我们都知道, ln \ln ln函数的导数为 1 x \dfrac 1x x1,但怎么证明呢?
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y'=\lim\limits_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}\dfrac{\ln(x+\Delta x)-\ln x}{\Delta x}
y′=Δx→0limΔxln(x+Δx)−lnx
= lim Δ x → 0 1 Δ x ln ( 1 + Δ x x ) \qquad =\lim\limits_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0} \dfrac{1}{\Delta x}\ln(1+\dfrac{\Delta x}{x}) =Δx→0limΔx1ln(1+xΔx)
= lim Δ x → 0 ln ( 1 + Δ x x ) 1 Δ x \qquad =\lim\limits_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}\ln(1+\dfrac{\Delta x}{x})^{\frac{1}{\Delta x}} =Δx→0limln(1+xΔx)Δx1
= lim Δ x → 0 ln ( ( 1 + Δ x x ) x Δ x ) 1 x \qquad =\lim\limits_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}\ln((1+\dfrac{\Delta x}{x})^{\frac{x}{\Delta x}})^{\frac1x} =Δx→0limln((1+xΔx)Δxx)x1
∵ e = lim x → 0 ( 1 + x ) 1 x \because e=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow 0} (1+x)^{\frac 1x} ∵e=x→0lim(1+x)x1
∴ lim Δ x → 0 ( 1 + Δ x x ) x Δ x = e \therefore \lim\limits_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}(1+\dfrac{\Delta x}{x})^{\frac{x}{\Delta x}}=e ∴Δx→0lim(1+xΔx)Δxx=e
所以 y ′ = lim Δ x → 0 ln e 1 x = 1 x y'=\lim\limits_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}\ln e^{\frac 1x}=\dfrac 1x y′=Δx→0limlnex1=x1
补充
( log a x ) ′ = ( ln x ln a ) ′ = 1 ln a ⋅ ( ln x ) ′ = 1 x ln a (\log_a x)'=(\dfrac{\ln x}{\ln a})'=\dfrac{1}{\ln a}\cdot(\ln x)'=\dfrac{1}{x\ln a} (logax)′=(lnalnx)′=lna1⋅(lnx)′=xlna1
所以 log a x \log_a x logax的导数为 1 x ln a \dfrac{1}{x\ln a} xlna1