PMP新考纲 敏捷题目 （四）

91、作为估算活动持续时间过程的一部分，项目经理促成了与产品负责人和Scrum团队的冲刺计划会议。项目经理将用户故事分解为较小的任务项，以小时为单位估算所需时间，并根据团队的能力确定冲刺待办事项列表。尽管计划周密，冲刺还是失败了。项目经理当初可采取什么样的不同做法？
As part of the Estimate Activity Durations process, the project manager facilitates a sprint planning meeting with the product owner and Scrum team. The project manager breaks down the user stories into low-level tasks, estimates the time required in hours, and determines the sprint backlog based on the team's capacity. Despite meticulous planning, the sprint fails. What might the project manager have done differently?
A： 在确定冲刺待办事项列表之前，要求团队为产品待办事项列表设优先级
Asked the team to prioritize the product backlog before determining the sprint backlog
B： 将确定的低级任务分配给项目进度计划中的特定人员
Assigned the identified low-level tasks to specific individuals in the project schedule
C： 授权团队确定他们在冲刺期间可以完成多少用户故事
Empowered the team to determine how many user stories they can complete during the sprint
D： 在估算用户故事和任务的大小时，使用故事点而不是小时
Used story points instead of hours while estimating the size of the user stories and tasks
正确答案：C 你的答案：C
解析：知识点出处： 敏捷实践指南 页码：P153 章节：术语表 自组织团队：它是一种跨职能团队，其中为实现团队目标团队成员根据需要轮换着发挥领导作用。 自组织团队的核 心就是做什么事情，团队成员说了算。

92、项目经理正在制定项目进度计划，并希望赋予团队比过去项目更多的决策权。他创建了一个甘特图，显示WBS工作包级别的活动，这些活动被分配给团队而不是个人。然后，他将工作包记录在一个看板面板的待办事项列表中。项目经理如何通过理想化的属性和行为使用鼓舞人心的激励来授权团队？
A project manager is developing the project schedule and wants to empower the team with more decision making authority than past projects. He creates a Gantt chart that displays activities down to the work package level of the WBS, which are assigned to the team rather than individuals. He then records the work packages in the backlog of a Kanban board. How might the project manager use inspirational motivation to empower the team through idealized attributes and behaviors?

A： 采取自由放任的领导风格
Adopt a Laissez-faire leadership style

B： 融入仆人型领导者的要素
Incorporate the elements of a servant leader

C： 利用例外管理
Utilize management by exception

D： 使用变革型领导风格
Use a transformational leadership style
正确答案：D 你的答案：D
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南 页码：P73 章节：6.1.2 变革就绪情况： • 积极明确的管理层支持； • 变革管理实践，包括沟通和引导； • 逐个项目应用敏捷实践 • 向团队增量地引入敏捷实践；以及 • 通过采取适用的敏捷技术和实践示范引导。 从题干看出，这明显是从瀑布型向敏捷型的变革，需要变革型领导风格。

93、你的敏捷项目需要本地无法找到的专家。你可以在全球各地找到所需的资源，但由于各种限制，不能在项目期间对专家进行配置。你认为推进项目的唯一方法是在虚拟环境下建立团队。启动会议将在几周后举行。要让团队参加会议，你的最佳行动方案是什么？
Your agile project needs specialists that are not available locally. You find the needed resources across the globe, but due to various constraints, cannot colocate them for the duration of the project. You decide that the only way to go ahead with the project is by setting up the team in a virtual environment. The kick-off meeting is in a few weeks from now. What is your best course of action to have the team attend the kick-off?

A： 让团队成员在会议期间连接到视频会议
Have the team members connect to the video conference during the meeting

B： 可能的话，带团队成员亲自参加启动会议
If possible, bring the team members to attend the kick-off meeting in person

C： 将会议录下来并将录像发送给团队成员
Record the kick-off meeting on a video and send the recording to the team

D： 什么都不做，因为敏捷团队有权作出自己的决策
Do nothing since agile teams are empowered to make their own decisions

正确答案：B 你的答案：B
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南 页码：P9 章节：2.2 敏捷原则第6条： 无论对开发团队还是团 队内部，信息传达最有效的方法都是面对面的交谈。 如果可能的话，还是要当面开启动会，以获取相关方的承诺。

94、一家公司总是在项目管理上使用预测法，但是现在项目管理办公室想要结合一些敏捷的最佳实践来产生更早的收益实现。项目经理即将开始为新项目做计划，她担心项目团队不具备在混合环境中工作的能力。项目经理的最佳行动方案是什么？
A company has always utilized a predictive approach to project management, but now the project management office wants to incorporate some agile best practices to generate earlier revenue realization. The project manager is about to begin planning for the new project and is concerned that the project team is not equipped to work in a hybrid environment. What is the project manager's best course of action?

A： 授权团队自我组织和学习敏捷最佳实践
Empower the team to self-organize and study agile best practices

B： 向项目管理办公室（PMO）申请培训
Request the training from the project management office (PMO

C： 将团队敏捷技能不足的风险添加到风险登记册
Add the risk of the team's inadequate agile skills to the risk register

D： 审查敏捷最佳实践的经验教训知识库
Check the lessons learned repository for agile best practices
正确答案：B 你的答案：B
解析：知识点出处： 敏捷实践指南 页码：P82 章节：6.6.3 敏捷PMO的服务：通过培训和指导发展人才 过渡期间应该安排专业的敏捷培训。

95、 项目经理安排一次会议，让Scrum项目团队进行反思和调整。与会者在这次会议上最可能做什么？
A project manager schedules a meeting for the scrum project team to reflect and adapt. What will the participants be most likely doing at this meeting?

A： 向客户演示产品增量
Demonstrating the product increment to the customer

B： 为下次冲刺选择用户故事
Selecting user stories for the next sprint

C： 讨论正在进行的工作和阻碍进展的障碍
Discussing the on-going work and impediments to progress

D： 寻找对团队过程的任何改进
Looking for any improvements to the team's process
正确答案：D 你的答案：D
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南 页码：P50 章节：5.2.1 回顾总结会： 回顾是最重要的一个实践，原因是它能让团队学习、改进和调整其 过程。 回顾会三件事：总结经验 过程改进 提出计划

96、作为向敏捷转变的一部分，一个组织为一个项目选择一个试点团队来开发一个软件工具。一位敏捷教练被分配到团队中，在整个过渡过程中指导他们。在最初的几次迭代中，教练与项目经理和团队一起指导他们进行敏捷实践，并将任务分配给团队成员。敏捷教练采用什么最佳行动方案来确定团队是否获得了在没有教练的情况下执行即将到来的迭代所需的技能？
As part of its transformation to agile, an organization selects a pilot team for a project to develop a software tool. An agile coach is assigned to the team to guide them throughout their transition. For the first few iterations, the coach works with the project manager and team to coach them on agile practices and assign tasks to the team members. What is agile coach's best course of action to determine if the team has acquired the required skills to perform the upcoming iterations without coaching?

A： 参加每日站会
Attend daily standup meetings

B： 进行产品演示
Conduct product demonstrations

C： 举行迭代回顾
Hold iteration retrospectives

D： 开展团队建设活动
Carry out team building activities
正确答案：C 你的答案：C
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南 页码：P50 章节：5.2.1 回顾总结会： 回顾是最重要的一个实践，原因是它能让团队学习、改进和调整其过程。 开始是敏捷教练分配任务，在回顾会后， 团队成员可以自组织来安排任务、 改进过程。

97、 一个沉浸在预测性项目管理方法中的组织决定采用混合方法作为敏捷项目管理的过渡策略。已经特许了一个试点Scrum项目，并分配了Scrum角色和职责。项目经理希望确保向客户提供最优的价值。项目经理接下来应该做什么？
An organization that is steeped in a predictive project management approach has decided to adopt hybrid methods as a transition strategy to agile project management. A pilot scrum project has been chartered and scrum roles and responsibilities assigned. The project manager wants to ensure the optimal delivery of value to the customer. What should the project manager do next?

A： 分配故事点以确定产品待办事项列表的优先级
Assign story points to prioritize the product backlog

B： 要求该团队采用MoSCoW方法
Request that the team use the MoSCoW method

C： 为产品负责人安排Scrum培训
Schedule scrum training for the product owner

D： 将WBS分解为Scrum用户故事
Decompose the WBS into scrum user stories

正确答案：C 你的答案：C
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南 页码：41 章节：4.3.2 产品负责人 Product Owner ：创建待办列表并排序、 确认工作优先顺序 、提供反馈、 指导开发方向 。 ABD都是产品负责人做的事，因此， 要先确认产品负责 人有能力做这些事。

98、一个敏捷团队正处于冲刺中，此时发起人要求项目经理停止当前冲刺中几个用户故事的工作。由于最近发布的一项新技术即将上市，发起人倾向于认为这些用户故事没有什么价值。项目经理应该做什么？
An agile team is in the middle of a sprint when the sponsor asks the project manager to stop work on several user stories in the current sprint. With a recent news announcement of new technology soon to hit the market, the sponsor is inclined to think that these user stories would be of little value. What should the project manager do?

A： 从冲刺待办事项列表移除发起人指定的用户故事
Remove the user stories indicated by the sponsor from the sprint backlog
B： 忽略发起人意见，并指示团队按原计划进行
Ignore the sponsor's input and instruct the team to proceed as originally planned

C： 联系产品负责人，询问用户故事是否仍具有优先级
Contact the product owner and ask if the user stories are still a priority

D： 进行市场调查以确认新技术的发布
Conduct market research to confirm the announcement of the new technology
正确答案：C 你的答案：C
解析：知识点出处：敏捷实践指南 页码：41 章节：4.3.2 产品负责人 Product Owner ：创建待办列表并排序、 确认工作优先顺序 、提供反馈、 指导开发方向。 优先级的问题， 应该听PO的。

99、 一位敏捷教练被要求为即将到来的敏捷项目团队建立团队。管理层希望利用公司现有的人才，而不要使用外部资源。敏捷教练联系人力资源部门，在公司内部网站上为未来的团队成员发布招聘广告。敏捷教练在广告中提出的以下哪项工作要求是最好的？
An agile coach has been requested to put together a team for the upcoming agile project. The management wants to use the talent available in the company without the need to go outside. The agile coach approaches the human resource department to advertise the position for the prospective team members on the company internal website. Which of the following job requirements is best for the agile coach to indicate in the ad?

A： 熟悉动态系统软件开发方法࿰