PMP新考纲 敏捷题目 （五）

132、对于试图开展更快速的动态项目的机构而言，敏捷思维对于管理角色至关重要。 尤其是在混合管理中，决策、行动、方向和愿景通常来自管理层。 当一个组织考虑应用 Scrum 时，他们不应该只期待团队工作方式发生变化，他们还应该开始考虑管理团队打算如何运作。由谁来确保工作按照领导层的指示方向和产品的愿景展开？

An Agile mindset is crucial in management roles for organizations that are trying to undertake more quick and dynamic projects. Decisions, actions, directions, and vision often come from the management level, especially in the hybrid world. When an organization thinks about applying Scrum, they shouldn’t expect only changes in how teams work but also, they should start considering how the management team intends to operate. Who ensures that work is aligned with leadership's direction and Product Vision?

 A：产品负责人 The Product Owner

 B：Scrum 主管 The Scrum Master

 C：团队 The Team

 D：敏捷教练 The Agile Coach

正确答案：A 你的答案：B

解析：产品负责人负责确保工作按照领导层的指示方向和产品的愿景展开。

133、敏捷团队在墙壁上仅有非常有限的空间展示项目状态和进度。团队成员在纠结，是应该使用公司拥有永久许可的软件工具来展示进度，还是使用写有他们当前工作进度的便条和索引卡在墙面上展示。建议敏捷团队使用以下哪种方法？

The agile team has been provided with limited wall space to indicate the project status or progress. The team members are confused about whether they should use a software tool for which the company has an unlimited license or use the whole space to display the index cards with notes on what they are currently working on. Which of the following is recommended for the agile team to do use?

 A：索引卡和张贴在墙上的笔记，因为这将为利益相关方提供项目状态的实时更新 Index cards and posted notes as it will offer stakeholders real-time updates on the project status

 B：“使用软件，因为该公司有永久使用许可，不存在成本问题” The software tool as the company has unlimited user license so there is no issue regarding the cost

 C：“遵循其他敏捷团队使用的方法来展示公司的项目状态或进度” Follow the same practices as used by other agile teams to indicate the project status or progress in the company

 D：“使用信息发射源，因为发射源比高科技解决方案更好” Use information radiators as they are better than high tech solutions

正确答案：A 你的答案：D

解析：使用索引卡和贴在墙上的笔记，因为它将为利益相关方提供有关项目状态的实时更新。 敏捷团队应该使用整个空间来张贴索引卡或便利贴，来展示项目任务的当前状态。

134、对于产品负责人来说，新数据库的要求非常模糊。 在与客户进行了长时间的讨论后，你发现你对产品或构建产品的过程没有足够的了解，难以继续推进。 作为敏捷实践者，接下来应该怎么做？

The requirements for the new database are very vague to the product owner. After lengthy discussions with the customer, you discovered that you don’t have enough knowledge about the product or the process of building the product to move forward. As an agile practitioner, what should you do next?

 A：开始创建你的第一个用户故事，要求最终会发展清晰 Start creating your first user stories and requirements will eventually evolve

 B：“由于项目中的技术不确定性，开始刺探以理清当前的风险 Start a spike to clarify the current risk due to the technical uncertainty within the project #25.

 C：“继续细化待办事项列表，并将情况告知高级利益相关方” Carry on with backlog refinement and inform senior stakeholders about the situation

 D：“从零开始冲刺，你可以在其中完成项目设置、基础设施配置、项目文档存储库的设置、工具标准化和团队建设” Start a sprint Zero where you complete project setup, infrastructure provisioning, setting up of project document repository, standardizing tools, and building your team

正确答案：B 你的答案：C

解析：刺探是项目中的一个短时间暂停，通常有固定时长，在此期间，团队开展研究或对解决方案的某个方面进行原型设计，以证明方案的可行性。

135、你是一名项目经理，被分配到一个更换防火墙的项目，在该项目中，这个非专业的跨职能团队将在两到四周时间内设计、构建和配置完成防火墙的安全特性。 你认为该项目的最佳交付方式是什么？

You’re a project manager who has been assigned to a firewall replacement project where security features can be designed, built, and configured by one non-specialized, cross-functional team in a time frame ranging from two to four weeks. What do you think is the best delivery approach for this project?

 A：Scrum； 产品可以在 1 个月或更短的时间盒内交付，并具有一致的持续时间，其中产生了潜在的可发布的产品增量。 Scrum; The product could be delivered in time-boxes of 1 month or less with consistent durations where a potentially releasable increment of product is produced.

 B：看板； 我们只与一个团队合作，我们需要限制在制品 (WIP) 以优化工作流程并缩短前置时间。 Kanban; we’re operating with one team only, and we need to limit the work in progress (WIP) to optimize workflow and reduce lead time.

 C：瀑布； 考虑到解决方案的敏感性，我们需要一个专门的团队来支持这个产品，还需要一个更连续的工艺流程。 Pure waterfall; we need a specialized team to support this product and a more sequential process flow considering the sensitive nature of the solution.

 D：以上都不对 None of the above

正确答案：A 你的答案：C

解析：冲刺描述了 Scrum 中的有时间盒限制的迭代，其中产生了潜在的可发布的产品增量。

136、过去几年你一直在管理敏捷项目。 根据你的经验，个人互动和人际交往能力对于组建你的团队来说是最重要的。 你知道训练和指导成员是提高团队成员技能的最佳方法之一。 作为团队教练，你对团队成员的个人目标和个人动机应该持什么态度？

You have been managing Agile projects for the past few years. Based on your experience, personal interaction and interpersonal skills are the most important in building your team. You know that coaching and mentoring is one of the best ways to improve your team member’s skills. As a team coach, what should be your attitude toward your team members’ individual goals and personal motivations?

 A：“忽略它们；个人问题与实现项目目标无关。” Ignore them; personal issues have no bearing on reaching the project goals.

 B：“培养他们；个人目标是人们希望在工作中取得成功的重要原因。” Cultivate them; pers