文章第五段倒数第二句提到，富裕国家也可能存在粮食问题。但作者没有给出解决建议故排除 A。第四段第一句提到，发达国家有时会向发展中国家提供有偿的食物和援助。并未提及富裕国家应该更慷慨，故排除 B；文中并未提及世界经济机构应在对抗饥饿方面发挥作用，故排除D。